Oefte Castle

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Oefte Castle in April 2007

The Oefte Castle , also called Oefte House, on the south bank of the Ruhr in Essen-Kettwig was a fiefdom of the Empire Abbey of Werden in the Middle Ages and was first mentioned in a document in the 9th century. The complex is thus one of the oldest mansions in the region.

The meaning of the name is something like "Waldhaus am Fluss". From 1424 to 1938, the ruined tower of Luttelnau Castle , known as the Kattenturm , also belonged to the Oefter property.

The palace complex and the surrounding park have been a listed building since 1985 . It is used by a golf club and is therefore not open to the public.

description

Aerial view of the castle

Oefte Castle is a two-winged building clad with rubble stones, which was given its present form in 1961 through renovations in the 19th century and repair work. Its wings are connected by a centrally located square tower. This protrudes like a risalit from the facade. It has a cantilevered battlement from 1888 and three windows with double central columns in the Romanesque style. The two-storey wings on the sides are divided into five axes by windows. The outside staircase in front of the tower dates from 1842 and was previously accessible via a stone arch bridge.

A map 1771 shows the lock nor a two-part system consisting of Vorburg and of moats surrounding manor . The outer bailey - like a former chapel - was laid down, so that no traces of the surface are visible today. The former moat is still clearly recognizable as a depression.

history

As Uvithi the surrounding found Honnschaft already 796 at the time of the Holy Liudger mention when this many around When goods are acquired for a monastic foundation. Like many permanent houses in the Ruhr Valley, at the end of the 12th century it was an upper courtyard with several associated lower courtyards . The court was transferred to the von Oefte family, who held the post of Drosten at Werden Abbey.

Since 1377 an open house of the Archbishop of Cologne Friedrich III. von Saar Werden , the lords of Oefte practiced robber barons from there during the 14th century . In the 15th and 16th centuries, the lords of Eller and the lords of Uhlenbrock were alternately enfeoffed with Haus Oefte.

Through the marriage of Gertrud von Eller, Oefte came to Dietrich Ottmar von Erwitte , a military leader in the Thirty Years' War, in the 17th century . His daughter Maria Elisabeth Ursula married Ferdinand Wilhelm von Dornick and thus brought Haus Oefte to his family.

Schloss Oefte on a lithograph from 1857–59

Numerous other owners followed in short order, namely the families von Winter zu Bromskirchen, von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels and the barons von Vinke auf Ostenwalde, before the castle in 1818 (other sources mention the years 1822 or 1834) through the marriage of Freiin Charlotte Louise Ernestine von Vincke came to Reichsgraf Werner von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg . His youngest son, Ernst Wilhelm August Graf von der Schulenburg (1832–1878), was Fideikommissherr at Oefte Castle. From his 1863 marriage to Melanie von Helldorff (1835-1917), a daughter of Carl von Helldorff , four children were born. In 1878 the son Günther Graf von der Schulenburg (1865–1939) inherited the Oefte Castle, and in the 19th century (1842 and 1888) the Hanoverian architect Ferdinand Schorbach redesigned the complex in the neo-Gothic style so that only the lower part was left of the northwest wing remains of the Romanesque complex from the 12th / 13th centuries Century. Today's landscape garden was laid out at the same time . In 1939 the castle was bequeathed to the son Günther Maria Ludger Aemilius Phillippus von der Schulenburg (1889–1971), who sold it to Hydrogenation Scholven AG in the same year. Around 1947 the Rhenish mother house of the Red Cross was housed in the castle. In 1959, the Essen Golf Club Haus Oefte eV, founded in the same year, leased the castle and the grounds. The golf course architect Bernhard von Limburger designed the golf course, which was put into operation in 1960. In 1961 the castle was heavily changed through renovation and repair work on the inside.

The Stroetrecht (from "Stroet" for shrub, bushes, thickets) also belonged to the house until the 19th century. This was the right to keep wild horses in the forest between Duisburg and Düsseldorf, which apart from the Duke of Berg only had a few nobility seats ( Broich , Heltorf , Böckum , Haus zum Haus , Groß-Winkelhausen , Oefte and Landsberg ).

literature

  • Paul Clemen (Ed.): The art monuments of the cities of Barmen, Elberfeld, Remscheid and the districts of Lennep, Mettmann, Solingen (= The art monuments of the Rhine province . Volume 3, section 2). L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1894, pp. 252-253 ( online ).
  • Ludger Fischer: Oefte Castle. Really medieval only since 1888. The renovation by the architect Ferdinand Schorbach from Hanover. In: Historischer Verein Werden (ed.): Stories from the Werden history. Volume 13. Historischer Verein Werden, Essen 2015, ISBN 978-3-932443-49-7 ( PDF ; 842 kB).
  • Ludger Fischer: Oefte Castle in Essen - a major work by the architect Ferdinand Schorbach from Hanover. In: Castles and Palaces . Journal for Castle Research and Monument Preservation. Vol. 58, No. 3, 2017, ISSN  0007-6201 , pp. 179-183.
  • Klaus Gorzny: Ruhr castles. Castles, palaces and aristocratic residences along the Ruhr. Piccolo Verlag, Marl 2002, ISBN 3-9801776-7-X , pp. 148-150.
  • Bianca Khil: House Oefte. In: Detlef Hopp , Bianca Khil, Elke Schneider (eds.): Burgenland Essen. Castles, palaces and permanent houses in Essen . Klartext Verlag, Essen 2017, ISBN 978-3-8375-1739-2 , pp. 82–85.
  • Herbert Schmitz: Oefte Castle, a house and a glory. Ancient aristocratic residence in Werden land. In: Historischer Verein Werden (ed.): Stories from the Werden history. Volume 5. Historischer Verein Werden, Essen 2007, ISBN 3-932443-18-7 , pp. 7–150.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Oefte  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gregor Spohr (ed.): Romantic Ruhr area. Castles, palaces, mansions . 2nd Edition. Pomp , Bottrop 1996, ISBN 3-89355-110-7 , p. 64.
  2. ↑ Andreas Wildhagen, Florian Zerfaß: This is how ThyssenKrupp survives its debacle. In: Wirtschaftswoche . Edition of March 18, 2013 ( online ).
  3. ↑ L. Fischer: Castle Oefte. Really medieval only since 1888. The renovation by the architect Ferdinand Schorbach from Hanover. 2015.
  4. ^ Dietrich Werner Graf von der Schulenburg, Hans Wätjen: History of the sex from the Schulenburg 1237 to 1983. Lower Saxony printing and publishing house Günter Hempel, Wolfsburg 1984, ISBN 3-87327-000-5 .
  5. ↑ Hans-Walter Keweloh: Traditional Boats in Germany, Part 1: The Ruhr ferry from Oefte. In: German Shipping Archive. Scientific yearbook of the German Maritime Museum. Volume 16. Kabel, Hamburg 1993, ISSN  0343-3625 , p. 214 ( PDF ; 3.1 MB).
  6. ↑ History on the golf club's website , accessed on December 26, 2018.
  7. ↑ Schloss Oefte as a monument in the list of monuments of the city of Essen , accessed on March 2, 2016.
  8. ↑ Walter Kordt : The wild horses in the Angermunder Forest - When the forest between Düsseldorf and Duisburg was still under wilderness - , in: Bürgererverein Duisburg-Huckingen e. V. (Ed.): Huckinger Heimatbuch, Geschichte und Geschichte , Volume II, Duisburg 1997, pp. 52–57.


Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 54.7 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 45.5"  E