List of Main ferries in the district of Kitzingen

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The Schwarzenau Main Ferry, Ludwig Richter 1835
The Nordheim Main ferry

The list of Main ferries in the district of Kitzingen includes all existing and former ferry connections across the Main in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen . Today there are only four Main ferries in the district, but seven other ferry connections were operated until the middle of the 20th century.

Historical background

The Main ferries probably emerged from the fords that were already known in prehistoric and early historical times. At that time the river was wider, shallower and in several places much more islands. Initially, the passages were not generally known, but were kept as secrets by the village communities. During the early Middle Ages , old roads were established, especially at the fords at the exit of the side valleys. Schwarzenau , Fahr and Kitzingen in particular were important transition points.

The strangers who wanted to cross the river needed the locals, who were rewarded accordingly. From this the so-called ferrymen developed, which were also included in the respective village sagas . During the Middle Ages, many ferries were built at the Maindreieck, which now displaced the memory of the fords. At first the ferries were sole proprietorships. The municipalities only had tariff supervision and basically ensured the continuity of the connection.

It was only at the end of the Middle Ages that the feudal lords were able to define the rights in the village regulations . They viewed the ferries as a safe source of income and also took care of traffic control. After the mediatization , the gentlemen tried to keep their ancestral rights, especially the gentlemen of Mauchenheim, known as Bechtolsheim , succeeded in doing so in their former possessions. In factories where the costs exceeded the income, attempts were quickly made to sell the ferry to the community.

In the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the ferries lost their importance for transport. Technically, they were now supervised by the road and river construction authorities and mostly developed into subsidy companies for the communities. You needed a suitable watercraft, an arrival and departure, a landing and an apartment for the ferry. For the most part, the companies were now leased to ferrymen by the communities and given up in the second half of the 20th century due to insufficient profitability.

The ferries have also undergone some changes over the centuries. Initially, simple trees were used , which were later converted into so-called shelves with a platform. Most recently, metal ferries were established that were either guided on a chain in the river bed or on a so-called high rope system. After the Main was expanded into a major shipping route, the boats were mostly replaced by motor ferries. The preserved farms are today sights and are used for tourism.

List of main ferries

The list is based on the two essays The fords and ferries in the district of Kitzingen by Otto Selzer. The ferry stations in the old Kitzingen district before 1972 are mentioned in detail here. The ferry locations were supplemented by the facilities in the old district of Gerolzhofen , especially the ferries on the Volkacher Mainschleife . The essays by Stefan Meusert deserve special mention here. Only the ferry in Koehler is not mentioned in the literature.

The list is structured according to the ferry location and its location upstream on the Main. Your status describes the current status of the ferry connection: Either it still exists or it has already been terminated. The Connection column lists the places on the river banks, while the Main kilometer shows the measurement of the river length. The ferry type lists the types of ships that ensured the crossing today or in the past. Under the column geocoordinate the ferry landing can be accurately identified and notes the historical context data of the respective ferry are included.

