Lazarevo

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Лазарево
Lazarevo
Lazarevo Coat of Arms
Lazarevo (Serbia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Serbia
Province : Vojvodina
Okrug : Okrug Srednji Banat
Opština : Opština Zrenjanin
Coordinates : 45 ° 23 '  N , 20 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 23 '18 "  N , 20 ° 32' 20"  E
Height : 76  m. i. J.
Residents : 2,877
Telephone code : (+381) 023
Postal code : 23241
License plate : ZR

Lazarevo ( Serbian - Cyrillic Лазарево , German  Lazarfeld , Hungarian Lázárföld ) is a place in the Banat in the autonomous Serbian province of Vojvodina . With approx. 3000 inhabitants it belongs to the Opština of Zrenjanin .

Surname

The place name is derived from the name Lázár , the family name of its founder, the large landowner János Lázár von Etschka, son of the wealthy Armenian Lukács Lázár from Szamosújvár in Transylvania . The place was founded as Lazarfeld and spoken like Las'rfeld .

The Hungarian name initially used is Lazarfalva, i.e. Lazardorf . After Hungarian was introduced as an administrative language in the Banat in 1830 , the place was called Lázárföldje . From 1860 onwards, only Lázárföld was written. By the law on the Magyarization of place names of 1898 this name had to be used as the sole designation.

Since the place was laid out at the point where five houses formerly stood in the wilderness called Martinica puszta , the place was initially also referred to in Serbian as Martinica or Pet kuća , the latter standing for "The five houses". After 1918 the place was renamed Lazarevo.

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geography

Lazarevo is located in the flat Pannonian Plain in the Okrug Srednji Banat , the central Banat , in the catchment area of the town of Zrenjanin, about 12 kilometers to the west .

history

Prehistory and Antiquity

The latest archaeological finds in Zrenjanin, 12 kilometers away, and its catchment area show that people have settled in the region since prehistoric times. No archaeological finds were registered in Lazarevo itself, but they were found in the neighboring towns of Banatski Despotovac , Klek , Stajićevo , Botoš and Ečka .

From the foundation to the end of the First World War (1800–1918)

Park in the center of Lazarevo (2006)
The Village Hospital (2006)

The origins of Lazarevo lie in the settlement of the Armenian Lukács Lázár in the neighboring Etschka . He was a cattle dealer and the son of a wealthy merchant from Transylvania . Lukács Lázár bought a large estate in the region at an auction in Vienna in 1781 , after which he moved to Etschka with his wife and four sons. Under Lukács Lázár, the Etschka settlement, which belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary , flourished. After his death in 1783, his son János Lázár took over the negotiations that had previously begun about the planned settlement of Danube Swabians in the region, which should make the land arable. The settlement was finally founded in 1800 by János Lázár and named after its founder.

In the first three years Lazarfeld was still part of the Etschka parish. In 1803 an independent pastor's office was set up by the patronage. In the following decades there were often inconsistencies and friction when renewing the lease contracts, which led to the emigration of several families.

The Catholic Church was built from 1807 to 1809. The originally slim and pointed church tower had to be removed in 1842 due to damage in the roof and was then given a rounded shape.

In 1831 over 250 people died in a cholera epidemic in the village.

From 1849 to 1860 the settlement belonged to the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temescher Banat .

In 1889 Lazarfeld was connected to the Großbetschkerek - Werschetz railway line . By decision of the Hungarian government in 1890 all streets had to be renamed, that is, given Hungarian names.

In the 1910 census in 1842 German , 32 Hungarian , 14 Romanian , 1 Croatian and 14 indicated another language as their mother tongue. 508 stated that they spoke the state language Hungarian. In addition, in 1875 the population were Roman Catholic , 13 Greek Catholic , 7 Protestant , 3 Orthodox , 2 Jewish and 1 Reformed .

Interwar period (1918–1941)

The First World War, in which 95 Lazar fields fell, sealed the division of the Banat . Lazarfeld became part of the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and renamed Lazarevo. For the first time since 1883, German could again be taught at school under the new government. The establishment of a German teacher training institute in Veliki Bečkerek (moved to Vrbas in 1933 ) was not approved until 1931.

The agrarian reform of 1921 expropriated the large German and Hungarian landowners and distributed their land to Dobrowolz (war volunteers) from old Serbia and Montenegro . This led to an incident on May 2, 1924, when 200 Dobrowolzen attacked 50-60 Lazarfelder farmers while working on their fields. 16 farmers were seriously injured.

In 1929 Lazarevo received electric street lighting .

Second World War and its aftermath

Until 1941, the Banat Swabians lived largely peacefully next to their Serbian and Hungarian neighbors as farmers and artisans . After the Yugoslav coup d'état of March 27, 1941 against the government sympathizing with the Axis powers , the defeat, occupation and division of Yugoslavia by German, Hungarian and Italian troops followed on April 6, without a declaration of war . This put an end to peaceful coexistence . On April 14th, German troops coming from Romania reached Lazarevo, where they were welcomed benevolently by the population.

