Recke (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those von der Recke

Recke is the name of an old noble family from County Mark . The gentlemen von der Recke , also von der Reck , belong to the Westphalian nobility . The members of the sex are organized in a family association.

history

The family was first mentioned in a document with the Ministerial Bernhardus de Reke in 1265. In 1320 Adolf von der Recke was named as the squire of the Counts of the Mark and in the next few years other bearers of the family were confirmed as castle men of the county of Mark. The gentlemen von der Recke lived in Kamen and the oldest Reck possessions can be found in the area. However, the Reck family was not the ancestral home of the family, because it was originally called zur Heide and was only later named Reck after the owner family.

In this area, the two major lines, Army and Reck , were formed, which in turn split into many branches and could expand strongly to the east and west. They reached Livonia in the east , since the Recke, together with the Fürstenberg , had the largest share in the colonization of the Baltic Sea area by the Westphalian nobility. The different family lines are named after their original possessions, including armies and pagans . Also Schloss Heessen in Hamm belonged for over 300 years to 1775 to their regular seats. Goddert II von der Recke from the House of Heeren married Neyse (Agnes) von Volmestein in 1414 , the heir to the noblemen of Volmestein . The Steinfurt and Heessen lines were able to develop on the wealthy Volmarsteiner estate , the branch line of which Stockhausen later became established in the county of Ravensberg and in Silesia . In the wake of the Reformation , most lines converted to Protestant faith; however, the Münsterland lines to Heessen and Steinfurt converted back to Catholicism in the 17th century. Johann V von der Recke from the Steinfurt family wrote an extensive conversion pamphlet in 1651, with which he justified this step.

The Empire baron acquired members of the lines and secondary lines stretching 1623, Kurl 1653, Horst 1677 Uentrop in 1677, Witten in 1708, wenge Offenberg 1709 and Steinfurt 1717. The lines and branch lines Heessen , Stockhausen and Neuchâtel acquired the Freiherren- or Baron Title customary law or through Senate ukas . A branch of the Stockhausen branch was raised to the Prussian count in 1817 with the name von der Recke von Volmerstein .

The sex has produced numerous important members. For example, the Livonian Teutonic Order Master and German Imperial Prince Johann von der Recke from the House of Heeren († 1551) and the Paderborn Prince-Bishop Dietrich Adolf von der Recke from the House of Kurl (term of office from 1650 to 1661). Maria-Bernardine von der Recke-Steinfurt (1733–1784) was a grandmother of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff . Adalbert von der Recke-Volmerstein (1791–1878) was one of the founders of the Diakonie and Eberhard von der Recke von der Horst (1847–1911) was the Prussian interior minister.

Baltic tribe

In 1525 Matthias I von der Recke († 1580) , who came from the Heiden family, went to Livonia. His parents were Dietrich XIII. von der Recke zu Kamen († 1538) and Elisabeth von Hiesfeld, with whom he was married in his first marriage. Matthias I entered the Teutonic Order and in 1551 became Commander of Doblen. He married Sophia von Fircks († 1598) in 1564 and they had four children.

The eldest son, Matthias II (1565–1638), was brought up in Westphalia , and in 1592 he moved to the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia . At times he was also an officer of the Elector of Brandenburg . From 1617 to 1638 he was court master and thus senior counselor to Duke Gotthard Kettler in Courland .

His son Friedrich Johann (1606–1671) inherited the Blieden and Sturhof estates and from 1649 to 1671 he was court master in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. His great-grandson George (1692–1760) was the heir of Neuchâtel and Blieden. From 1727 to 1760 he was head captain in Mitau and thus responsible for the administration and court in his district. He was married to Anna Dorothea von der Recke adH Bieden and had two sons. The eldest son Diederich Casimir (1713–1765) had appointed his son Magnus (1739–1795) as heir of Neuchâtel. In 1771 Elisa married Countess von Medem , who became famous as a poet . Since Magnus had no offspring, his brother Christopher (1758–1844) inherited Neuchâtel from him. This was followed by multiple division of hereditary estates and land holdings among the descendants.

A renewed bundling and several inheritances ensured that with the district marshal von Tuckum , August von der Recke auf Neuchâtel (1807–1861), the noble family could call an extensive property in Kurland their own. These included Neuchâtel with Georgenhof, Neuhof, Dorotheenhof, Paueneck and Marienhof. He also bought the Oheln estate and had donated the Neuchâtel Fideikommiss. The Recke family subsequently belonged to the oldest and most respected families in Courland. In 1912 family members had eight estates totaling 25,461 hectares . After the expropriation in 1919, they were left with small residual goods. The National Socialists arranged for all Germans to be evacuated from Courland in 1939. The owners of goods received possessions in the Warthegau , which were lost again due to the outcome of the Second World War .

