Marienbrücke (Passau)
Coordinates: 48 ° 34 ′ 21 ″ N , 13 ° 27 ′ 56 ″ E
| Marienbrücke | ||
|---|---|---|
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| use | Road bridge | |
| Crossing of | Inn | |
| place | Passau | |
| overall length | 225 m | |
| Number of openings | nine | |
| Pillar spacing | 8 × 26 + 17 m | |
| location | ||
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The Marienbrücke (colloquially often just called "Innbrücke") is a two-lane road bridge in Passau . It spans the Inn at the level of the cathedral and city theater and connects the old town with the Innstadt , the only district of Passau to the right of the Inn.
location
The Marienbrücke is the last bridge over the Inn before it flows into the Danube a mile further east and the only road bridge over the Inn in the vicinity. The next road bridge is upstream in Schärding, 19 km away . Closing the Marienbrücke would mean a detour of around 35 km for a trip from the old town to the city center.
history
Wooden yoke bridges
The first bridge was built in 1143 by Bishop Reginbert, who recognized its special importance for the connection to the east and wanted to spare travelers the dangers of crossing the torrent. He compensated the St. Nikola monastery for the loss of the ferry fees by transferring the parish of Hartkirchen and made sure that the bridge could be used duty-free for everyone. The bridge is part of the route that is known today as the Road of Emperors and Kings , which leads from Regensburg to Budapest.
In the course of the construction of the first bridge over the Inn in Passau, the St. Aegidien Hospital was built near the Innstadt . The income from the parishes of St. Severin and Münzkirchen was awarded to St. Aegidien to finance the Innbrücke, Spital and Spitalkirche, and in 1182 the income from the parishes of St. Weihflorian and Tettenweis was donated by Bishop Diepold von Berg . During the reorganization of 1182, the above-mentioned parish of St. Severin with the "Innbruckamt" responsible for the administration of the Inn Bridge was formally incorporated into the St. Aegidien Hospital . The office of "Innbruck and Infirmary Master" was associated with the pastor's office in St. Aegidia . In addition to the Inn Bridge, the “Innbruckamt” also managed the parishes incorporated into the hospital, which were to be assigned by the respective “Bruck pastor”. In addition to St. Severin with Schardenberg and Wernstein , these also included the parishes of St. Weihflorian, Kellberg , Hauzenberg , Kopfing , Münzkirchen and Tettenweis.
The wooden Jochbrücke , which had to be renewed again and again after damage from floods and ice and especially after the city fires of 1662 in the old town and 1809 in the city center, was shown in numerous views and maps. It stood in the same place as today's bridge, apart from the fact that today's left bridgehead was relocated a few meters upstream and no longer runs directly towards the Innbruckor.
Ludwigsbrücke
After five years of construction, a new building was opened in 1846, the abutments and eight pillars of which were made of granite stones. For the foundation of the pillars, wooden piles were driven into the river bed, which formed a ship-shaped plan around the pillars. The heads of the piles were connected with a grate made of oak beams, on which a one meter thick layer of granite blocks was built, which served as the foundation for the pillars.
The bridge is often referred to as a stone bridge, but this only expresses that the numerous wooden yokes of the previous bridge have now been replaced by massive stone pillars. The superstructure, as with the Danube bridge, which was renewed in 1823, consisted of a wooden suspension structure , as military considerations required that the roadway could be quickly removed and rebuilt. In honor of King I. Ludwig was Ludwigsbrücke called.
The Ludwigsbrücke was built for the traffic with ox wagons and horse-drawn carriages. Even if there was plenty of wood in the area around Passau, it could no longer withstand the increased traffic for a long time. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Ludwigsbrücke received a new superstructure made of riveted steel trusses .
When US troops approached the city a few days before the end of the Second World War , the Inn Bridge and other Passau bridges were blown up by an SS unit on the night of May 1 to May 2, 1945, after a Volkssturm group commissioned with it had steadfastly refused. The two outer pillars and four bridge fields were destroyed.
American pioneers then installed a pontoon bridge , which was soon replaced by a Bailey bridge .
