House Kemnade

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Rear east facade of the manor house
Well-fortified south side

The house Kemnade is a moated castle in the Hattingen district of Blankenstein . Its name - derived from the word " Kemenate " - shows that the aristocratic residence stood out from the surrounding farmhouses at the time with at least one brick fireplace.

Until 1486 the property was on the north bank of the Ruhr in the Stiepeler local area. After a flood that year, the river changed its course in a northerly direction, so that since then Haus Kemnade has been separated from the town in the southern Ruhr floodplains. For a long time it could only be reached by ferry before today's Kemnader Bridge was built in 1928.

As a fiefdom of the Lippe family , it had been owned by the von Dücker family since the 13th century . The von der Recke family followed them as feudal takers. After a fire in 1589, the owners had it gradually rebuilt until 1704. A farm yard was added at the end of the 18th century.

Although it is located in Hattingen, the Kemnade house is now owned by the city of Bochum , which acquired it from Ludwig von Berswordt-Wallrabe in 1921. The complex is home to several museums and a restaurant.

description

location

The plant is located south of the Ruhr on the former Stiepeler municipality area, which was not incorporated into Hattingen until 1929. Not far away are the Kemnader lake , the Stiepeler village church and the Blankenstein castle . A path through the Katzenstein nature reserve begins behind the Steinenhaus intersection .

The buildings

West side with arched bridge and main portal
Courtyard facade of the manor house with stair tower (right)

House Kemnade is a two-part complex in the style of the Renaissance and the Baroque , consisting of a mansion complex and a manor complex to the east, which is often referred to as the outer bailey . The outer bailey and the manor house are not separated from each other by a moat, as is often seen elsewhere, but stand on a common island, which is surrounded by a moat and is 125 meters long and between 50 and 80 meters wide. The local Ruhr sandstone was mainly used as building material for all buildings . The complex has a trapezoidal floor plan and is surrounded by a wall planted with chestnut trees, which was built to protect against the floods of the Ruhr.

A stone arch bridge leads to the arched portal on the west side, which is flanked by two square corner towers. The masonry of the buildings in the farm yard consists of Ruhr sandstone and brick . The courtyard of the manor complex can be reached through an inner courtyard gate with a wrought iron grille.

The unplastered main house is a two-story quarry stone building with a hipped roof , which is adjoined by a short side wing in the south. In the corner of the main and side wings facing the courtyard there is a narrow, round stair tower. On the northeast corner, the mansion is flanked by the most striking building in the entire complex: a four-cornered residential tower with three storeys and a hinged helmet. Just like the main building, it has cross-frame windows . A coat of arms stone on its eastern outer wall attests to its builder: Johann Georg von Syberg .

The east facade of the manor house has a richly decorated entrance, which was once the main portal of the complex, and some of the lintels are inscribed on the Kemnad owners from 1589 to the beginning of the 18th century. The arched entrance with flat ornaments on the west side of the main building is crowned by the stone alliance coat of arms of Friedrich Matthias von Syberg and his second wife Christina Isabella von Romberg zu Wassen.

The south-eastern corner of the complex forms a round corner tower of the manor house. It is considered to be the oldest preserved building structure and has keyhole cuts in the basement. They are the only authentic remains that testify to the former fortitude of the complex. The loopholes on all the other outer walls date from a time when they were only used for decorative purposes.

Interior

Wood carvings on the stairs

On the ground floor of the manor house there is a two- bay , late Gothic chapel with a ribbed vault and a baroque baptismal font . It dates from around 1500.

In the so-called knight's hall with its Cologne ceiling hang four tapestries from Tournai from 1725 depicting scenes from the life of Don Quixote . The showpiece of the room is the elaborately crafted Renaissance chimney decorated with coats of arms and inscriptions.

Also worth seeing are the wood carvings by a Schwelm master craftsman named Schmidt. Its two oval medallions with (forged) coats of arms adorn the hallway of the main building. The elaborately designed staircase with carved wooden figures from the 17th century also comes from the Schwelm workshop.

history

Residents and owners

Postcard, 1907

The history of the House of Kemnade is closely linked to that of the village of Stiepel, which was administered from there for a long time.

