Konqi (river)

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Konqi
孔雀河 / Konqi He
Course of the Konqi

Course of the Konqi

Data
location Xinjiang ( PR China )
River system Konqi
origin Bosten-See
41 ° 49 ′ 40 ″  N , 86 ° 44 ′ 52 ″  E
Source height 1048  m
Infiltration in the Lop Nor desert Coordinates: 40 ° 41 ′ 22 ″  N , 90 ° 0 ′ 17 ″  E 40 ° 41 ′ 22 ″  N , 90 ° 0 ′ 17 ″  E

length 550 km
Catchment area 184,400 km²
Drain MQ
 36 m³ / s
Big cities Korla
Small towns Tashidianzhen
Konqi in Korla

Konqi in Korla

Uighur name
Arabic-Persian (Kona Yeziⱪ) : كۆنچى دەرياسى
Latin (Yengi Yeziⱪ) : Kɵnqi dəryasi
Cyrillic ( Soviet Union ): Көнчи дәряси
official notation ( PRCh ): Konqi
other spellings: Koechi
Chinese name
Abbreviation : 孔雀河
Transcription in Pinyin : Kǒngquè Hé
Wade-Giles transcription : K'ung-ch'üeh Ho

The Konqi (= peacock river) is now a tributary of the Tarim basin .

It rises in Bosten Lake , flows through Tashidianzhen and Korla and seeps into the Lop Nor desert , where it originally fed the Lop Nor salt lake , which has dried up since 1971. The Konqi is 786 kilometers long. The lower reaches of the Konqi is the Konche Darja with two lower courses, the Narrow River, which flowed to the south, and the Kum Darja, which flowed into Lake Lop Nor in the east in its wide delta. On the lower reaches of the Konqi there are numerous archaeological sites of tombs and necropolises , which suggest that the banks of the Konche Darja and Kum Darja were settled around 1800 BC. BC and from 202 BC To 420 AD and the bank of the Narrow River in the period around 2000 BC. Point out. The most important necropolises on Kum Darja are Käwrigul from around 1800 BC. BC and Yingpan from the period from 220 to 420. On the delta of the Kum Darja was from the year 176 BC. Until 330 the city of Loulan and on the narrow river the important necropolis Xiaohe , which was established 4000 years ago. In the period from 330 to 1921 the Konche Darja flowed temporarily to the south in a new lower course and let the lower course Kum Darja and the lake Lop Nor dry up; in the south he irrigated Lake Karakoshun from 1725 to 1921 . In 1921 he returned to the former lower reaches of the Kum Darja, allowed Lake Karakoshun to dry out and again filled Lake Lop Nor with fresh water.

A map by Folke Bergman from 1935 with the main archaeological finds by Sven Hedin, Aurel Stein and the Sino-Swedish expedition 1927–1933 in the Lop Nor desert in Xinjiang, China. Translations: Ruiner = ruins of settlements and fortresses from the time before 330. Gammalt vakttorn = ruins of signal towers of the Great Wall of China. Gravar = graves from the time 2000 BC BC to 330. Bulak = well (dried up since 1971). Ördeks nekropol = necropolis that was found by Sven Hedin's guide Ördek and researched and documented by Folke Bergman; new name: Xiaohe . Nya Lop-nor = Lake Lop Nor, which existed in the years 1921–1971, was measured by the Sino-Swedish expedition and then dried out. In the southern part of the former lake, the Helix has dried up since 1971 .

Since 1971 the lake Lop Nor and its tributaries Konche Darja and Kum Darja as well as the Narrow River have completely dried up. The wetlands and river oases with their large poplars died away, sandstorms increased, salt deserts and dunes formed. The main reason for the dehydration was the numerous irrigation projects carried out in the Tarim Basin and in the Yanji Basin since 1949 by the Xinjiang Production-Construction Army Corps to settle Chinese in Xinjiang.

