List of Munich street names
Munich street names have been handed down since the Middle Ages, originally they were mostly based on local conditions. It was not until the 19th century that street names began to be given to honor people or to commemorate places and events. The decision on the naming of a street is made today by the respective district committee, if a street is named after a person, the city council.
The following list shows the names of streets and squares in the Bavarian capital of Munich and, if known, also briefly adds the year they were first named, the background for their naming, links to further information and the allocation to individual districts. Currently valid street names are given in bold , names that are no longer valid after renaming or building over are given in italics .
Due to the large number of Munich street names, the list is divided into alphabetically sorted sub-lists.
history
Middle Ages and early modern times
The oldest street names in Munich that are still in use today come from the 13th and 14th centuries: Rindermarkt (Latin as forum peccorum, 1242), Tal (1253), Neuhauser Straße (1293), Anger (today Oberanger and Unteranger, 1300), Kaufingerstraße (Kauferingergasse, 1316), Sendlinger Strasse (1318), Weinstrasse (1353), Burgstrasse (1364), Schäfflerstrasse (1366). The street names were initially mentioned randomly if they were of importance for the content of a document. It was not until 1368 that street names began to be passed on systematically with the introduction of the tax and court books.
In the Middle Ages, the name of a street always had a reference to the street itself. The naming was mainly based on the following criteria:
- for a larger building on the street, e.g. B. Burgstrasse
- for a known citizen or family living on the street, e.g. B. Kaufingerstraße, Dienerstraße
- after a professional group working in the street, e.g. B. Färbergraben, Ledererstrasse, Schäfflerstrasse
- according to geographical conditions that describe the location of the street, e.g. B. Anger, Tal
- according to properties or the location of the road itself, e.g. B. Weite Gasse, Lange Gasse or the distinction between two streets of the same name in upper / lower or front / rear
- the direction in which the street led (especially the streets that led to a city gate), e.g. B. Neuhauser Strasse, Sendlinger Strasse, front and rear Schwabinger Gasse (today Residenzstrasse and Theatinerstrasse)
For the most part, these street names were not official, were created by custom and were then taken up by the town clerks. If the local conditions changed, the street names could also change. So was z. B. in the 15th century after the expulsion of the Jews and the conversion of the synagogue into the church " Our Lady in the Crypt ", the Judengasse was renamed Cryptgasse (today Marienhof). The "Our Women Gässel" leading to the Frauenkirche was called Schlossergässel several times after the settlement of locksmiths in the 16th century (today Sporerstraße), but in the 18th century today's Windenmacherstraße was called Schlossergasse.
Since the area of the historical city was built from the construction of the city wall in the 13th-14th centuries. From the 19th century to the end of the 18th century, the number of street names has hardly changed since the Middle Ages.
The traditional street and house names were familiar to the locals, strangers used the house signs for orientation. It was not until 1801 that wooden signs with the street names were hung on the street corners.
19th century
From the end of the 18th century, streets and squares were named after important people, places or events that had no direct connection with the place. The street names lost their relation to the street itself and became labels that could be exchanged at will.
The earliest example of such a name was the renaming of Neuhauser Torplatz in 1797 to Karlsplatz after the then reigning Elector Karl Theodor . Such an honor was initially reserved for members of the ruling family. a. 1805 Max-Joseph-Platz after King Maximilian I Joseph , 1808 Elisenstraße after his daughter Elisabeth Ludovika and 1809 Karolinenplatz after his wife Karoline . This group also includes Maximiliansplatz, Adalbert-, Amalien-, Augusten-, Karl-, Ludwig-, Luisen-, Otto-, Sophien- and Theresienstraße and the Königsplatz, which were built in the new urban expansion of Maxvorstadt .
Soon people other than the ruling house who had made a name for themselves in Munich were honored by naming streets, the first being Benjamin Thompson , Imperial Count Rumford, with Rumfordstraße in 1816. Artists and scientists in particular were honored, for example the physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer with Fraunhoferstrasse in 1829 and the painter Peter von Cornelius with Corneliusstrasse in 1830 and the architect Leo von Klenze with Klenzestrasse.
From 1826, streets in Maxvorstadt were named after the battlefields of the Wars of Liberation in memory of victories of the Bavarian Army . B. Arcisstraße, Barer Straße and Brienner Straße. After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 there were similar street names in the Ostbahnhof district in Haidhausen , e.g. B. Balan-, Gravelotte- and Sedanstraße, which is why the quarter is also called the French Quarter.