coat of arms

  • The family coat of arms shows a silver bar in blue, topped with three red stakes. There is an open blue flight on the helmet with the shield image on each wing. The helmet covers are blue-silver on the right and red-silver on the left.
  • The House of Steinfurt adopted the Volmerstein coat of arms, so that the coat of arms was combined with the Recke family coat of arms. This coat of arms is quartered and is still used today by the descendants of the Stockhausen branch.
  • The Count's coat of arms from 1817 is quartered and covered with a gold-edged heart shield with a floating golden cross inside. Fields 1 and 4 show the family coat of arms, 2 and 3 in silver a golden ball with three buffalo ears in a thief's cross (†  von Volmerstein ). Three helmets with blue-silver-red blankets on both sides, on the right the trunk helmet, on the middle one a crowned black eagle, on the left the ball with the buffalo ears between two silver buffalo horns († von Volmerstein). Two inward-looking, green wreaths around the loins, support themselves on a club as “ wild men ” as shield holders .

Historical coats of arms

  • Alliance coat of arms from the Recke-Stockhausen - from Westrup

  • Coat of arms of the Counts von der Recke von Volmerstein

Rulership rights

As owners of manors suitable for the Landtag , the warriors in the County of Mark, the Principality of Münster , the Principality of Minden and in the Duchy of Courland belonged to the rural knighthood . In addition to the patronage , the Lords of the Recke held areas of domination that were largely independent of the sovereign , both from a fiscal and legal point of view. These included:

House Uentrop (owned by the family from 1393 to 1990)
  • the glory of hair ; see house Uentrop (owned by the family from 1393 to 1990)
  • the glory bar ; see Haus Reck (14th century until 1787 owned by the family)
  • the glory of Stiepel ; see also House Kemnade (owned by the family from 1414 to 1647)
  • the Krumme Grafschaft Volmestein (Volmesteinsche Lehnkammer ); see Volmarstein Castle (from around 1100 seat of the Lords of Volmestein, from 1429 Recke, the goods until the 20th century, the castle ruins until today)
  • the glory of Heessen ; See Heessen Castle (from the beginning of the 14th century by Volmestein, owned by the family from 1429 to 1775 or 1810)
  • the glory of Steinfurt ; see Drensteinfurt Castle (from 1325 by Volmestein, owned by the family from 1429 to 1739)
  • Werdringen moated castle (owned by the family from 1437 to 1921)
  • the glory of Wulfsberg ; see Wolfsberg Castle in Lüdinghausen (owned by the family from 1537 to 1788)
  • Neuchâtel , Tuckum / Kurland district (owned by the family from 1576 to 1919)
  • Schmucken, Tuckum / Kurland district (owned by the family from 1576 to 1732)
  • Elisenhof, Tuckum / Kurland district (owned by the family from 1576 to 1919)
  • Berghof-Brotzen, near Frauenburg , Goldingen / Kurland district (owned by the family from 1576 to 1919)
  • the glory Horst ; see Schloss Horst (owned by the family from 1607 to 1706)
  • Gut Stockhausen (Lübbecke) (owned by the family from 1628 to 1979)
  • the glory of armies ; see House Heeren (owned by the family in the 17th / 18th centuries)
  • Gut Obernfelde (owned by the family since 1818 until today)
  • Gut Kraschnitz , Lower Silesia (owned by the family from 1845 to 1945)
  • Durben near Tuckum / Kurland (owned by the family from 1848 to 1919)
  • Paul's grace near Mitau / Kurland (owned by the family from 1848 to 1919)
  • Schlockenbeck , near Tuckum / Kurland (owned by the family from 1848 to 1919)
  • Mansfeld Castle , Saxony-Anhalt (owned by the family from 1849 to 1945)
  • Gut Schlesisch Halbau (owned by the family from 1862)
  • Parchau, Lüben / Silesia district (family property from 1892)

Name bearer

See also

literature

  • Constantin von der Recke-Volmerstein, Otto von der Recke: History of the gentlemen from the Recke. Breslau 1878 ( digitized version , digitized version ).
  • Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1931 . Book u. Art Print AG, Munich / Regensburg 1931.
  • Martin Sagebiel:  Recke (Reck), from the. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , pp. 233-235 ( digitized version ).
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility , Adelslexikon Volume XI, Volume 122 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2000, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Bastian Gillner: "In religion, not raped ..."? Confessional developments in the Münster nobility using the example of the Lords of the Recke in Steinfurt. In: Yearbook for Westphalian Church History 104 (2008), pp. 121–149.
  • The so-called philanthropic institution of Count Reck-Volmarstein zu Düsselthal near Düsseldorf . Kranzbühler, Speyer 1827 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf ).
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke , New General German Adels-Lexicon , Volume 7, S.382ff
  • Wilhelm Freiherr von der Recke, From the lord of the castle to the citizen. 750 years of Freiherr and Barons von der Recke and Count von der Recke von Volmerstein. A family history 1265–2015 . Heidelberg, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Recke (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Family tree in Stavenhagen, Oskar: Genealogical Handbook of the Courland Knights, Volume 1, Page 159 , Görlitz, 1939
  2. ↑ Noble family von der Recke - family and origin [1]