Michendorf (Michendorf)

Michendorf Michendorf municipality
Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 41 ″  N , 13 ° 1 ′ 47 ″  E
Height :	49 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	4681  (December 31, 2018)
Incorporation :	October 26, 2003
Postal code :	14552
Area code :	033205
Michendorf district in the municipality of Michendorf

Michendorf is a district of the official (large) municipality Michendorf in the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark ( Brandenburg ). Michendorf was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into the larger municipality by law.

Geographical location

The district of Michendorf is located in the western part of the municipality of Michendorf. It borders in the northwest on Caputh (district of the Schwielowsee community ), in the northeast on Wilhelmshorst , in the east on Langerwisch , in the southeast on Wildenbruch (all three places are districts of the large municipality of Michendorf) and in the south on Seddin (district of the municipality Seddiner See ) . The two Lienewitz lakes ( Großer Lienewitzsee and Kleiner Lienewitzsee ), the very small, artificial Herthasee and a small pond mentioned as early as 1697/8 at the western end of the village, about north of Schmerberger Straße 25 to 39, are located in the district.

The Michendorf West, Willichslust and Lienewitz residential areas are located in the district of Michendorf next to the core town . In the district of Michendorf, part of the districts of the deserted villages of Hohen- and Niederlienewitz have also merged.

Population development

year Residents 1772 72 1801 123 1817 127 1837 189 1858 241 1871 242

year Residents 1885 440 1895 539 1905 880 1925 1490 1939 2526 1946 3055

year Residents 1964 2989 1971 2829 1981 2690 1991 2557 2002 3765 2012 4286

history

Michendorf was first mentioned in a document in Charles IV's land book from 1375. At that time it belonged to the lordly bailiwick of Saarmund . According to the settlement structure, it is a narrow, alley village . But this does not necessarily have to be the original village structure, because Michendorf was completely destroyed in the Thirty Years War and was almost completely uninhabited for 60 years. Reinhard E. Fischer interprets the name Michendorf in the Brandenburg name book as a Slavic-German mixed name. The basic form is derived from a Slavic nickname * Mich or * Micha , which arose from first names like Miroslaw or Miloslaw.

Michendorf on the original sheet of paper Potsdam sheet, 3744, from 1835

"Michendorp sunt 32 mansi, prefectus habet 5, tenetur ad equum pheudalem, pro quo dat ½ sexagenam et ad precariam 10 grossos, 2½ modios siliginis, 2½ modios ordei et 5 modios avene. Ad pactum quilibet 4 modios siliginis et 2 modios avene; ad censum quilibet 4 solidos, et 7 mansionarii dant quilibet 1 pullum et 10 ova et 3 obulos. Cossati non sunt ibi. Taberna dat 1 talentum. Coppen Schusen, rusticus, have 2 choros siliginis a marchione. Luder has 1 chorum siliginis a marchione. Helmir has 16 modios siliginis, 8 modios avene et 8 solidos den. a marchione. Ad altare, quod habent fratres kalendarum in Belitz, spectant 8 modii siliginis et 4 ^or avene, de quibus annuatim pauperibus elemosinas erogantur. Busse de Schonow has 2 talenta a marchione. Filii Nicolai Stenow, civis in Belitz, has 1 chorum et 18 modios avene a marchione. Reyneke, civis in Brandenburg, had 7½ solidos a marchione. Hans Witbritzen, civis in Brisena habet 7½ solidos a marchione. Precariam, iudicium supremum et servicium curuum habet marchio. "

- Schulze, Landbuch, p. 213/4.

