Lellichow

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Lellichow
City of Kyritz
Coordinates: 53 ° 2 ′ 0 ″  N , 12 ° 27 ′ 22 ″  E
Height : 50 m
Area : 2.98 km²
Residents : 84  (Dec 31, 2012)
Population density : 28 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1957
Incorporated into: Bork-Lellichow
Postal code : 16866
Area code : 033976
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Lellichow is a district in the municipality of the city of Kyritz in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district (Brandenburg). The medieval village probably fell into desolation in the 14th century. At the end of the 18th century, an establishment was built on a part of the desert field mark, and a few years later a colony was created next to it , the core of the modern village. The place was incorporated into Ganz in 1928 . From 1957 to 2002, together with the Bork residential area, it formed the Bork-Lellichow community , which was incorporated into the city of Kyritz and dissolved at the end of 2002. Since 2003 Lellichow (and also Bork) has been part of the city of Kyritz.

geography

Lellichow is 11 km as the crow flies northeast of Kyritz. The district does not form its own boundary, but shares a boundary with Bork. The corridors 5,6,7 and a part of the corridor 1 corresponds to the former boundary of the village. The center is 50  m above sea level. NHN . The highest point of the former district reaches almost 57  m above sea level. NHN , the deepest part is the Borker See with an average lake level of 45  m above sea level. NHN . Part of the Borker See and the Borker Mühlenteich belong to the district. In the northwest, the Klempnitz flows through the area of ​​the district, here is another small pond. The valley of the Klempnitz, the Borker Mühlenteich and the Borker See are sections of a glacial meltwater drainage channel. The L14 leads through the village from Kyritz to Herzsprung and Wittstock. A small connecting road to Bork branches off in the village.

history

The place is first mentioned in 1307 as Lelechowe and Lelecow . At that time, a certificate was issued in Lellichow by the Brandenburg Margrave Hermann , in which he confirmed to the city of Perleberg that he would not build a mill in the flood channel ( vlutrenne ) near Perleberg. This was also confirmed in the same year by the margraves Otto IV and Waldemar . This suggests a certain importance of the place, at least on margravial property. The name is derived from an apl. Basic form * Lelechov- place of a Lelech. The personal name belongs to an urslaw. Root * l - like r. lelejat fondle, pamper or urslav. * lelja in r. lelja = godfather.

Ownership history

The Bailiwick of Fretzdorf, later also called the Fretzdorf rule , was assigned to Bishop Konrad von Havelberg in 1438 by Margrave Friedrich II . The field marrow of the desert village bordered (according to a description from 1704!) In the east on Herzsprung , in the south on Ganz , Teetz and Wulkow (correctly it should be called Karnzow ), in the west on Bork and in the north on Königsberg and the Kattenstiegmühle . In the 16th century, the field mark of the former village was divided into three, and a total of five ownership shares were formed, which ultimately led to the loss of about two thirds of the original field mark compared to the earlier district of the modern Lellichow. These two thirds now belong to the areas of the Ganz residential area and the Bork district.

As early as 1470, Bishop Wedigo von Havelberg lent the mill at the outflow of the Mühlteich (later called Lellichowsche Mühle or Borker Mühle) together with the village of Bork to the v. Klitzing in Demerthin and Drewen. In 1560 they received from then Brandenburg Elector Joachim II also a third of the desert Feldmark (the third against Bork and Karnzow). This third roughly corresponds to floor 4 of the Bork-Lellichow district. The mill probably died in the 16th century, because in 1598 and 1644 the middle pond, the pond site and the mill building rights were enfeoffed. Since 1662 this share was in the possession of Claus Ernst v. Platen, who was married to Anna Ehrentraut von Klitzing. However, the v. Klitzing secured a right of repurchase. In 1697 Heinrich v. Platen a new mill at the mill site. The mill was also used by the v. Jürgaß in Königsberg and the v. Gühlen claimed in full. Finally, in 1745 it was finally assigned to the Wittstock office . In 1712 the v. Klitzing to redeem the ownership share.

In 1504 Bishop Johann V. von Havelberg enfeoffed Engelke and Thomas v. Warnstedt on Fretzdorf, Königsberg and Ganz with a third of the desert field Lellichow (Telchow in the certificate) and half the lake and the mill site (Kattenstiegmühle) between Lellichow and Herzsprung. The V. Warnstedt received confirmation for this ownership share in 1523 and 1574. In 1618/9, the v. Gühlen over, Königsberg came to the family v. Juergass. This ownership share was divided accordingly. In 1697 the v. Jürgaß on Königsberg and the v. Gühlen in Ganz with the v. Platen around the Lellichower Mühle (or Borker Mühle). The mill was ultimately assigned to the Wittstock office. From 1698 to 1710 the v. Juergaß the mill in long lease. The V. Gühlen had shares in the court as well as hunting, logging and fishing rights. They also had fields and free herding.

