Tired (Örtze)
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Tired (Örtze)
municipality Faßberg
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| Height : | 55-65 m above sea level NN | |
| Residents : | 2200 | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1977 | |
| Postal code : | 29328 | |
| Area code : | 05053 | |
Location of Müden (Örtze) in Lower Saxony |
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Müden (Örtze) is a district of the municipality of Faßberg in the southern part of the Lüneburg Heath . A state-approved health resort and relaxation area in Lower Saxony .
geography
The place in the district of Celle is surrounded by extensive forest and heather areas. The next larger cities are Lüneburg (60 km north), Soltau (30 km west), Uelzen (45 km east) and Celle (32 km south). The two rivers Wietze and Örtze converge in Müden .
history
Origins
_Heidesee.jpg)
At the confluence of the Wietze and Örtze, the Hermannsburg clergyman and local history researcher Ludwig Harms suspected a Thor sanctuary, which, according to the tired local history researcher Ernst Schütze, still existed around 800. The Christianization of the area began at the end of the 8th century, and according to Harms, there was already a wooden church in Müden in 866. The Müden settlement was located in the border area of the Loingau , which stretched from the lower Leine area to the Sothriet, Rodau and Örtze, and the Bardengau to the north. Until the middle of the 15th century, the history of Müdens is connected with the neighboring town of Hermannsburg, with which it formed a common parish until 1440. Until its extinction, the Billunger dynasty ruled over the region, which then passed to the Guelphs and until 1866 belonged to the House of Hanover .
Middle Ages and Modern Times
At the beginning of the 11th century, at the confluence of the Wietze and Örtze rivers, the first farmsteads, such as the Müllerhof, the Martenshof and the Renkenhof, which still exist today in a different function near the church. Müden was given its own chapel for the first time in 1185, but it was looked after by Hermannsburg . The construction of the St. Laurentius Church , which still exists today, began in 1189 and was completed in 1217. Not until 1444 did the final separation from Hermannsburg take place and the establishment of a separate church lord.
The Reformation was introduced in Müden in 1530 by order of Ernst the Confessor . The number of inhabitants was 119. Little is known about the damage in Müden caused by the Thirty Years War . From accounting documents of the parish from the years 1638 to 1650 it can be concluded that there was destruction and looting, because damage to the church had to be repaired and new sacrament equipment had to be purchased. Even the largest bell that cracked had to be re-cast.
For the year 1589 there is a first reliable record of the tired farms on the basis of a tax list, the so-called treasury register. After that, there were six full and two half yards, plus five so-called Kotenhöfe. The farmers owned a total of 483 sheep, 254 cattle, 92 pigs and 24 horses. In addition, almost every yard had one or more beehives. The tax list of 1589 does not say anything about the cultivated areas; information about this is only available in 1770. At that time twelve farms cultivated a total of 151 hectares of land, with the Müllerhof having the largest share with 22 hectares. Sheep farming with the typical for the region Heidschnucken had increased in nearly 200 years to 1,040 animals. In the years that followed, the importance of tired agriculture steadily increased.
18th and 19th centuries
From the middle of the 18th century, the local farmers recruited numerous craftsmen such as cooper , blacksmiths , carpenters and shoemakers in order to be able to use their services more cheaply than with foreign traders. With the introduction of a land reform in the Kingdom of Hanover , it became possible for the weary farmers to free themselves from the landlord's burdens from 1839 onwards. For this, however, the 25-fold value of the annual tax had to be applied as a redemption. Only the Müller and Martenshof managed to raise these funds themselves; the other farmers had to go into debt for a long time. However, this was not detrimental to the further development of the place. The number of inhabitants rose steadily, in 1821 there were still 333, in 1890 there were already 580 people living in the village. In 1852 the cemetery around the church, in which up to five grave sites were already stacked, was closed and a new burial site was created north of the village.
In 1867 there were 28 farms in Müden, and their number peaked in 1936 with 98 farms. In addition to agriculture, wood rafting was also operated on the Örtze until 1912. The wood felled in the nearby forests was assembled into rafts at the binding point and transported over the Aller to Bremen. In the last quarter of the 19th century, rafting reached its peak with almost 2,000 rafts annually.