Main ferry
(ferry law) 		status Connection
(places) 		Main kilometer
(location) 		Ferry type Geocoordinate Remarks
Main ferry Segnitz dissolved Segnitz - Marktbreit --- Schelch and Nachen, later a motor ferry 49 ° 40 ′ 11.3 "  N , 10 ° 8 ′ 39.5"  E The ferry was first mentioned in 1454. The Segnitzer ferries were called "Fergen" and were assigned to the court in Niedernbreit. In the 19th century, the timber trade on the Main increased and made transport by ferry more difficult. With the construction of the Main Bridge in 1893, the ferry was shut down. After the Main Bridge was blown up in 1945, a ferry ran again briefly.
Main ferry Marktsteft dissolved Marktsteft - Sulzfeld am Main 281.24 Schelch and Nachenfähre, from 1897 motor ferry 49 ° 41 '43.5 "  N , 10 ° 7' 49.8"  E In the Middle Ages, the Lords of Hohenlohe and the Würzburg Dompropstei shared the ferry rights in Marktsteft. During the 19th century, attempts were made to renew the ferry again and again. In 1890 the construction of a chain ferry failed, with the First World War the construction of a high-wire ferry was postponed. The construction of a high-wire ferry was stopped again after the Second World War. In 1955 the ferry rights were given to the municipality of Sulzfeld am Main.
Main ferry Sulzfeld am Main dissolved Sulzfeld am Main - Marktsteft --- Schelch ferry, from 1955 motor ferry 49 ° 42 '30.2 "  N , 10 ° 8' 9.3"  E The ferry was first mentioned in the 14th century. The Sulzfeld ferry was always exposed to competition from the more important connection in the nearby market. It was not until the 16th century that the population succeeded in gaining the same rights as Marktsteft. However, the ferry right was suspended during the early modern period. It was not until 1955 that the municipality was able to acquire the ferry rights from Marktsteft. The ferry was abandoned in the second half of the 20th century.
Main ferry Hohenfeld dissolved Hohenfeld - Kitzingen 285.40 Barge ferry, Gierseilfähre from 1912, motor ferry from 1956 49 ° 43 '15.2 "  N , 10 ° 9' 26.7"  E The Main Ferry already existed in the Middle Ages and was initially administered by the village authorities. The ferry was later pawned to various gentlemen. It was not until 1662 that the margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach acquired the ferry. The frequent relocations of the facility in the second half of the 20th century were characteristic of the Hohenfeld ferry. Eventually the ferry was abandoned.
Main ferry Kitzingen dissolved Kitzingen - Etwashausen --- probably a schelch ferry 49 ° 44  '24.3 " N , 10 ° 9' 52.3"  E The ferry law was based on the rule of the Benedictine monastery in Kitzingen. The ferry could probably only translate people. It lost its importance with the construction of the Main Bridge and was abandoned a short time later.
Main ferry Mainstockheim existing Mainstockheim - Albertshofen 290.61 free moving motor ferry 49 ° 46 '20.4 "  N , 10 ° 9' 26.5"  E The ferry was first mentioned in 1515. However, the ford had already been frequented at this point in the centuries before. In 1535 the ferryman's rights were established. Later the Lords of Mauchenheim, called Bechtolsheim, acquired the ferry rights in the village. The ferry was continuously modernized during the 20th century. Today the ferry is used in particular for tourist traffic.
Main ferry Mainsondheim existing Mainsondheim - Dettelbach 294.36 from 1959 free-moving motor ferry 49 ° 47 '58.6 "  N , 10 ° 10' 7.5"  E The Main ferry was first mentioned in 1555. Originally it probably connected the royal court in Dettelbach with the associated village of Mainsondheim. Like the nearby ferry in Mainstockheim, the system in Mainsondheim also came to the Lords of Mauchenheim, known as Bechtolsheim. The motor ferry was inaugurated in 1959. Today the ferry is mainly used for tourist traffic.
Main ferry Schwarzenau dissolved Schwarzenau - Stadtschwarzach - ( Gerlachshausen ) --- from 1839 Giers cable ferry 49 ° 48 '6.6 "  N , 10 ° 13' 4.8"  E The Schwarzenau Main Ferry already existed in the Middle Ages and replaced one of the most frequently used fords between the Würzburger Land and the northern Steigerwald. During the Revolutionary Wars in the 18th and 19th centuries, the ferry was often used by French soldiers and was therefore temporarily converted into a floating bridge. The ferry lost its importance with the construction of the Schwarzenau Main Bridge in 1890. However, it was not abandoned until the 20th century.
Main ferry Sommerach dissolved Sommerach - Neuses am Berg --- lastly the schelch ferry 49 ° 49 '25.6 "  N , 10 ° 12' 5.5"  E The Main ferry is first mentioned in the 17th century. It connected the community in particular with the pilgrimage church Maria im Sand in Dettelbach. The municipality of Sommerach leased the ferry to Beständer. In 1959 the ferry was abandoned.
Main ferry Koehler dissolved Koehler - Nordheim am Main --- probably a schelch ferry 49 ° 50 '54.2 "  N , 10 ° 10' 6.7"  E The ferry connection is not mentioned in the literature. However, it is marked on the original cadastre of Bavaria from the first half of the 19th century.
Main ferry Nordheim am Main existing Nordheim am Main - Escherndorf 307.35 W cable-guided motor ferry 49 ° 51 '34.6 "  N , 10 ° 10' 42.2"  E (W: location in the so-called Altmain, cut off from the canal) The Main ferry Nordheim am Main was first mentioned in 1473. For a long time, the Münsterschwarzach monastery held the ferry rights and granted it to various tenants. In the course of time, the ferry was repeatedly renewed, so in 1919 the system was converted into the high-wire ferry that still exists today. Today the ferry is mainly used for tourism.
Main ferry Astheim dissolved Astheim - Volkach --- Overnight ferry 49 ° 51 '45.3 "  N , 10 ° 13' 11.1"  E The Astheim ferry was first mentioned in 1409. For a long time it was part of the Carthusian monastery, which ruled the village. With the opposite city of Volkach there were always disputes about the crossing tariffs. Astheim was always exposed to competition from the more important Fahr connection and tried to modernize the system again and again. The construction of the Volkacher Mainbrücke finally ended the ferry's existence in 1892. However, it operated again for a short time after the blasting in 1945.
Main ferry ride existing Fahr - Kaltenhausen 311.14 free moving motor ferry 49 ° 52 ′ 31.8 "  N , 10 ° 9 ′ 47.8"  E The Main Ferry was first mentioned in 1479. For a long time, the respective village lords held the important ferry rights. The ferry was still of major importance for transport during the Second World War and was therefore bombed several times. After the war, the modernization of the plant was pushed. Today tourism traffic predominates.