In 1487, Bishop Johann V. von Havelberg awarded the Wittstocker citizen Trebbow the street court, four hooves (three in heart jump, one on the Feldmark Lellichow) and the fishing in the Lellichower See as personal belongings . The share later fell back to the bishop or the Havelberg monastery. Even before 1574, the Wittstock office of the municipality of Herzsprung and the v. Krüsicke zu Dannenwalde and Herzsprung left the use of the former village site and the guard on the Feldmark Lellichow in return for a cash payment ( pre-station ). That certainly only referred to the third that belonged to the office. 1706 came the protection rights of the v. Krüsicke by hereditary path to von Stille in Fretzdorf.

The Wittstock office as legal successor to the Bishop of Havelberg still had a third of the Lellichow field mark.

Village history

In the land book of Charles IV of 1375, the place is listed under Fretzdorf Castle and described as follows:

“Lelchow 17 mansi, super quibus dominus have precariam et servicium. Quilibet mansus 16½ den. Fire. et 1 quarter equatum siliginis, 1 quarter ordei equatum et 1½ quarters avene usuale. Et 11 mansi sunt possessi. Schulze, Landbuch, p. 24. "

“Item in villa Lelchow 17 mansi, quilibet solvit 16½ denarios et bini ac bini 1½ quarters siliginis, 1½ quarters ordei et 3 quartalia avene. Summa: 24 solidi 4 denarii et 10 modii duri vel 15 grossis et 1 sexagena. Schulze, Landbuch, p. 48 "

In the village Lellichow the sovereign had so of 17 hoofs the Bede in the amount depending 16½ pennies, two by two (bini bini ac) gave 1½ quarters rye, barley 1½ quarters and three quarters oats. In addition, the sovereign was still entitled to the services. In total the taxes amounted to 24 shillings, 4 pfennigs and 15 bushels of grain or a shock and 15 groschen. Of the 17 hooves, however, only 11 were occupied. By 1438 the village fell desolate; for what reasons is unclear. The location of the medieval village is not certain; it was certainly not in the place of the modern Lellichow. South-east of the center of Bork and on the east bank of the Borker See around the Forstweg residential area (in the area of ​​today's Bork district) lies the Alten Lellichow corridor (also recorded in the BrandenburgViewer). On the peninsula that protrudes into the Borker See, Joachim Herrmann locates a late Slavic castle wall and late Slavic cultural layers. On the other hand, the Wittstock office had in 1574 the municipality of Herzsprung and the v. Krüsicke zu Dannenwalde and Herzsprung left the use of the former village site and the guarding on the Feldmark Lellichow for a cash payment. The third of the office corresponded roughly to the later demarcation of the modern Lellichow. That would mean that the village site could also have been in the area of ​​the northern part of the Borker See or the Mühlteich.

When in 1438 the Brandenburg margrave Friedrich II transferred the bailiwick of Fretzdorf to Bishop Konrad von Havelberg, Lelichow had already fallen in disaster. In 1472 the Lellichower mill is still mentioned, but as early as 1470 there is only talk of one mill. The mill was probably already desolate. In 1555 the farmers of Teetz used a third of the Lellichow field in exchange for a cash payment. In 1560 the field mark of the former village was already divided into three parts. In 1574 the village of Lellichow was used by the Herzsprung community as a haymaker. In 1596 a v. Klitzing (s) a third of the deserted Lellichow field of the municipality of Bork in exchange for lease as compensation for land that he himself had withdrawn from the municipality of Bork. In 1610/1 the Wittstock office built a free arche on its share of Feldmark Lellichow. In addition, three fish ponds were created near the open arch. Free arche and fish ponds were abandoned in the Thirty Years War and fell into disrepair. In 1697 Heinrich v. Platen on Demerthin am Mühlteich build the Lellichower Mühle (later called Borker Mühle). This gave rise to a lot of argument with the neighbors. The right to build a mill was challenged by the Wittstock office and the mill withdrawn. It was given to the v. Jürgaß on Königsberg initially leased, from 1710 on a temporary lease. In 1745 the v. Klitzing auf Drewen claims to the Borker mills, but these were rejected. It remained in the possession of the Wittstock office until 1872.

