Dawn (film)
Dawn is a German patriotic submarine drama by Gustav Ucicky of 1933, which in the January 31, 1933 Schauburg in Essen premiered shortly after the seizure of power of Hitler. Edgar Freiherr von Spiegel's war diary U 202 forms the template for the screenplay written by Gerhard Menzel.
The submarine drama from the First World War with Rudolf Forster , Adele Sandrock , Fritz Genschow and Camilla Spira in the leading roles was shot during the Weimar Republic .
action
The crew of a German submarine under commandant Kapitänleutnant Liers set sail again after a home leave in Meerskirchen during the First World War. Men find it difficult to say goodbye to their girlfriends, but the fulfillment of duty is paramount. Lier's mother has already lost two sons in this war and doubts its meaning.
The patrol was initially successful and an English cruiser was sunk. Then the boat falls into an English submarine trap , which sends a destroyer. The destroyer rams the submarine, which then sinks.
Captain Liers and nine crew members are stuck in their boat at a depth of 60 meters. Since the forecastle is full, the boat cannot emerge again. But there are only eight rescuers , so two men have to stay behind. So the team decides to die together rather than leave two behind. But then the first officer Fredericks and the seaman Petermann decide to sacrifice themselves for the crew, because they want to give their death a meaning. You shoot yourself. The remaining eight men are able to save themselves and see the sacrificial death of their comrades as the mission to keep fighting.
Production notes and background
The shooting of the film took place in October and November 1932 in Kiel and the surrounding area as well as in the Baltic Sea near Helsingfors on a Finnish submarine. Further recordings were made in the UFA studio in Neubabelsberg. The production company was Universum-Film AG (UFA) in Berlin. Günther Stapenhorst was in charge of production and Erich von Neusser was in charge of recording . Günther Anders assisted head cameraman Carl Hoffmann. The film structures were supervised by Robert Herlth and Walter Röhrig . The film crew was from Kapitänleutnant a. D. Werner Fürbringer advise.
The film is 2,338 m long, which corresponds to 85 minutes. On January 20, 1933, it was banned by the censors under test number B.32990, which was lifted on January 26, 1933, test number O.06209. In a test on November 25, 1939, test number B.52781, Morgenrot was checked again and found to be “suitable for minors ”. On February 12, 1940, test number B.53308, this result was confirmed again. After the war, the Allied military censorship again issued a ban in June 1945. On October 17, 1986, test number 51313, the film was subjected to an FSK test and approved for those aged 18 and over with the addition “not holiday-free”. The working titles of the film were And do not commit your life ... as well as the monument of the German submarine .
After the premiere of the film took place on January 31st in Essen, it was shown for the first time on February 2nd, 1933 in the Ufa-Palast am Zoo in Berlin, which was attended by Adolf Hitler and the closest members of his cabinet. The way the film was recognized in the national press at the time led to its being classified as a pre-fascist war film after 1945.
Joseph Goebbels summarized his key message about Morgenrot in his diary in February 1933 in the sentence: “We Germans may not know how to live; but to die, we can do that fabulous. ”According to literaturkritik.de , the UFA courted the new rulers with this“ feature film about the cult of the leader and willingness to make sacrifices ”, which premiered at the beginning of the Nazi regime.
Karlheinz Wendtland was of the opinion that the film had “a national, not a National Socialist character”.
Songs
- Because we are driving towards Engeland
- I had a comrade
- At home in home, there's a reunion
- I have to go out to the city center
- Now all thank God
- When the soldiers march through the city
criticism
“Filmed in the months before the Nazi takeover, this hymn to the fulfillment of military duties anticipates some of the central motifs of Nazi film propaganda: unconditional willingness to make sacrifices for the fatherland, the military collective as a meaningful unit. In addition, there is a mythical longing for death, which can be seen in the following quote, which is often cited because of its clarity: 'We Germans may not understand life well, but we can die fabulously!' "
Awards
- The film testing agency awarded the film the title "Artistic"
See also
- List of important German films
- List of German films banned under Allied military censorship
- List of German feature films premiered in the German Reich during the Nazi era
- Propaganda film
literature
- Sigrid Lange: Dawn . In: Film Genres. War Movie. Edited by Thomas Klein, Marcus Stiglegger and Bodo Traber. Stuttgart: Reclam 2006, pp. 61-65. ISBN 978-3-15-018411-0 .
- Klaus Kanzog : “Particularly valuable in terms of state policy”. A manual for 30 German feature films from 1934 to 1945 . Schaudig & Ledig, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-926372-05-2
- Fred Gehler Morgenrot . In Günther Dahlke, Günther Karl (Hrsg.): German feature films from the beginnings to 1933. A film guide. Henschel Verlag, 2nd edition, Berlin 1993, p. 313 f. ISBN 3-89487-009-5
- Siegfried Kracauer : From Caligari to Hitler. A psychological history of German film. Frankfurt am Main 1984.
- Francois Courtade, Pierre Cadars: History of the film in the Third Reich , Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1975, p. 116 to 120
Web links
- Dawn in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Morgenrot at filmportal.de
- Morgenrot as a new edition in 2012 on DVD and Blu-ray with a 16-page booklet as well as a reprint of the original advertising advice from morisel-Verlag
Individual evidence
- ^ Morgenrot at geschichte-projekte-hannover.de
- ^ Censorship decision for the film Morgenrot at filmportal.de
- ↑ Dawn in film and history
- ↑ Kurt Schilde: National Socialist propaganda films from “Morgenrot” to “Kolberg” die fabulous at literaturkritik.de
- ^ Karlheinz Wendtland: Beloved Kintopp. All German feature films from 1929–1945 with numerous artist biographies born in 1933 and 1934, edited by the author Karlheinz Wendtland, Berlin, Chapter: Films 1933, Film 13.