Marienbrücke
Immediately after the end of the war, the repair work began on the blasted bridge, for which the existing steel had to be used for the most part. The abutments and the pillars were widened. For the superstructure, riveted trusses were created, the construction height of which was significantly lower than that of the previous bridge. The then conventional construction method of covering the steel girders with Zoresis iron or corrugated iron, spreading a layer of gravel on top and laying stone paving, could not be carried out due to the lack of steel. A concrete ceiling was therefore laid directly on the steel girders. The restored bridge now had a 6.70 m wide carriageway and cantilevered walkways 1.60 m wide on both sides, but its load-bearing capacity did not correspond to the old bridge, which is why the traffic was limited to a total weight of 18 t.
The Inn Bridge, the name of which hardly anyone remembered, was opened by Mayor Heinz Wagner on December 21, 1947 and renamed Marienbrücke at the suggestion of the clergy .
As of January 1, 1948, a bridge tariff decided by the Passau city council was levied, but only two weeks later the Bavarian state parliament declared it to be legally ineffective and abolished.
As early as 1959 it became apparent that the increasing traffic had led to sagging of various bridge sections that could also be seen with the naked eye, after the weight limit had meanwhile been increased to 30 t. As an immediate measure, the gross vehicle weight was reduced to 12 t; a renewal of the superstructure seemed inevitable.
In 1976, the half-timbered superstructure was finally replaced by a somewhat wider structure made of steel longitudinal and transverse girders with a steel plate as the road girder.
In 2009 and 2015 the bridge was completely renovated. It had to be completely closed to traffic for three nights in the summer of 2015, although it was ensured that the fire brigade and rescue vehicles did not have to take the detour via Schärding, but could drive via the Ingling power plant, which is otherwise inaccessible to traffic .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Alexander Erhard: History of the City of Passau , 2nd volume. FW Keppler's Verlag, Passau 1864; P. 193 ( digital copies of both volumes on Google Books)
- ↑ Johann Ev. Lamprecht , description of the kk landesfürstl. Gränzstadt Schärding am Inn and its surroundings , Wels 1860, p. 275.
- ^ Franz Mader, Parish history of the parish of St. Severin ( online , accessed on September 26, 2018).
- ^ Hugo Lerch: The dispute between the Passau canon and Innbruckmaster Johann von Malenthein with the Passau cathedral chapter 1544–1549. In: Ostbairische Grenzmarken 6 (1962/1963), pp. 249–261, here pp. 250–251.
- ^ Hugo Lerch: The dispute between the Passau canon and Innbruckmaster Johann von Malenthein with the Passau cathedral chapter 1544–1549. In: Ostbairische Grenzmarken 6 (1962/1963), pp. 249–261, here pp. 250–251. - Theodor Ebner: The anti-giant estuary. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 148, Linz 2003, pp. 257–284 ( PDF (2.2 MB) on ZOBODAT ), here p. 279. - Johann Ev. Lamprecht : Description of the kk landesfürstl. Gränzstadt Schärding am Inn and its surroundings. Wels 1860 ( online ), pp. 275-276. - Johann Ev. Lamprecht : Historical-topographical register or historical local directory of the land ob der Enns, as an explanation of the map of the land ob der Ens in its shape and division from the 8th to the 14th centuries , Vienna 1863 ( online ), pp. 133, 212.
- ↑ Alexander Erhard: History of the City of Passau , Volume 1, p. 313
- ↑ Bavarian Monument Atlas (cartographic representation of the Bavarian architectural and ground monuments by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (BLfD) )
- ^ Passau, December 11th. In: Der Hausfreund: an Augsburger Morgenblatt , No. 345 of December 16, 1846, p. 1378
- ↑ a b Stefan Rammer: The Marienbrücke is being repaired. In: Passauer Neue Presse of November 4, 2008 (p. 33)
- ^ Pechmann: Year books of building history , Volume 1, Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart and Tübingen 1825, p. 90 ( digitized on Google Books)
- ↑ View over Ludwigsbrücke and Innstadt around 1936. Photo from the Deutsche Fotothek in the SLUB Dresden - Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library
- ↑ Christoph Wagner: Development, rule and fall of the National Socialist movement in Passau 1920 to 1945. Frank & Timme, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86596-117-4 , p. 271 ( digitized on Google Books)
- ↑ a b c d A bridge from heart to heart. In: Passauer Neue Presse , No. 101, Christmas 1947, p. 7
- ↑ a b The hanging fields of the Marienbrücke In: Passauer Neue Presse, No. 63, March 17, 1959
- ↑ Bridge toll in Passau canceled again , In: Passauer Neue Presse, January 20, 1948, p. 3
- ↑ Renovation of the Marienbrücke - full closure in the next week. on Passau.de.