Lellichow on the Urmes table sheet 2940 Blumenthal from 1841

In 1731 a Vorwerk was built on the site of today's Lellichow. The Vorwerk was left in 1744 to the municipality of Bork for a lease. At that time the Vorwerk area measured 943 acres, with the exception of only 94 acres that had been added to the Lellichower Mühle. In 1763 the Moravian Brethren received the concession to establish a colony. The (Borker) mill and the old Vorwerk buildings were transferred to them. They received permission to set up factories and manufactories. They also received the timber for 30 family houses, a prayer house, a school and institutions for unmarried brothers and sisters. Also included in the concession were the courts and the patronage for a church. In 1765 they returned the concession. Apparently, the area was leased to the farmers of Bork again afterwards. In 1768 the leaseholder of Borker Mühle applied for the establishment of a colony in Lellichow. In 1776/7 an establishment was built at the old Vorwerk. In 1783 there was a colony of 12 apartments with a barn, stables and gardens. In addition, another colony for eight families was created. T. already inhabited, z. Some were under construction. 1791 12 Büdner, six cottagers, a Kruger, a miller and a blacksmith lived in nine houses. In 1796, 20 families lived in Lellichow, including Schulze and Krüger. Each family owned 17½ acres. The Feldmark (without the land) was a long-term lease. There was also the Lellichower mill. Also in 1801 the village consisted of only nine fireplaces (houses). 16 Büdner, three residents, a district gardener, a Kruger and a blacksmith lived in them. There was also the watermill. By 1814 the place had grown to 14 houses. In 1823 Anne Catharina Erdmuthe, born in the mill master, divorced from the mill master Fahl. Thiele widowed Wolf the leasehold water mill Borksche Mühle with two overshot grinding courses and a leather, fulling and oil mill. In 1837 the water, grinding and fulling mill belonged to a Müller Beyer. In 1850 the Wittstock-Zernitzer Chausseebau-Gesellschaft was founded with its headquarters in Wittstock. The aim was to connect Wittstock with the Zernitz train station. A road house was built at the northern exit of Lellichow (Lellichow 35), in which the road leaseholder sat and collected the road money. In 1860 four public buildings, 15 residential buildings and 29 farm buildings (excluding Borksche Mühle) were counted in Lellichow. In 1872 the Lillichower mill was assigned to the municipality. In 1900 the place had grown to 29 houses. In 1907 the community leader had 27 ha, five colonists 21 ha, 18 ha, 17 ha, 16 ha and 12 ha. A Büdner had 14 ha, the Kruger (innkeeper) 18 ha. The master blacksmith was also a farmer and owned 23 ha of land The master carpenter, merchant and farmer had 16 hectares of land. A teacher and a reindeer also lived in the village. A miller lived in the Borker Mühle. Around 1900 there was a windmill to the east of the Borker Mühle, a little south of the road to Lellichow. It no longer existed in 1919. In 1911 the Bork-Lellichow volunteer fire brigade was founded. In 1935 a fire water pond was created in the village because the cistern had dried up.

Seal of the municipal council of Lellichow (between 1850 and 1923)

The school for Bork and Lellichow was built in 1930, halfway between the two villages, exactly on the boundary at the time (today Borker Strasse No. 1).

After the Second World War there were no expropriations in Lellichow; there were no goods over 100 ha. A first LPG type III "unity" with 16 members and 65 ha of agricultural land was dissolved again in 1953. In 1955 the LPG Type III "Märkischer Sand" Bork-Lellichow was founded. It was merged with LPG Type III in Drewen and Wutike as early as 1959 . In 1964 the LPG type III "Märkischer Sand" Bork-Lellichow was re-established. In 1978 the LPG Tierproduktion Bork-Lellichow was founded with headquarters in Lellichow. In 1991 the LPG was in liquidation and was dissolved in 1994.

Population development from 1791 to 1925
year 1791 1801 1817 1837 1858 1871 1890 1910 1925
Residents 98 107 115 118 154 145 149 128 108 126

Political and Communal History

In the late Middle Ages, the old Lellichow belonged to the Fretzdorf rule, which was transferred to the Bishop of Havelberg in 1438. The episcopal property was later incorporated into the sovereign domain property as the Wittstock office. It is true that the Wittstock office retained the nominal overlordship over the field of old Lellichow. However, two thirds were further lent and were ultimately incorporated into the Bork, Königsberg, Ganz and Herzsprung districts. The modern Lellichow was finally founded on the third that the Wittstock office had in direct possession. In 1817 Prignitz was divided into the two districts of Westprignitz and Ostprignitz . In 1872 the Wittstock office was dissolved and Lellichow became an independent municipality in the Ostprignitz district. In 1928 the community Lellichow was combined with the manor district Ganz to form the new community Ganz. In the district reform of 1952, the district of Ostprignitz was dissolved; Entire (including Lellichow) came to the Kyritz district . On January 1, 1957, Lellichow was spun off from Ganz and merged with Bork. In 1992 Bork-Lellichow merged with six other communities and the city of Kyritz to form the Kyritz office . In 1992 the district of Kyritz was merged with the districts of Wittstock and Neuruppin to form the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin. In 2002 Bork-Lellichow was incorporated into the city of Kyritz and dissolved. Since 2003 Lellichow (and also Bork) has been a district of the city of Kyritz with a local advisory board and local mayor. The local advisory board consists of three members who elect the mayor from among their number.

