Maximilian Friedrich von Droste zu Hülshoff
Maximilian Friedrich von Droste zu Hülshoff (born October 22, 1764 in Burg Hülshoff ; † March 8, 1840 in Haus Alst near Steinfurt ) was a composer and friend of Joseph Haydn .
Life
origin
Maximilian (Max) Friedrich Freiherr von Droste zu Hülshoff was born as the second son of Clemens August I von Droste zu Hülshoff (1730–1798) and his wife Maria Bernardina von der Recke - Steinfurt (1733–1784) and belonged to the 19th generation his family. His godfather was Elector Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg (1708–1784), so he was also baptized in his first name. His older brother was Clemens-August II of Droste zu Hülshoff , father of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff , who was a good violinist . Other brothers were Ernst Konstantin von Droste zu Hülshoff at Haus Stapel , who also composed, and the provost of the Duke of Münster, Heinrich Johannes Franz von Droste zu Hülshoff . Determined to be a clergyman at an early age , Max von Droste zu Hülshoff, after theological studies, had already received the tonsure at the age of sixteen in 1780 and had become canon in 1782 , but then, after five years in this status, transferred his preamble to his brother Heinrich Johann, because he wanted to get married.
Marriage and family
When he - without religious and parental approval - on September 20, 1788 at half past four in the morning with his middle-class bride the bedroom of the pastor of St. Lambert stormed and forced marriage, which was a scandal in the city of Muenster . The hussar act succeeded although the pastor temporarily refused the required blessing of the marriage because of the lack of dispensation from the bishop. Because the marriage vows that the bride and groom gave themselves there was valid according to canon law after the co-worker happened to enter the pastor's bedroom and a second, involuntary, best man was present. The chosen one was Bernardine Engelen (born November 15, 1769; † February 8, 1827), eldest daughter of the Prince-Bishop's Pfennig Chamber Secretary ( Landpfennigmeister ) Joseph Engelen and Josephine von Diepenbrock. His wife, who was described as the “most beautiful woman in Münster”, was brought up in an institute in Liège , was highly educated in the spirit of the Enlightenment and her wealthy parents lived in a magnificent palace , built by Clemens August von Vagedes , on Engelenschanze in Münster. As a bourgeois she was still not considered a proper bride and this marriage was the first " mesalliance " in the Droste zu Hülshoff family after centuries ; nevertheless Max Droste was sworn up to knighthood ten years later, in 1798 . After the marriage, the young couple had to flee to Melle in the Principality of Osnabrück , then abroad, where the first two children were born. In 1792 the family moved to Coesfeld , where, thanks to an inheritance from the Diepenbrock family, they acquired land and where two more sons were born. The family was only able to return to Münster after the end of the prince-bishopric, where Maximilian bought the family's town courtyard at Alten Steinweg 5, to the left of the Krameramthaus , from his brother Clemens-August II von Droste zu Hülshoff in 1810 , and after its sale in 1817, he bought a house the cathedral square . After the death of his wife Bernardine, the older son, the ophthalmologist Joseph von Droste zu Hülshoff, bought the Alst house near Steinfurt from his heir , where Maximilian died. He is buried in the cemetery in Leer (Steinfurt district).
Hülshoff Castle, birthplace of Max Droste
House Alst. Max Droste's residence until his death in 1832
The Hülshoff'sche Hof to the left of the Krameramtshaus , owned by the composer from 1810–1817
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Since Max Droste zu Hülshoff only lived for music, material circumstances were limited before the death of his parents Engelen. The couple had two daughters, the oldest of whom died as a child and the second unmarried at the age of 32, as well as two sons. The older son, the ophthalmologist mentioned above, was among other things the father of the missionary Constantin Maria von Droste zu Hülshoff , who worked in the USA, and the writer Therese Dahn , nee. Freiin Droste zu Hülshoff, who married the professor and successful author Felix Dahn and, in addition to her literary work, also played the harp . The younger son was Clemens-August von Droste zu Hülshoff , later professor for natural, church and criminal law as well as rector at the University of Bonn, who was also a highly gifted piano player .