According to Charles IV's land register from 1375, Michendorf had 32 hooves , five of which the Lehnschulze had free hooves. There were no cottages in the village; but there was already a mug . The Schulze actually had to keep a leaning horse (for the margrave) for his five free hooves. He had replaced this duty by paying half a shock penny a year. To Bede he paid 10 groschen, 2½ bushels of rye, 2½ bushels of barley and 5 bushels of oats. Each hoof had to pay four bushels of rye and two bushels of oats annually as rent, four shillings in interest. Seven farmers also gave a chicken, ten eggs and three obuli, the jug had to pay one talent every year. The farmers' taxes did not all go to the margrave, but he had granted rights to various citizens of the cities of Beelitz, Brandenburg and Treuenbrietzen and, surprisingly, to a farmer. So the farmer Coppen Schusen had the right to raise two wispel of rye, a Luder (Ludwig) was entitled to lifts equal to one wispel of rye, a Helmir was entitled to 16 bushels of rye, eight bushels of oats and eight shillings of pennies a year. The altar of the Kalandsbrüder in Beelitz got eight bushels of rye and four bushels of oats from Michendorf. Busse v. Schonow had received the right from the margrave to call in two talents. The sons of Nicolai Stenow, citizens of Beelitz, raised one wispel and 18 bushels of oats. Reyneke, a citizen of Brandenburg an der Havel, had been enfeoffed with 7½ schillings from the margrave and Hans Witbritzen, citizen of Treuenbrietzen , also had 7½ schillings. The bede, the higher court and the peasant tension services were still in the possession of the margrave. Since 1416, Paul von Murring, the follower of the first Hohenzollern Margrave Friedrich I and captain of the Trebbin Bailiwick , had the duties of four hooves and three hooves in Fresdorf, Michendorf and Alt Langerwisch.

Half-timbered church from 1742/43

As early as 1545 eight hooves were desolate. In 1576 only the Lehnschulze (5 hooves, four of which were free hooves) and three farmers (2 five-hoofers, 1 four-hoofers) lived in the village. The jug (a five-hoofed farm) had come in, a total of eight hooves were not cultivated. In 1616 Schulze and four farmers were named again. In 1624 five peasants (including Schulzen), a shepherd and a couple of house people lived in the village. Of the total of 32 hooves, 24 were peasant hooves, eight hooves belonged to the elector (owned by the Saarmund office). In 1625, the farmers of Caputh and Michendorf also cultivated fields on the desert field of Lienewitz . In the Thirty Years' War the village was completely destroyed and depopulated, when exactly is not known, at least after 1627. In 1687 it was reported that the village had been in desolation for "unthinkable years" and that only the huckster lived in the destroyed place. However, at that time the fields were z. Partly in management again. Five residents of Saarmund, five residents of Langerwisch, four residents of Tremsdorf, the Heideläufer, the Schäfer zu Wildenbruch, the Schäfer zu Kunersdorf and the Schmied zu Fresdorf cultivated fields on the field mark of the village.

In 1697/8 George Jöche (also Jörke, Jäch) was given the hereditary jug with eight free hooves and a silted lake behind the house from the Saarmund office on the condition that he tackled the repopulation of the abandoned village at his own expense. The company seems to have been successful, because in 1745 there were already six farmers in Michendorf. In 1742/3 a new half-timbered church was built in place of the old church. The Erbkruggut was created on the western edge of the village on Schmerberger Straße / Flottsteller Straße junction. In 1757 the Erbschulze had five hooves, three farmers had five hooves, one farmer had four hooves and the Kruger eight hooves. There were also ten Büdner residents in the village. In 1772 the population had decreased somewhat; only six farmers and six kossas are mentioned. 1801 lived five full farmers (full farmers), twelve Büdner, five granny and the brewing Kruger in Michendorf, in total there were 19 fires (homes). All 32 hooves were in cultivation again. In 1803 the "Sandweg" (Poststrasse) from Michendorf to Potsdam was expanded into a paved and weatherproof artificial road ("Chaussee"). To this end, a road house was built north of Michenhaus to collect the road money, today one would say toll. Until 1817, the road was expanded to Treuenbrietzen. In addition, three more road houses at Kunersdorf Försterei, Beelitz and Treuenbrietzen were reached. The Chausseehaus near Michendorf was given up for this. The (old) village school (today Potsdamer Strasse 84) was built on the road to Potsdam from 1824 to 1829. Around 1820, the Erbkrug was also moved from Schmerberger Strasse to the road to Potsdam (today Potsdamer Strasse 57). Presumably the traffic had shifted from the old Poststrasse from Brück (through the Lienewitzer Heide over the Krug in Schmerberg) and the Schmerberger Strasse, Saarmunder Strasse to Saarmund more to the road from Beelitz to Potsdam (about today's B 2 ). A separate building (demolished, for example at Potsdamer Strasse 61) was erected for the Dorfkrug. The Erbkruggut received the status of a manor around 1837 . In 1837 the place had grown to 25 houses, in 1858 30 houses were counted, in addition to three public buildings and 42 farm buildings. The place had three "dismantles" (living spaces separated from the core place, including the Chausseehaus). The Chausseehaus was on the Chaussee from Michendorf to Potsdam, northeast of today's train station (on today's Potsdamer Strasse, around the junction of Jägerstrasse in today's Willichslust residential area). After that, Michendorf grew rapidly, not least because of the connection to the Wetzlarer Bahn , which ran through the municipality in 1879. Michendorf station was probably opened in 1879. In 1890 the old post mill on the Wolkenberg was torn down and replaced by a Dutch windmill. The old mill was not built until after 1839, because it is not yet recorded in the original measurement table from 1839.