Church affiliation

Lellichow has no church; just a bell cage that was renovated in 2003. The community had been churched after Teetz since it was re-established in the 18th century. In 1967 the parish of Teetz was spun off from the Herzsprung parish and incorporated into the Königsberg parish . Today (2015) the parish of Königsberg with Teet, Ganz, Bork and Lellichow belongs to the Evangelical Parish Papenbruch of the Wittstock-Ruppin Church District.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin lists only one monument for the area of ​​Lellichow

  • Village school in Borker Straße 1 (from 1930)

In the area of ​​the Lellichow district there are also three archaeological monuments

  • No. 100161 Hall 4,7: a settlement of prehistory and early history
  • No. 100164 Hall 7: a settlement of prehistory and early history
  • No. 100165 Hall 1,7: a mill of the German Middle Ages and the modern era (Borker Mühle or Lellichower Mühle)

Mühlenteich nature reserve

The greater part of the Mühlenteich nature reserve belongs to the area of ​​the Lellichow district . In the nature reserve there is the Bork mill pond and wetlands along the Klempnitz, which flows into the Bork mill pond. The now defunct Borker Mühle (formerly also called Lellichower Mühle) was located at the outflow of the mill pond. The nature reserve is part of a glacial meltwater drainage channel that continues in the south in the Kyritz chain of lakes.

supporting documents

literature

  • Historical Gazetteer Brandenburg - Part 1 - Prignitz - A-M . Modifications made by Lieselott Enders . In: Klaus Neitmann (Ed.): Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (State Archive Potsdam) - Volume 3 . Founded by Friedrich Beck . Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-88372-032-6 , pp. 491 ff .
  • Georg Wilhelm von Raumer: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis continuatus: Collection of unprinted documents on the history of Brandenburg. Volume 1. IV, 315 pp., Berlin, Nicolai, 1831 (hereinafter abbreviated to Raumer Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, 1 with corresponding page number)
  • Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. 470 p., Commission publisher by Gsellius, Berlin 1940 (p. 47/8)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history, Volume 3. 512 S., Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books (p. 352)
  2. ^ Sophie Wauer: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch. Part 6 The place names of the Prignitz. 481 p., Weimar, Hermann Böhlaus successor, 1989 (p. 157).
  3. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XXV. Tape. 500 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (p. 107)
  4. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: BrandenburgViewer: Field name Alten Lellichow (longer loading time)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / bb-viewer.geobasis-bb.de
  5. ↑ Joachim Herrmann: The prehistoric and early historical castle walls of Greater Berlin and the Potsdam district. VII, 229 pp., Berlin, Akademie-Verl., 1960 (series of publications: Handbook of prehistoric ramparts and weir systems, 2, German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Section for Prehistory and Protohistory as well as publications of the Section for Prehistory and Early History, 9, German Academy of Sciences in Berlin / Central Institute for Ancient History and Archeology) (p. 149)
  6. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, extra sheet for the 10th issue of the Official Gazette of March 7, 1823 online at Google Books
  7. ↑ Königlich-Prussisches Kammergericht: Topography of the lower courts of the Kurmark Brandenburg and the parts of the state that are struck for them. Compiled from official sources under the supervision of the Court of Appeal. 311 S., Berlin, Ludwig Oehmigke, 1837 Online at Google Books
  8. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, special edition to the 29th issue of the Official Gazette of July 18, 1850: Statute for the Wittstock-Zernitzer Chausseebau-Gesellschaft online at Google Books
  9. ↑ Measurement table 2940 Wutikw from 1919
  10. ↑ Ortschronik Lellichow ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kyritzer-seenkette.de
  11. ↑ Photo of the old school in Bork on www.panoramio.com
  12. ↑ Ortschronik Bork ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kyritzer-seenkette.de
  13. ↑ Enders & Neitmann, Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg, Prignitz, pp. 491–494.
  14. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 October 19, district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin PDF
  15. ↑ Main statutes of the Hanseatic City of Kyritz from October 1, 2014 PDF
  16. ↑ Evangelical parish area Papenbruch church district Wittstock-Ruppin
  17. ↑ a b List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: District Ostprignitz-Ruppin (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  18. ↑ Ordinance on the “Mühlenteich” nature reserve of July 24, 2002

Web links

Commons : Lellichow  - Collection of Images