Musical work
Max von Droste zu Hülshoff obviously had his musical talent both from his mother Maria-Bernhardine, nee. Freiin von der Recke (1733–1784), of whom a fine self-portrait hangs in Hülshoff Castle , and of his grandfather Heinrich Wilhelm Droste zu Hülshoff (1704–1754), who is said to have been “a master on the flute” (for three For flutes and orchestra, Max Droste zu Hülshoff also composed his beautiful Sinfonia Concertante). Like the Romberg family of musicians , he also owes a great deal of musical stimulation to the musical life of Münster, which mainly took place in the princely prince-bishop's court orchestra; he had many of his works performed by the court orchestra. Even after the court was closed, he remained closely musically connected to the existing band.
Friendship with Joseph Haydn
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Although Max Droste zu Hülshoff called himself a dilettante all his life , he practiced the profession of composer , conductor and music writer at a high level. As a contemporary of the Viennese classics , he is wrongly overshadowed by them. After all, his work was recognized and promoted by none other than Joseph Haydn , a generation older than him , to whom it is also indebted in style. The contact with Haydn probably came about because Heinrich-Johann von Droste zu Hülshoff , one of Max's uncle, had close ties to the Prince-Bishop of Münster, the Cologne Elector Maximilian Franz of Austria , who supported Beethoven's training with Haydn. Haydn, then at the height of his fame, performed Maximilian's C major mass , the first Te Deum and his 4th symphony in Vienna , the center of the music world at that time, in 1800 and 1801 .
Compositions and their appreciation
Max Droste's Te Deum was also performed in Berlin and Frauenburg . His third Te Deum, which was performed on the occasion of the inauguration of Cologne's Archbishop Ferdinand August von Spiegel in 1825, is still valued as important today. In addition to chamber music , symphonic works, and church music , he also wrote three successful operas.
“It is not too exaggerated to say that the name Maximilian Friedrich von Droste-Hülshoff soon had a good reputation in Europe. While his instrumental works, but also the sacred music, have a classical format, his opera compositions go far beyond the high classics and in places achieve effects that are known to us from Albert Lortzing and Carl Maria von Weber "
Influence on Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
Maximilian Friedrich was the musical mentor of his niece, Annette von Droste-Hülshoff , who emerged not only as a poet, but also as a composer, piano player and singer . Even in her youth she talked shop and made music with him and his sons. Her uncle gave her a 1821 handwritten copy of his work over the basso continuo and wrote about it: "what follows that I durchstudiere gratitude all the work from beginning to end by heart learn. I cannot say that I would not like to do it, or that it would be difficult for me, since I already know some works on the basso continuo, but I have to put all my time into it ”. The poet also shared in his successes and wrote:
“I still have to tell you about my uncle Max's triumph; he had set a Te Deum for the homage ceremony; It was performed with great applause and then sent to Berlin with the report of the whole celebration, there it is said to have been performed and to have been extremely popular, at least about eight days ago Uncle Max received an extraordinarily large and heavy medal ... You can You think that Uncle Max is now floating in the air ... I should be happy if he should finally get the wages he deserves for his long undaunted effort "
The poet, who hesitated for a long time whether her musical talent was not her real calling, was her uncle's most famous student.
Music theoretical work
Maximilian Friedrich also wrote a music-theoretical work on the figured bass , with the help of which, for example, his niece Annette von Droste-Hülshoff trained as a composer.
Impact history
The work of Max Droste zu Hülshoff, as only two of his works had been printed, only found attention after 1925, when his granddaughter Therese Dahn handed the estate over to Hülshoff Castle . Karl Gustav Fellerer writes: “The clear sentence of the classics, combined with the pathos of romantic expression, draws Max Friedrich v. Droste-Hülshoff's compositions. He is one of the personalities of the transition, like Georg Joseph Vogler , whose art his striving for expression occasionally reminds us ... Maximilian Friedrich is not one of the great and trend-setting composers of his time, but inventiveness and good compositional skills have allowed him to create remarkable works. " In recent years some works have been recorded on CD or broadcast on the radio.