Dutch mill in Michendorf (1973)

After several changes of ownership, the manor was dissolved after 1890 and the manor house was converted into a forester's house. In 1891, Michendorf consisted of the actual village and the residential areas of the train station, the Chausseehaus, the brickworks and the railwayman's houses (18-19, 22-24). In 1896 a sawmill was built south of the village at the junction of today's Luckenwalder Straße. At the same time, a brick factory was set up near the train station, but it had to be closed again after a few years due to insufficient clay deposits. The clay was brought from clay pits near Langerwisch to the brick complex by means of a narrow-gauge railway. From 1906 onwards, several large industrial halls for the "cement goods and artificial stone factory" of the Reinecke & Co. Berlin-Stettin company were built on the brick premises. In 1900 the place already had 111 houses. In 1903/04 the new village school was built on the road to Beelitz (today Potsdamer Straße 94). In 1905 the residence of the workers' house of the Kgl. Forestry department added, and the Holländermühle residential area in 1906.

Around 1910 the Villa Hedwigsruh was built on the Wolkenberg, a 50 m high hill east of the old town center , and expanded in the 1920s. In 1941 Dominican women took over the property. In 1944 the painter Jenny Bluth also lived in it , who also painted the Michendorfer and Langerwischer mills. Today there is a home for mentally handicapped children in the St. Norberthaus. In 1946 the Catholic Church was set up in a remise on the property.

From 1918 the new Willichslust settlement was built north of the train station on the parceled area of ​​the Caputh estate, named after the Caputh estate owner Alfred Hans August v. Willich (1862–1941) received. In 1969 the settlement was renamed Michendorf-Nord, today the residential area is again called Willichslust settlement . From 1926, the Michendorf-West settlement was built to the west of the village center. In 1928 the manor districts in Brandenburg were dissolved and united with the municipal districts. Michendorf received the hunts 71, 72, 103, 135 and 136 west of the Chaussee as well as hunts 12, 28, 49–51, 73–80, 104–113, 137, 146, 175–177 and 195– from the Kunersdorf Forst estate. 197 Areas were also added to the Michendorf district from the Neu Langerwisch manor district. Overall, the area grew from 399 ha (1900) to 1342 ha in 1931.

In 1936, the section of the Berliner Ring on Michendorfer district was completed. Michendorf was given an exit and an entrance to the motorway, the Michendorf junction. The Michendorf motorway service station was built southwest of the town center. The northern part was demolished at the end of the 1990s when the highway was expanded to three lanes. The southern part was removed in 2008 when the Nuthetal triangle was expanded. In 1931 there were 216 houses with 386 households. During the Second World War, a makeshift home for bombed-out Berliners was built northeast of the Willichslust settlement. At that time the site still belongs to Wilhelmshorst and in 1957 came to the municipality of Michendorf with 17 hectares.