Coming from the old Saxon family of Billunger, Count Liudger received 1001 from King Otto III. Hof Stiepel ("Stiplaga iuxta Rhenum") as an allodial . His widow Emma von Lesum bequeathed the property to the diocese of Bremen in 1011 . The Bremen bishop Gerhard II. Zur Lippe formed a fiefdom from the Stiepeler possessions and probably sold it in the 13th century to his Detmold relatives, the then noble lords of the Lippe. Stiepel and the Kemnade house belonging to it remained the property of this family until 1809.

It has been proven that Stiepel was owned by the von Dücker knights as a Lippisches fiefdom from 1266 , although the oldest surviving deed of mortgage dates back to 1393. Wennemar von Dücker named in it is the first loan recipient known by name. His family is considered to be the builder of House Kemnade, the exact origins of which are still in the dark of history, but which was probably built to protect the Ruhr.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the von Dücker family died out in the male line. Through the marriage of an heir's daughter, House Kemnade came into the possession of Dietrich von Romberg to Massen in 1410 . Since this marriage did not produce any male heirs, the house and glory passed as early as 1414 through the marriage of Dietrich's daughter to her husband Hermann von der Recke. His family owned the facility until 1647.

Wennemar V. von der Recke had no sons, and so during his lifetime he handed over the fiefdom to the husband of his eldest daughter, Drosten von Blankenstein and Werden , Johann Georg von Syberg .

Since 1272 the rule Stiepel belonged to the county of Mark , which in 1521 became part of the United Duchies of Jülich-Kleve-Berg . After the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute , House Kemnade became part of Brandenburg and in 1806 came to the French Grand Duchy of Berg , which was ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte from 1808 . Since Napoleon abolished the feudal system in 1809 , the complex became the property of Johann Gisbert Philipps von Syberg.

When Friedrich von Syberg, the last male representative of this family, died in 1847, his sister Philippine inherited the property and married her husband Wilhelm Friedrich von der Berswordt-Wallrabe in 1848 . His descendant, the royal chamberlain Ludwig von Berswordt-Wallrabe, sold the Kemnade house and 500  hectares of land belonging to it in 1921 to the city of Bochum, who had the property managed by a tenant.

When the city wanted to lease the building in need of renovation to the meat manufacturer Reinhold Zimmermann ( Zimbo ) in 1998 , a citizens' initiative prevented these plans. Today's "Friends of House Kemnade and Grumbt Musical Instrument Collection" emerged from the initiative.

Building history

When exactly Haus Kemnade was built is not known due to a lack of written evidence. It is also not clear what the aristocratic residence looked like until the end of the 16th century. It is possible, however, that a moth has stood at the site before , but this has not yet been proven archaeologically.

An inscription crowned with a coat of arms announces the end of the reconstruction work

When the property was owned by Konrad von der Recke (also Cord von der Recke ) in 1589 , with the exception of the south-eastern round tower, it was badly damaged by a fire on the second Easter day of the year. Konrad's son Wennemar V began the reconstruction in 1602 by building what is now the south wing and a connecting wing to the preserved tower. Due to the Thirty Years' War and the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute, this only happened intermittently.

Wennemar's son-in-law Johann Georg von Syberg continued the reconstruction work from 1647. In 1663 the mighty north-east tower was completed. The stones for its construction came from the nearby and dilapidated Blankenstein Castle , for which Johann Georg was able to obtain a demolition permit from Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm in 1662 . The rebuilding of the Kemnade house was not finished until 1704 under Johann Georg's second son Friedrich Matthias von Syberg. The end date of the construction work is documented by wall anchors in the form of numbers and inscriptions on both the east and west facade of the manor house.

After Stiepel became part of Brandenburg in the 17th century, the nobility lost numerous financial privileges. In order to open up new sources of income, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Syberg zu Wischlingen had an estate built in front of the manor house in 1780. To make room for this, the western and part of the northern moats were filled in and new trenches were dug around the farm buildings.