In a ministerial resolution in 1875, the Munich magistrate was asked to take the history of the city into account when naming the streets . Such street names were sometimes made with a direct historical reference to the new development area in which the streets to be named were located. For example, on the Marsfeld , which used to be a parade ground, the streets were named after leading figures in the Bavarian Army. In the area below the old Sendlinger church , the street names are reminiscent of participants in the Bavarian popular uprising , which was bloody ended here at the Sendlinger Murder Christmas , and of the places they came from. The Munich patrician families (including Barth, Gollier, Kazmair, Ligsalz, Ridler and Tulbeck), after whom streets in the Westend were named, had no direct connection to this area.
Due to the incorporation from the middle of the 19th century, many street names appeared twice and had to be changed. In some cases, separate commissions have been set up for this purpose, e. B. 1890 for Neuhausen and Schwabing.
20th century
After the First World War , streets were named after the areas and cities ceded after the war. The lack of systematic naming of streets was increasingly criticized. B. incoherently localities, mountains, plants and the like were used. However, no solution was found. In 1928, the spelling rules of the Duden were adopted for the official spelling of street names .
At the time of National Socialism , numerous streets were renamed after prominent members of the NSDAP . In the old town , however, only the Promenadeplatz was affected, which was renamed to Ritter-von-Epp-Platz after the then imperial governor Franz Ritter von Epp . As with the renaming of the Stachus to Karlsplatz, this change was not accepted by the population and the old name continued to be used. Some streets that were named after Jewish people were also renamed by the National Socialists .
After the Second World War , the largest street renaming campaign in Munich's history took place between 1945 and 1948. In 1945, 105 streets named after people of the Third Reich were "denazified", in 1947 77 "militaristic" names were changed after regiments, military leaders and places of victory in the First World War. In 1947/48, almost 500 more street names were changed in the districts that were incorporated between 1938 and 1942 because street names with the same or similar names already existed in the rest of the city.
Since then, the naming of new streets has been based on the history of Munich , local conditions and traditions (e.g. field names ) and people who used to live in Munich (artists, scientists, etc.). In the case of closed new development areas, however, very specific topics can also be used, e.g. For example, at Arabellapark , which begins on Richard-Strauss-Straße , operas by Richard Strauss such as Arabella , Elektra or Der Rosenkavalier .
Publications
A first overview of Munich street names with the explanation of their origin was published in 1879 by Josef Fernberg under the title "Munich street names and their meaning". At about the same time, Major Adolf Erhard worked out explanations of the origin of the street names, which were published in the Munich address book in 1880. Karl von Rambaldi revised and added to these explanations and put together a book of his own, which he published in 1894 under the title "The Munich street names and their explanation". It contained the 800 or so street names that existed at the time and is still considered a standard work today.
An abridged version of the official explanations of the state capital of Munich was published by the building department in 1965. In 1983 this book was reissued in a revised version.
Today's standard works to explain Munich street names are “House and Street Names of Munich's Old Town” by Helmuth Stahleder , published in 1992, and “Die Münchner Straßeennamen” by Hans Dollinger, first published in 1994, with the latest, 8th edition 2016, while Stahleder is predominantly limited to the street names of the historic city center and also shows the historical development of the individual street names, Dollinger lists all of the approximately 6000 existing street names in Munich with a bullet-point explanation of their names.
designation
When naming streets and squares, a distinction is made between naming according to people and naming according to other criteria (e.g. field names, flora, fauna, geography, works of art, etc.). The district committees have the sole right to decide on naming according to non-personal criteria. The city council has the right to decide on the designation of people, which always means honoring the person concerned .
Principles
The following principles apply to the naming of streets in Munich:
- No streets are named after living people.
- Names may not be used that lead to confusion with existing street names, give rise to misinterpretation or mockery or which make local residents contemptuous.
- New street names should, if possible, have a common thematic reference to existing names in the vicinity (e.g. groups of people, geographical objects in a region, etc.), which makes it easier to find streets.
- New street names should be as short, simple and easy to understand as possible. For example, names that are difficult to understand phonetically or that are long and prone to spelling errors should be avoided.
Procedure
The current procedure for naming streets is as follows:
- Following suggestions from a district committee or from private individuals, the municipal department draws up a proposed name for a street.
- This proposal is checked by several experts, including the city archives.