Yardangs are located to the west and northwest of the Lop Nor lake basin and enclose Loulan and the banks of the Kum-darja. Xia Xuncheng suspected in 1982 that the upper platform of the 5.30 m high yardangs indicated the original height of the lake basin around 1919 and that the eroded areas between the yardangs were caused by the currents of the Kum Darja in their delta and rainstorms until 1959 had been deepened. After the lake dried up, the yardangs were also sanded down streamlined by the prevailing northeastern sandstorms. In 1996 , John Hare found the Yardangs "a frightening tangle ten meters high, strange and wonderful eroded rock forms".

The Middle Silk Road ran from Dunhuang via Yumenguan on a not yet exactly clarified route through the Lop Nor Desert and the encrusted lake basin north of Lake Lop Nor via the fortresses LJ, Tuken and LE to Loulan and from Loulan on the north bank of the Kum, which then ran southwards Darya and the Konche Darya via Yingpan along 10 signal towers to Korla. This middle section of the Silk Road was built around 120 BC. BC up to the year 330 mainly used in winter because water supplies could be transported in the form of ice blocks during frost.

Since the Han dynasty (202 BC-220 AD), signal towers (watchtowers) have provided orientation and safety for travelers on the Middle Silk Road. Ruins of signal towers of the Great Wall of China that accompanied the Silk Road were found in the Lop Nor desert in the following locations: in Milan; 45 km south of Loulan (name of fortress: LK); 20 km northeast of Merdek by the narrow river; on the north and north-west edge of Lake Lop Nor (names of fortresses: LJ, Tuken, LF, LE, LA = Loulan); in Yingpan and from there to the west on the northern bank of the Kum Darya and the Konche Darya at close distances to Korla and Charchi.

literature

  • Folke Bergman : Archaeological Finds. In: Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 1935, Gotha 1935.
  • Folke Bergman: Archaeological Researches in Sinkiang. Especially the Lop-Nor region. (Reports: Publication 7), Stockholm 1939 (English; the basic work on the archaeological finds in the Lop Nor desert with important maps; this work was only translated into the Chinese language around the year 2000 and is then used for Chinese archeology in Xinjiang become significant).
  • Sven Hedin : The Wandering Lake . Wiesbaden (FA Brockhaus) 1965 and Leipzig (FA Brockhaus) 1937.
  • Sven Hedin and Folke Bergman: History of an Expedition in Asia 1927–1935 . Part III: 1933–1935 (Reports: Publication 25), Stockholm 1944.
  • Xia Xuncheng + Hu Wenkang (Eds.): The Mysterious Lop Lake. The Lop Lake Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Team, the Xinjiang Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Science Press, Beijing (Peking) 1985 (bilingual English and Chinese throughout; expedition results from the years 1980/1981 with pictures and maps; a supplement to the work of Folke Bergman Archaeological Researches in Sinkiang. Especially the Lop-Nor Region , which the expedition members at the time was not known; can be borrowed from the university library of the Technical University of Berlin).
  • Alfried Wieczorek and Christoph Lind: Origins of the Silk Road. Sensational new finds from Xinjiang, China. Exhibition catalog of the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums, Mannheim. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007. ISBN 380622160X (page 106-133 with references.)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Article Konqi in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D064319~2a%3DKonqi~2b%3DKonqi
  2. ↑ Guójiā cèhuìjú dìmíng yánjiūsuǒ 国家 测绘 局 地名 研究所: Zhōngguó dìmínglù中国 地 ​​名录 (Beijing, Zhōngguó dìtú chūbǎnshè 中国 地图 出版社 1997); ISBN 7-5031-1718-4 , p. 119.; English also "Peacock River", "Maurya River" and "Konqi River".
  3. ^ Richard L. Edmonds: Patterns of China's Lost Harmony : A Survey of the Country's Environmental Degradation and Protection (New York / London, Routledge 1994), ISBN 0-415-10478-5 , p. 39;
    Impossible to Turn Lop Nur Back into Permanent Lake ( Xinhua / China Internet Information Center , September 10, 2004).
  4. ↑ also: Small River Xiaohe, Qum-köl
  5. ↑ LA = "Loulan station"