"With this important work in particular, the composer proves that he has mastered the compositional techniques of his time with great mastery and that he treats the orchestra with a great sense of color and sound."
Honors
King Friedrich Wilhelm III. (Prussia) , who composed military marches himself, thanked Maximilian's Te deum in 1815 with a letter and a medal, which he had composed to pay homage to Maximilian.
Works
- 3 string quartets op. 1, 1796
- The great Hallelujah by Pfeffel, around 1840
- 11 string quartets
- 3 divertimenti for string quartet
- 5 string quintets
- 16 Duettini for two flutes, op.16
- Variations for piano on Mozart's "Give me your hand",
- Variations on a theme from Haydn's "Symphony with the Bang"
- Variations on "Nel cor più non mi sento" by Gelinek and Kauer
Variations on your own themes:
- Theme con variamento for piano
- Allegretto with 15 changes op. 7 for piano
- 3 sonatas for piano four hands
- The journées ou IV parties charactéristiques pour le Piano-Forte
- Characteristic four-hand military clay piece for the forte piano
- Adagio for four hands
- Symphony 1-4 (Symphony No. 2 Militaire Symphony)
- Duo concertante for horn and bassoon with orchestra (No. 1 and 2)
- Trio Concertante for 3 flutes and orchestra
- Fantasy for flute, violin, horn, violoncello with orchestra
- Grand Quatour concertant for flute, oboe, horn, bassoon with orchestra
- 2 masses for solos, choir and orchestra (C, B)
- 3 Te Deum (1801, 1815, 1825)
- Graduals (Domine refugium and others)
- Offertory (Lauda anima mea 1825 and others)
- Tantum ergo for solos, choir, orchestra (1822)
- Alma redemptoris for soprano and tenor with organ, flute, strings
- 9 “Hymns during St. To sing mass for school children of both sexes ”, 1826
- Hymns and German sacred chants
- "Easter song on the grave" (Matthison) for solos, choir, orchestra, 1820
- “The Lord's Prayer” (G. Bueren) for solos, choir, orchestra, 1827
- “Farewell feeling” for trumpet, orchestra
- Recitative and aria “You are wonderful and terrible” for baritone and orchestra
- Romance “A Knight Drawn” for baritone and orchestra
- Songs with piano accompaniment
Operas:
- Bianca or the disarmed revenge (Walter Anton Schwick after Carlo Gozzi ), Münster 1799
- The death of Orpheus ( Johann Georg Jacobi ), Münster 1810
- The move in (Nesselrode), Münster 1811
literature
- Johann Holsenbürger: The gentlemen v. Eckenbrock (by Droste-Hülshoff) and their possessions . Munster 1869
- Karl Gustav Fellerer : Max v. Droste-Hülshoff. A Westphalian composer . In: Archive for Music Research , 1937, p. 160
- Karl Gustav Fellerer: Maximilian v. Droste-Hülshoff , in: General encyclopedia of music . 1949, p. 827
- Genealogical handbook of nobility, Adelslexikon , Vol. III, 1975
- Wilderich von Droste zu Hülshoff : Annette von Droste-Hülshoff in the field of tension of her family . Limburg 1997
- Wilderich from Droste to Hülshoff: 900 years of Droste to Hülshoff . Verlag LPV Hortense von Gelmini, Horben 2018, ISBN 978-3-936509-16-8
Web links
- Works by and about Maximilian Friedrich von Droste zu Hülshoff in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. The Town Courts of the Secular Nobility in Münster , pp. 753ff
- ↑ Dieter Dieter Klöcker / Gernot Schmalfuß: Text booklet for CD Druschetzky, Droste-Hülshoff, Schindelmeißer, 1994
- ↑ Mattias Henke on the Third Te Deum in an accompanying text for the CD Musik am Hohen Dom in Cologne , 1995
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Droste zu Hülshoff, Maximilian Friedrich von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Droste zu Hülshoff, Max von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German composer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 22, 1764 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hülshoff Castle |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 8, 1840 |
| Place of death | House Alst , Steinfurt |