After the marriage of Philippines von Syberg zu Wischlingen with Wilhelm Friedrich von Berswordt-Wallrabe, the couple resided in Haus Weitmar and therefore had all furniture and the Kemnades archive brought to their residence there, where they burned after a bomb attack in 1944. Only the firmly anchored interior fittings on House Kemnade are still preserved today.

In 1952 the first renovation measures were carried out on the exterior of the house, which was followed by restoration of the interior from 1958 .

Neighborhood

House Kemnade was initially on the right side of the Ruhr until the river bed shifted during a flood in 1486. An arm of the Ruhr reminds of the old course.

The Ruhrbrücke Kemnader Straße was built in 1928 and renewed in 1950. The Ruhrum flood bridge with protective walls to protect the drinking water protection area was built in 2002.

The Kemnader See was opened in 1980.

Todays use

The castle chapel, branch of the Hattingen registry office

The moated castle now houses various museums and collections.

As a branch of the Bochum Museum, around 1800 instruments from the Grumpt musical instrument collection and the Ehrich East Asian collection have been on display in the manor house since 1961. To this end, the Kunstverein Bochum organizes changing exhibitions on various topics.

Furthermore, Sparkasse Bochum maintains a monetary history collection in the former stables under the name Treasury Kemnade , while some other rooms in the main building are used by the restaurant "Burgstuben Haus Kemnade".

The farmhouse museum of the city of Bochum has been located in a four - column half-timbered house directly behind the castle since 1971 , where visitors can relive the lifestyle of the 18th and 19th centuries. The building is a typical Stiepel farmhouse, which was still used as a dairy around 1800 , before it was demolished in Stiepel at the beginning of the 1960s and rebuilt true to the original in its current location.

Since January 2007 the registry office of the city of Hattingen has also been holding weddings in the castle chapel .

literature

  • Thomas Dann: ... a wonderfully beautiful knight's seat. Kemnade House and its furnishings from the 16th to the 19th century . 2nd Edition. Schürmann and Klagges, Bochum 2001, ISBN 3-920612-84-1 .
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. North Rhine-Westphalia . Volume 2: Westphalia. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin 1969, p. 56.
  • Wilhelm Fenselau: House Kemnade in Bochum. Worth knowing about a Bochum cultural monument . Winkler, Bochum 1994.
  • Klaus Gorzny: Ruhr castles . Piccolo-Verlag, Marl 2002, ISBN 3-9801776-7-X , pp. 116-119.
  • Gotthard Kießling: House Kemnade . In: Kai Niederhöfer (Red.): Burgen AufRuhr. On the way to 100 castles, palaces and mansions in the Ruhr region . Klartext Verlag , Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0234-3 , pp. 130-133.
  • August Kracht : Castles and palaces in the Sauerland, Siegerland, Hellweg, industrial area. A manual. 1st edition. Knaur, Munich [1983], ISBN 3-426-04410-2 , pp. 255-261.
  • Albert Lassek: Burghaus Kemnade in the Ruhr Valley . Laupenmühlen & Dierichs, Bochum 1968.

Web links

Commons : House Kemnade  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ G. Kießling: House Kemnade , p. 132.
  2. ↑ K. Gorzny: Ruhrschlösser , p. 118.
  3. ↑ Quoted from Harald Polenz: From counts, bishops and cowardly murders . 1st edition. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2004, ISBN 3-89861-260-0 , p. 95.
  4. ↑ a b Raimund Trinkaus: House Kemnade. A brief outline ( memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) , accessed on March 21, 2007.
  5. ↑ a b Josef Bieker: Castles in the Revier . 2nd Edition. Harenberg, Dortmund 1993, ISBN 3-88379-586-0 , p. 118.
  6. ^ A b Gregor Spohr (Ed.): Romantic Ruhr Area. Castles, palaces, mansions . 2nd Edition. Pomp , Bottrop 1996, ISBN 3-89355-110-7 , p. 106.
  7. ↑ http://www.raimund-trinkaus.de/Beitraege/Geschichte%20des%20Hauses%20Kemnade.pdf

Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ′ 28 "  N , 7 ° 14 ′ 58"  E