After the Kingdom of Hanover became a Prussian province in 1866 , Müden came to the district of Celle with the district reform carried out in 1885 . At the same time, a gradual structural change began, away from the pure farming village towards the summer resort. Tourism was promoted by the descriptions of the writers Hermann Löns and Richard Linde , who also lured other authors such as Diedrich Speckmann to Müden. In 1889 the "Gasthof zur Post" was opened, which subsequently developed into a heavily frequented hotel (today "Posthotel"). The opening of the Beckedorf – Munster railway line with a train station in Müden on April 23, 1910, with which the connection to Hanover was made at the same time, was also beneficial for tourism . In 1913 the electrification of the place began.
20th century
The First World War had for weary among other things, the reception of refugees from East Prussia , the quartering of the 78th Infantry Regiment and the accommodation of French and Belgian POWs result. At the end of the war there were 22 fallen soldiers in Müden. In May 1926 the painter and graphic artist Fritz Flebbe moved to Müden with his wife and daughter. At first he lived in the house of the roofer Friedrich Stelter. Flebbe's seventeen-year-old son Friedrich was the model for his work “Homecoming of the Prodigal Son”, 2nd version. In 1927 Flebbe moved to August Cassier's house (today Unterlüßer Str. 24). There he was able to work in a more spacious studio for the first time.
“Fritz Flebbe on his new place of residence Müden:
I do a lot of drawing outside […]. I eat my way into the area, so to speak. And it's so beautiful, so inexhaustible, in the long run it's my landscape. "
With his move, a new phase in his works began for Flebbe. The color palette brightened significantly and his pictures show themes of rural life. He completed some of his major works in Müden. In 1929 Felicitas Rose bought a heather house in Müden, which she named "Haus Ginsterbusch" after her novel "Der hillige Ginsterbusch". In 1930 Müden became her main residence. Felicitas Rose and Fritz Flebbe also found their final resting place in Müden. The number of inhabitants continued to rise and reached 822 in 1928. In 1938, 1,162 inhabitants were registered. Until the outbreak of the Second World War , tourism continued to gain in importance. In 1931 a youth hostel was put into operation, the original Bauhaus style of which was highly controversial. From 1940 the youth hostel had to serve as a hospital.
From 1944 the tired population suffered from frequent air raids, triggered by British bombers that attacked the neighboring Faßberg air base. On April 14, 1945 British troops advanced against the Örtzebrücke. When a German command blew up the Wietze Bridge in front of it, the British tanks already in the area opened fire on the area, which resulted in some houses catching fire. The last damage was not repaired until 1949. The number of residents had risen to 1746 by 1946 as a result of the admission of expellees from the former eastern German territories. From 1949, entire streets were rebuilt for the new residents. In 1954 another larger cemetery was set up on the western edge of the town. In 1965 the grain and sawmill ceased operations, the building of which was converted into a tourist and cultural center in 1993. In order to increase the attractiveness of Müdens, a wildlife park was set up in 1971 and in 1976 the Örtze was partially diverted to an artificially created lake. The 6.5 hectare Heidesee was created, which is ideal for sailing, fishing and walks. With the focus on tourism, the character of the place changed completely within 60 years, in 1995 there were only four farms in the place. Today the place advertises with the attribute "Pearl of the South Heath" for its tourist offers.
On January 1, 1973, Müden lost a part of the area with about 50 inhabitants at that time to the neighboring municipality of Hermannsburg . In 1973, Müden was included in the Faßberg joint community and on January 1, 1977, it was completely incorporated into the Faßberg joint community . The last mayor of Müden was Günther H. Wilmsen, who held office from 1973 to 1976.
politics
According to the Lower Saxony municipal code, local councils or local heads are to be elected for localities (districts) for the duration of the election period of the local council. The municipality of Faßberg has determined in its main statute that local authorities are appointed for their localities. Since 1977 the following mayors have been appointed for the tired :
- 1977–1989 Günther H. Wilmsen
- 1989-2006 Otto Schaper
The head of the Müden district is Volker Nickel (CDU).