In the Yugoslav part of the Banat , to which Lazarevo belonged, a German civil administration from Banat Swabia was established, which was subordinate to the Wehrmacht. After the invasion, the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen" was founded with the aim of getting Banat Germans to do military service. In late summer 8 Swabians from Lazarevo volunteered. However, the number of divisions could not be reached, which is why conscription was introduced for the Germans of the Banat in August . On Saturday, September 30, 1944, an advance guard of the Soviets, about 20-25 strong, with an officer at the head, arrived in Lazarevo from Krajišnik . They left the place again on the morning of October 1st to come back with reinforcements at noon on the same day. After a German counter-attack, which resulted in street fighting, the church tower was destroyed by German artillery. The attack was repulsed, resulting in looting, rape and arbitrary shootings by the Red Army .

The Yugoslav People's Liberation Army advanced in October 1944 and declared the Banat Swabians to be fascists , traitors and war criminals . The property, house and farm were mostly distributed to loyal Yugoslav partisans. Numerous men were liquidated and women deported to Siberian labor camps. Others were rounded up in tightly guarded villages with insufficient nutrition and high mortality rates . 308 Lazar fields died in the Rudolfsgnad camp . After Yugoslavia dissolved the last camps in April 1948, the remaining Lazar fields fled abroad. A total of 1238 Lazarfelder reached West Germany , 204 to Austria , 83 to the USA and 51 to Canada . Only 18 remained in Yugoslavia.

After the German population had been driven out, the Yugoslav authorities settled farmers from Bosnia .

Lazarevo today (2011-today)

On May 26, 2011, Serbian security forces arrested Ratko Mladić in Lazarevo, who was hiding under the name Milorad Komadić in a relative's house. On June 2, 2011, 23 out of 67 MPs voted for a motion tabled by the Serbian Radical Party in the city parliament of Zrenjanin to rename the place Mladićevo . The application was thus rejected.

Residents

  • 1869: 1,508
  • 1880: 1,581
  • 1890: 1,989
  • 1900: 1.813
  • 1910: 1.901
  • 1961: 3.313
  • 1971: 3.430
  • 1981: 3,480
  • 1991: 3,450
  • 2002: 3,300
  • 2011: 2,879

Personalities

literature

  • Michael Eisler: Monograph of the municipality of Lázárföldje 1800–1900. Gross-Becskerek, 1900.
  • Josef Kühn: Family book of the Catholic parish Lazarfeld in the Banat and its branches Klek and Jankahid. Self-published by the author, 2004.
  • Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800–1950. The story of a German community in the Banat , Munich, 1972.

Web links

Commons : Lazarevo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ B92 : Zvanično - u Zrenjaninu 75.743 stanovnika, na teritoriji Grada 122.714 (Serbian)
  2. ↑ a b c B92 : Lazarevo - poslednje Mladićevo sklonište (Serbian)
  3. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 Years of Lazarfeld: 1800–1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 21.
  4. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 Years of Lazarfeld: 1800–1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 24.
  5. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 Years of Lazarfeld: 1800–1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 24.
  6. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 Years of Lazarfeld: 1800–1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 24.
  7. ↑ a b zrenjaninheritage.com: Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture Zrenjanin (Serbian)
  8. ↑ oslazarevo.edu.rs: Lazarevo (Serbian)
  9. ^ Information page about Lazarevo. In: lazarfeld.de. Retrieved June 5, 2011 .
  10. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 26.
  11. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 29.
  12. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 29.
  13. ↑ Magyar statisztikai KÖZLEMÉNYEK, A Magyar Szent corona országainak 1910. Évi népszámlálása. Élső Rész. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (Budapest, 1912) pp. 366–367.
  14. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 49.
  15. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The history of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), pp. 74–75.
  16. ^ Johann Böhm, The German Ethnic Group in Yugoslavia 1918-1941 (Frankfurt 2009), p. 91.
  17. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 39.
  18. ↑ a b c d e Mladic's last refuge. , accessed on December 1, 2015 (German).
  19. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 61.
  20. ^ Journal of Foreign Public Law and International Law: Serbia - Ordinance on Internal Administration of the Banat
  21. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 61.
  22. ↑ Valdis O. Lumans, Himmler's Auxiliaries. The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945 (Chapel Hill 1993), p. 235.
  23. ^ Lorenz Lang, 150 years Lazarfeld: 1800-1950. The story of a German community in the Banat (Munich 1972), p. 64.
  24. ^ Lazarfeld in the Banat (1800-1950). , accessed on December 1, 2015.
  25. ↑ In Lazarevo everyone is behind Ratko Mladic. , accessed on December 4, 2015 (German).
  26. ↑ Sender: DNA sample confirms identity. In: ORF . May 26, 2011, accessed June 5, 2011 .
  27. ↑ B92 : Lazarevo ipak neće biti Mladićevo (Serbian)
  28. ↑ a b c d e Magyar statisztikai közlemények, A Magyar Szent Korona országainak 1910. Évi népszámlálása. Élső Rész. A népesség főbb adatai községek és népesebb puszták, telepek szerint (Budapest, 1912) p. 848.