Langel (Wolfhagen)

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Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 1 ″  N , 9 ° 10 ′ 53 ″  E

Map: Hessen
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Langel (Wolfhagen)​
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Hesse

Langel or Langeln is a desert in the district of Wolfhagen in the northern Hessian district of Kassel . The settlement was probably abandoned in the 13th century when its residents moved to nearby Wolfhagen.

Geographical location

The settlement was located about 400 m north and east of the route of the Volkmarsen-Vellmar-Obervellmar railway line, which describes a sharp curve from west to north, and thus the industrial area in the north-east of the core town of Wolfhagen, at 244  m above sea level east of Landsberger Strasse (district road K 94) and north of the Mühlenwasser , before shortly afterwards, east of the desert, it takes up the Dusebach coming from the west . Far west, and west of the K 94, is the Hof Hauser, a former mill, in succession to the first-mentioned former 1258 Langelmühle ( 51 ° 20 '1 "  N , 9 ° 10' 44"  O ).

history

The local researcher Gustav Siegel (1861–1931) took the view in 1929 that Langel and Gran were founded by Chatti - Saxon farmers towards the end of the 4th century; It is more likely, however, that the place was not settled until the 8th century. The first written mention of the place can be found in 1015 as Langal and Lanchel; According to Landau, however, not until 1074. After that, numerous notes were made regarding property and feudal taxes, with various ecclesiastical and secular lords as owners of these rights. Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz confirmed the possession of a manse in Langel to Hasungen Monastery in 1081 . In 1151, the Archbishop of Mainz, Heinrich, confirmed the acquisition of an estate (praedium) in Nieheim , which Adelung von Gasterfeld had exchanged for five fields in Langel and four Hufen in Gasterfeld .

In the 13th century, a knight dynasty of only local significance named itself after the place, first mentioned around 1200 with Wicbert von Langel, who moved to Zierenberg after 1301 . A Volkmar de Lanchele and his four sons are mentioned in 1268 as sellers of property in Langele, and a Thilo von Langele was a lay judge in Wolfhagen in 1301.

From the middle of the 13th century a fragmentation of the local property and income rights is noticeable, which may have started earlier, without being documentary up to now. The former residents of the village, as well as the other hamlets in the vicinity, were probably relocated to the town of Wolfhagen, founded and fortified by the Ludowinger Landgraves of Thuringia in the first quarter of the 13th century, and Langel had a mill and a farm only the Feldmark , the parts of which were now practically available to changing legal owners. In 1255, the von Helfenberg brothers , sons of Eberhard II von Helfenberg and descendants of those von Gasterfeld, were certified as owners of inherited property in Langeln (and in Mühlhausen , Viesebeck , Viesebeckerhagen, Gasterfeld , Sarwardinghausen and Bodenhausen ) when they registered this property shared among themselves. In 1258 Abbot Bruno and the convent of Hasungen Monastery sold the mill in Langeln to Waldrecht to the mayor , Burgmannen , councilors and citizens of Wolfhagen; this was the first mention of the mill, which was later referred to as Langelinmühle and Lange Mühle. In 1263 the von Helfenberg brothers shared their property in Langel and the nearby Fridegossen . In 1264 Heinrich von Schachten sold the half of the Meierhof to which he was entitled in Langel to the Neuenheerse women's monastery , of which he was treasurer . The pleban Hermann von Blumenstein donated his fields in Langel to the pilgrimage church on the Schützeberg in 1266 . In 1269 Count Otto II and his son Albert V. von Everstein ceded the rights to their Mainz fiefdom in Langel to the Marien Altar of the parish church in Wolfhagen. And from 1270 the Hardehausen monastery also owned Langel through a gift from Eckhard von Helfenberg.

In 1326 Heinrich von Rodersen a . a. half the tithe at Langel to Archbishop Heinrich II of Cologne ; the archbishop complied with his request to enfeoff Count Heinrich IV von Waldeck the following year. From 1332 to 1344 the mayor Konrad von Helmern held half the tithe in Langel from Count Heinrich IV von Waldeck as a fief. In 1336 the brothers Friedrich, Werner, Rudolph and Johann von Helfenberg carried a total of 17 hooves to Langel, Alveringhausen , Bodenhausen , Vormedehausen , Gran and Engelbrachtessen , their bailiwick in Höhnscheid and the jurisdiction, the chapel and the Holzmark in Viesebeck and Viesebeckerhagen the Hessian Landgrave Heinrich II on fief. 1343 awarded Abt Dietrich von Hasungen a courtyard in Langele to Landsiedelrecht the Squire Rudolf (IV.) From Helfenberg.