Culture and sights
Buildings
- It is documented that as early as 1438 there was a grain mill on the Örtze , which was powered by water power . In 1465 "Ole Müller", owner of Müllerhof Müden No. 1, received the sovereign milling privilege from Duke Wilhelm I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . To 1621, the flour mill to a likewise by a was water wheel driven, sawmill expanded, which was moved to the other side of the Örtze, today the multi-storey mill building from 1913 stands at the. During the construction of this mill building, a Francis shaft turbine with an output of 45 hp was installed to drive the flour mill. This turbine still exists today, but is no longer in operation because of the high noise level. The sawmill also received a Francis turbine with an output of 7 kW . The sawmill was in operation until the 1950s, the grain mill was in operation until 1965. After that, the old mill building served as a storage building until 1973.
- The building was renovated from 1993 to 1997 and today it houses the tourist information office, a library, a wedding room and exhibition rooms.
- Of the two Francis shaft turbines installed in an adjoining building, the smaller one of 7 kW is back in operation today and generates around 100–130 kWh of electricity per day via a generator . This is primarily used for self-sufficiency in the mill building. The excess electricity is fed into the public grid.
- A circulating channel was created around the weir system at the mill in the summer of 1995 , which again enables the necessary undisturbed migration of small animals and fish into the waterways above.
- In the center of the village, on a small hill, stands the St. Laurentius Church , which, typical of the heath region, has a free-standing wooden bell tower .
The Heidschnuckenbucks are examined
The young bucks will be awarded
The St. Laurentius Church
Architectural monuments
Green spaces and recreation
- The Wietzer Berg , a 102 m above sea level high mountain located to the southwest of weary and is a popular destination in the South Heath Nature Park.
Sports
In MTV Müden / Örtze von 1913 eV, the sports of health sports, sports badges, triathlon, handball, endurance sports, cycling, gymnastics, leisure sports and swimming are practiced. The association has around 1000 members.
Regular events
- Heidschnuckenbock auction
Every year, on the second Thursday in July, the “Heidschnuckenbockauktion” takes place. Here performance-tested young bucks present themselves to breeders and spectators. The best animals are awarded. The Heidschnucken bucks can be bought at the subsequent auction.
- St. Laurentius Market
The St. Laurentius Market in Müden (also known as the “Müdener Markt”) takes place on Wednesday and Thursday after August 10th. In 2017 the “Müdener Markt” celebrated its 800th anniversary. The starting point of the Laurentius market is the Kirchweih festival, which arose on the occasion of the establishment of the Laurentius Church on August 10, 1217. According to an old custom, the market begins in the afternoon at 2 p.m. with the opening by the incumbent mayor. The “Müdener Markt” ends with fireworks over the Heidesee.
- Mill Festival
The Mill Festival takes place on the second Sunday in September at the former mill building.
Natural monuments
- In the north of the village there is a natural monument , an oak that is over 600 years old, the Hillige Eeke (Holy Oak), with a chest height of 6.20 m (2016), probably a court tree in the past .
Personalities
Daughters and sons
- Gustav Adolf Küppers (born May 21, 1894 in Krefeld ; † June 30, 1978 in Müden, Örtze), German agricultural scientist and Jerusalem artichoke grower .
- Harald Küppers (* 1928), German researcher
- Felicitas Rose (born July 31, 1862 in Arnsberg , † June 18, 1938 in Berlin , buried in Müden (Örtze), real name Felicitas Rose Moersberger, née Schliewen ), German writer
- Fritz Flebbe (born August 4, 1893 in Harburg , † May 27, 1929 in Müden), German painter and graphic artist
People connected to the place
- Theodor Harms , pastor in Müden 1857–1866
literature
- Christoph M. Glombek: Chronicle of the municipality of Fassberg with the villages of Müden / Örtze, Poitzen and Schmarbeck . Fassberg 2002
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State-approved health resort and relaxation area Faßberg OT. Tired
- ↑ Gaue were established as regional administrative units in the time of Charlemagne around 793.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 223 .
- ↑ Mayor of the community of Faßberg
- ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017