In the land reform of 1946 only 27.7 hectares were expropriated because there was no manor in Michendorf (any more). Of this, 8.7 hectares were distributed among eleven tenants. The community kept 19 hectares. Michendorf also received 196.7 hectares of forest from the municipality of Ferch. Of this, 171 ha were again divided among 29 poor farmers and fruit growers. In 1960 there were two Type I agricultural production cooperatives with 15 members and 68 hectares of usable area, which were merged as early as 1961. In 1970 the LPG Michendorf was connected to the LPG Type III Wildenbruch. The district of Michendorf-West was created between 1960 and 1980.

In 1973 the VEB Teltomat production area Michendorf, the VEB Biomalz Michendorfer Mühle, VEB motor vehicle repair Kleinmachnow operating part Potsdam-Michendorf-Autobahn-Raststätte and the VdgB (BHG) ( Association of Mutual Farmers 'Aid / Farmers' Cooperatives) were the baker's purchasing and delivery cooperative in Michendorf - and miller's trade. In 1974 the Polytechnic High School was built on the Wolkenberg. It was converted into a high school in 1991. In 1991 a new elementary school was built. In 2004, the construction of the bypass began, which was opened to traffic on December 21, 2005 amid protests (pros and cons!).

Political Affiliation

In the land register of 1375 Michendorf is listed under the villages of the historical landscape of Zauche . At that time it belonged to the sovereign and was administered by the Saarmund Bailiwick, from which the Saarmund Office was formed in the 15th century . In 1826 this was merged with the Potsdam office . The latter was dissolved in 1872. The Zauchische Kreis emerged from the Zauche landscape in the 17th century . This was merged in 1816/17 with the former electoral office of Belzig to form the district of Zauch-Belzig . In 1952 this district was broken up and divided into Potsdam-Land and Brandenburg-Land ; Michendorf came to the Potsdam-Land district. In 1992 Michendorf merged with the communities Fresdorf, Langerwisch, Stücken, Wildenbruch and Wilhelmshorst to form the Michendorf office . In the district reform of 1992/93, the Potsdam-Land district merged with the Belzig district to form the new Potsdam-Mittelmark district. The Michendorf office was dissolved in 2003 by the fourth law for the state-wide municipal area reform concerning the Havelland, Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming districts (4th GemGebRefGBbg) and the municipalities belonging to the office were merged to form the new large municipality of Michendorf . Michendorf has been part of this large community since then. Michendorf raised a municipal constitutional complaint before the constitutional court of the state of Brandenburg against the forced merger, but in 2005 it was "partly rejected, the rest rejected".

Church affiliation

Michendorf was apparently never a parish in the Middle Ages and early modern times; no parish hooves are proven either. Around 1500 Michendorf was the daughter of the mother church in Neu Langerwisch, which belonged to the Sedes Beelitz, later until 1721 to the Beelitz inspection. Then Neu Langerwisch came to the Potsdam inspection department, which was renamed the Potsdam Superintendent in 1806. This was divided in 1835; New Langerwisch came to the superintendent of Potsdam I. In 1952 Michendorf was elevated to the mother church due to its size. In 1959 the superintendent's offices in Potsdam were brought together again. In 1968 Michendorf came to the Beelitz-Treuenbrietzen superintendent. The community also included the residential areas Lienewitz, Saugarten, Willichslust (= Michendorf-Nord), Michendorf-West, Langerwisch-Süd (since 1955), Wildenbruch-Bergheide (since 1955) and Wildenbruch-Six (also since 1955).

In 1946 a Catholic church was set up in a remise of the "Villa Hedwigsruh", today the St. Norbert House. The Catholic parish of St. Cäcilia has its seat in Michendorf. The New Apostolic Church also has a church in Michendorf.

Monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark contains the following architectural and ground monuments:

Railway staff residence; built after 1879 in connection with the train station

Architectural monuments

• Village church
• Werner Abel grave , in the cemetery
• Am Wolkenberg 14, painting by August Bebel, in the grammar school
• At the church 3, homestead, consisting of a house, two stable buildings and a barn
• Jägerstrasse 6, residential building
• Potsdamer Strasse 1, railway staff residence
• Potsdamer Straße 82, homestead, consisting of a residential building, two stable buildings and a barn
• Potsdamer Straße 94, village school with ancillary building
• Saarmunder Strasse, Mühlenstumpf (local history museum)
• Schmerberger Straße 11, stable building with upper arbor (courtyard Sydow)
• Waldstrasse 4, residential building
• Waldstrasse 23, Holstein house

Soil monuments

• No. 30403 Corridors 1,3: the village center from the German Middle Ages, the village center from the modern era
• No. 30503 Corridor 6: a settlement of the Slavic Middle Ages, a settlement of the German Middle Ages
• No. 30504 Hall 6: a settlement from the German Middle Ages (Lienewitz)
• No. 30505 Hall 6: a settlement from the German Middle Ages (Lienewitz)
• No. 30506 Hall 6: a modern mill (Lienewitz)

Coin find from Michendorf

In 1880, during agricultural work on the Wolkenberg east of today's town center, a spectacular coin find was made. In 1797 coins from the years 1140 to 1184 were hidden in a clay vessel. These were denarii with the image of the Slav prince Pribislaw and bracteates with the image of the Ascan prince Albrecht the Bear . It is one of the largest coin hoards in Brandenburg.

supporting documents

literature

• Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 1: Zauche. Böhlau, Weimar 1967, p. 86.
• Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part V: Zauch-Belzig. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1977, pp. 267–269.
• Marie-Luise Buchinger, Marcus Cante: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Brandenburg. Potsdam-Mittelmark district 14.1 = Nördliche Zauche: communities Groß Kreutz, Kloster Lehnin, Michendorf, Schwielowsee and city Werder (Havel) as well as Gollwitz and Wust (city Brandenburg an der Havel) . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft , Worms 2009. ISBN 978-3-88462-285-8 , pp. 390–401.
• Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. (Brandenburg land books Volume 2). Commissioned by Gsellius, Berlin 1940.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg - municipality Michendorf
2. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Government in Potsdam, 1817, p. 42 Online at Google Books .
3. ↑ track info, Potsdamer urban and regional transport
4. ↑ Hans-Joachim Strich: A gifted painter rediscovered. In: Potsdam's latest news. August 19, 2003.
5. ^ Harry Graf Kessler , Roland S. Kamzelak , Ulrich Ott, Hans-Ulrich Simon, Werner Volke, Bernhard Zeller: Das Tagebuch 1880-1937. Volume 4: 1906-1914. Cotta, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-7681-9814-6 . (online at Google Books - life data)
6. ↑ Formation of the offices in Michendorf and Nuthe-Urstromtal. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of May 20, 1992. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 3, Number 38, June 15, 1992, p. 744.
7. ↑ Fourth law on state-wide municipal area reform regarding the districts Havelland, Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming (4th GemGebRefGBbg) of March 24, 2003, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, I (Laws), 2003, No. 05, p 73.
8. ↑ Main statutes of the municipality of Michendorf (PDF)
9. ↑ Municipal constitutional complaint procedure of the municipality Michendorf because of the incorporation of the municipality Michendorf (Amt Michendorf) into the newly formed municipality Michendorf VerfGBbg, decision of September 15, 2005 - VfGBbg 113/03 -, www.verfassungsgericht.brandenburg.de
10. ↑ New Apostolic Church - District Church South: Michendorf
11. ↑ List of monuments of the State of Brandenburg, Potsdam-Mittelmark district ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Status: December 30, 2012 (PDF; 348 kB)  
12. ↑ The Treasure of Michendorf - Friends & Sponsors of Wilhelmshorste Ortsgeschichte eV

annotation

1. ↑ One talent = 20 schillings Schulze, Landbuch, p. 462.

Web links

• District Michendorf on the website of the municipality Michendorf
• Brief history of the village of Michendorf