literature

  • Gerhard Egert: The Nordheim driving regulations from 1603 . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 1-4.
  • Stefan Meusert: The ferry system in Nordheim . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 126-134.
  • Stefan Meusert: The ferry system in Fahr . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop 1993-2007 . Volkach 2008. pp. 115-121.
  • Stefan Meusert: The Astheim-Volkach ferry . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1993-2007 . Volkach 2007. pp. 106-111.
  • Otto Selzer: Ferry in Mainstockheim . In: Yearbook of the district of Kitzingen 1981. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Kitzingen 1981. pp. 182-197.
  • Otto Selzer: Fords and ferries in the Kitzingen district (1) . In: In the spell of the Schwanberg 1960. Heimat-Jahrbuch for the district of Kitzingen . Kitzingen 1960. pp. 103-107.
  • Otto Selzer: Fords and ferries in the Kitzingen district (2) . In: In the Bannkreis des Schwanbergs 1961. Heimat-Jahrbuch for the Kitzingen district . Kitzingen 1961. pp. 128-138.
  • U. Thomas: The construction of a main ferry connection . In: Hermann Pfannes (Ed.): Mainsondheim until 1993 . Münsterschwarzach 1993. pp. 35-37.

Web links

Commons : Main ferries in the district of Kitzingen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Selzer, Otto: Fords and ferries in the district of Kitzingen (1) . P. 103.
  2. ↑ Selzer, Otto: Fords and ferries in the district of Kitzingen (1) . P. 104.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Selzer, Otto: Fords and ferries in the district of Kitzingen (2) .
  4. ↑ Selzer, Otto: Fährer in Mainstockheim .
  5. ↑ Thomas, U .: The construction of a ferry connection .
  6. ^ Egert, Gerhard: The Nordheimer Fahrordnung from 1603 .
  7. ↑ Meusert, Stefan: The Fährwesen in Nordheim .
  8. ↑ Meusert, Stefan: The ferry Astheim-Volkach .
  9. ↑ Meusert, Stefan: The ferry system in driving .