- The proposal, which has been examined several times, is submitted to the responsible body for decision. If a street is to be named after a person, the city council (usually the municipal committee, in disputed cases the whole plenary) reserves the exclusive right to make decisions; in all other cases the district committee of the district in which the street is located can also decide.
Notation
As a rule, the state capital of Munich adheres to the guidelines for the spelling of street names published by Duden-Verlag. The following rules are important:
- Large and lower case
- The first word and all adjectives and numerals are capitalized, articles, prepositions and conjunctions are capitalized.
- Examples: At the main fire station, to the green oak
- Separate and combined writing
- Street names consisting of a noun (or a name) and a basic word typical of street names such as B. Street, alley, path or square are written together.
- Examples: Türkenstrasse, Residenzstrasse, Odeonsplatz or Schellingstrasse
- Street names, the first part of which is an unbowed adjective, are written together.
- Examples: Hochstraße, Oberanger
- Street names whose first component is an inflected adjective are written separately.
- Examples: Breiter Weg, Unterer Anger
- Street names with adjectival derivatives on -er of place and country names are written separately.
- Examples: Brienner Strasse or Mittbacher Strasse .
- It should be noted that not every ending on -er after a place or country name is a direct derivation from this place or country. So z. B. Aachener Straße written separately, as the street is named after the city of Aachen (rule 4). Schongauerstraße is written together, however, as it is not named after the town of Schongau, but after the painter Martin Schongauer (rule 1). Likewise, Augsburgerstrasse and Passauerstrasse, for example, are not named after cities, but after people, and are therefore written together.
- Multi-part names
- Street names in which the basic word is composed of a multi-part name are written with hyphens.
- Examples: Mark-Twain-Strasse, Thomas-Wimmer-Ring, Bad-Schachener-Strasse
Note: Despite these rules, it is possible that the street signs contain a different spelling or that different spellings are used for the same name. However, this is not a deliberate administrative act, but a mistake by the agency. This list therefore follows the official designations.
See also
- List of places in Munich
- Altstadtring (streets of the Altstadtring)
- Bundesstraße 2 R (streets of the middle ring)
literature
- Hans Dollinger : The Munich street names . 8th, updated edition. Munich publishing house in the Chr.Belser Gesellschaft für Verlagsgeschäft GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-7630-4039-1 . ( Reading excerpt ( Memento from December 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), contains the introduction and the streets from Aachener Straße to Ammerstraße)
- Karl Graf von Rambaldi: The Munich street names and their explanation: a contribution to local history . Pilothy & Loehle, Munich 1894.
- Building Department of the City of Munich (Ed.): Munich's street names. Munich 1965.
- Helmuth Stahleder : House and street names in Munich's old town . Hugendubel, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-88034-640-2 .
- Münchner Stadtanzeiger (responsible for the content: Fritz Elster, Süddeutscher Verlag): Munich postal code street directory with designation of the origin of the street names . Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1994.
Web links
- Official city map of the city of Munich with street directory (requires Java)
- City administration / municipal department / geodata service: New street names since 1996
- Munich Wiki: List of Munich street names
Individual evidence
- ^ Munich City Archives, holdings of street names 40/66 / 1–7 . In it the lists "Street naming 1945" and "Compilation of the gem. City council resolution of November 5, 46, December 3, 46, January 14, 1947 renamed streets and squares in Munich ”.
- ↑ Annette Baronikians: (The denazification of Munich street names began yesterday 50 years ago) The governors of terror are being dismantled - 105 streets and squares were renamed on the orders of the Americans / later also militaristic terms were deleted. Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 26, 1995, p. 33.
- ^ 50 years of Munich district committees . Edited by the Press and Information Office of the City of Munich, IFOVA Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 1997. In it as an annotated supplement reprint of the Munich Patent Map 1949 (Falk Verlag) with the register “Street renaming 1948”.
- ↑ Stahleder: House and street names. P. 7.
- ^ "The Munich street names" in the catalog of the German National Library , Hans Dollinger , Munich publishing house in the Chr. Belser Gesellschaft für Verlagsgeschäft GmbH & Co. KG Munich, 8th updated edition 2016, ISBN = 978-3-7630-4039-1
- ↑ WStraßennamen- and house number statutes. In: muenchen.de. City of Munich, municipal department, accessed on May 28, 2018 .
- ^ Dollinger: The Munich street names. P. 9.
- ↑ Duden, The German orthography. 24th edition. 2006, rules K161-162.
- ↑ Official regulation of German spelling. Sections 37, 38, 49, 50, 60