In 1409 Rudolf V. von Helfenberg, landgrave Burgmann zu Wolfhagen and the last male offspring of those von Helfenberg, under pressure from Landgrave Hermann II, certified the reversion of all his allodies and landgrave fiefdoms after his death in 1414; among them were also lands in Langel, which he held as a Hessian fief. After the Reformation introduced in Hesse in 1526 and the associated secularization of the monasteries , the tithe in Langel went to the landgraves, who sold it to Georg von der Malsburg in 1554 for 1200 Rhenish gold guilders .

In the 16th century only the mill and the nearby Meierhof or Spitalshof or Siechenhof are mentioned. The so-called "Schleenstein map" of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel , made by Johann Georg Schleenstein in the years 1705–1710, names the long mill and an infirmary there. The latter is first mentioned in a document in 1417, like many leprosoria it probably had its own chapel on the Koppelberg and in 1796 it was declared to have fallen apart.

Todays use

The former Langelmühle has been operated as a small farm since 2001 by the "Hof Hauser Working Group for Human Education, Social Art and Agriculture". Several adults and a small number of young people living there as part of a youth welfare facility in a community with a small flock of goats and sheep, donkeys, horses, geese and ducks produce, process and use on about 6 hectares of cultivated land (pastures, forest and garden) and chickens farm products.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ See Paul Görlich: Wolfhagen. History of a North Hessian city. (Ed. Magistrat der Stadt Wolfhagen) Thiele & Schwarz, Kassel, 1980, pp. 19 & 31.
  2. ^ Gustav Siegel: History of the city of Wolfhagen in Hessen . Wolfhagen, 1929, p. 2.
  3. ↑ The place name appears in historical documents in several different forms: Langal, Lanchel, Lankela, Lankel, Langelach, Langela, Langel, Langell, Langeln. See Langelmühle (Wüstung Langel), district of Kassel, in the historical local dictionary of Hesse
  4. ↑ Historical-topographical description of the desert places…. , P. 173
  5. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners , Volume 3, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 11 - digitized
  6. ↑ Landau: Historical-topographical description of the desert locations ... , p. 173
  7. ^ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners , Volume 3, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, pp. 17-18 - digitized
  8. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners , Volume 3, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 18 - digitized
  9. ↑ Hereditary mortgage lending or lending against annual interest payment, originally common in cleared forest soil ( German dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm ).
  10. ↑ HStAM Fund, Document 86 No. 1180
  11. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners , Volume 3, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 21 - digitized
  12. ↑ This transfer of ownership included, among other things, the castle and village of Wolkersdorf , half of the tithe at Frankenau and Ernsthausen , the castle Gasterfeld and its lands there and at Langele, Gran, Alveringhausen, Bodenhausen and Engelbrachtessen, the court and the chapel at Viesebeck, the tithe at Helfenberg and Basic money and forest right interest from the suburb of Wolfhagen called Garthüßen (Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners , Volume 3, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 26 - digitized ).
  13. ^ Johann Georg Schleenstein, Lothar Zögner: Landgraviate Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel 1705-1710: Schleenstein'sche map. Verlag Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, 1985, ISBN 978-3-9222-9631-7
  14. ^ Medieval leprosories in today's Hesse, Klapper 1997
  15. ^ Georg Landau: Description of the Hessengau , 2nd edition, Barthel, Halle, 1866, p. 207
  16. ↑ overview of more than 1000 leprosories ; also http://www.urbs-mediaevalis.de/media/05_Gebaeudetypologie/Sozialwesen/Siechenhaus/Leprosorien_in_Deutschland.pdf
  17. ↑ https://books.google.de/books?id=s-0dBAPLk9MC&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false Marie Kalisch, Thomas van Elsen: Achievements of Social Agriculture in Germany. Perspectives in rural areas. In: Rainer Friedel, Edmund A. Spindler (Hrsg.): Sustainable development of rural areas: Improving opportunities through innovation and maintaining tradition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-16542-4 , pp. 195–208, here p. 204

literature

  • Paul Görlich: Wolfhagen; History of a North Hessian city . Historical city history Thiele & Schwarz, Kassel 1980, p. 296-297, 522-523 .
  • Heinrich Reimer (Hrsg.): Historical local lexicon for Kurhessen (publications of the historical commission for Hessen). Elwert, Marburg, 1974, p. 293.
  • Georg Landau : Historical-topographical description of the desolate localities in the Electorate of Hesse and in the grand-ducal Hessian parts of Hessengaue, Oberlahngaue and Ittergaue (= journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies. Supplement 7, ZDB -ID 200295-4 ). Theodor Fischer, Kassel 1858, p. 173 .
  • Heinrich Höhle: The submerged localities or the desertions in Waldeck , Bings, Korbach, 1931, p. 154, no. 100
  • Anna Schroeder-Petersen: The offices of Wolfhagen and Zierenberg; their territorial development until the 19th century. (Writings of the Institute for Historical Regional Studies of Hesse and Nassau, Volume 12) Elwert, Marburg, 1936, p. 106

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