Moritzberg (Franconian Alb)
| Moritzberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 View from Tauchersreuth south-east to Moritzberg |
||
| height | 603.5 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Lauf , Leinburg , Röthenbach ; District of Nürnberger Land , Bavaria ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Franconian Alb | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 27 '57 " N , 11 ° 18' 44" E | |
|
||
| particularities | - Prehistoric hilltop settlements - St. Mauritius Chapel - Moritzbergturm |
|
The Moritzberg is a striking 603.5 m above sea level. NHN high Zeugenberg in the layered landscape of the Franconian Alb . It is located in the urban areas of Lauf an der Pegnitz and Röthenbach an der Pegnitz and in the municipality of Leinburg in the Middle Franconian district of Nürnberger Land , Bavaria ( Germany ).
There are remains of prehistoric hilltop settlements on Nuremberg's local mountain. The St. Mauritius Chapel and the Moritzberg Tower stand on it .
geography
location
The Moritzberg rises 1.3 km east-southeast of Haimendorf , an east-southeast district of Röthenbach an der Pegnitz. Its hamlet Moritzberg is located on the summit plateau. The urban area of Lauf an der Pegnitz, whose core town is 5.5 km north-north-west of the summit and whose district Weigenhofen is 2 km north-north-east of it , extends close to this in the north-east . The municipality of Leinburg extends close to the plateau in the south-east, south and south-west, with its core town 1.7 south and the districts Weihersberg 1.2 km south-east and Diepersdorf 1.4 km west-south-west of the summit.
Natural allocation
The Moritzberg belongs to the natural spatial main unit group Franconian Keuper-Lias-Land (No. 11), in the main unit foreland of the Northern Franconian Alb ( 112) and in the subunit Laufer Albvorland (112.0) to the natural area Moritzberg with surrounding area (112.00).
geology
general description
Geologically, the Moritzberg belongs to the Alb foreland. The distinctive Jura hill was separated from the actual Alb over the course of time by erosion processes. This type of island mountain is also known as a witness mountain . The step structure of the Moritzberg is clearly visible.
The geological elevation is located on a Keuper plain from the lithostratigraphic group of the Germanic Triassic, which is characterized by Feuerletten . The first level of Moritzberg consists of layers of Liass ( Black Jura ). The soft and clay-rich layer of the Opalinus Clay of the Lower Doggers ( Brown Jura ) lies on top . The second stage is an iron sandstone formation from the Braunjura group. These deposits consist of massive sandstones that have contained seams of iron ore . The third and last stage of the Moritzberg is formed by layers of the White Jura (Malm). The 25 meter high top of the mountain shows a restless and disturbed profile. The overburden of the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic layers from the Jurassic period is determined by the light limestone and limestone marl of the Lower Malm.
Hüttenbach Gorge
At the foot of the Moritzberg near Haimendorf is one of the most beautiful Rätschluchten of the Albrand in the Franconian Keuper-Lias-Land. The Klingende Wasserfall is located in the gorge of the Hüttenbach . The geological substructure of the waterfall is formed by the Rhaetian-Lias transition layers from the Mesozoic era , also known as Rhaetian sandstone . A striking, protruding slab made of coarse and harder sandstone forms the end of the valuable geotope . A small and somewhat set back step consisting of Numismalis marl (Black Jura) is overlaid by loose sediments ( hillside debris ) upstream . After several days of frost, a mighty icicle curtain develops with meter-wide ice cascades, behind which the Hüttenbach rushes and splashes, then the water lives up to its name.
Soil types
The soil types of Moritzberg reflect the structure of the stratification and the specific geological conditions. On the carbonate-rich summit of the Moritzberg, a shallow Rendzina soil with Malm limestone shards has developed almost exclusively . The layers below are characterized by pararendzina soils. One level below the soil types Regosol and Brown Earth Regosol dominate. Brown earth is predominant on the Keuper level . In addition, late and post-glacial drift sands are common. In the area of Haimendorf these aeolian sediments occur more frequently.
Protected areas
On the wooded Moritzberg are parts of 166.84 square kilometers comprehensive protected landscape Southern Jura Moritzberg and surroundings ( CDDA -No 396,095;. 2001 reported). On the plateau of the mountain there are several quarries and excavations, which are believed to date from the Bronze Age. Here floor ores were probably mined. The mine field is designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as a geotope mine field on Moritzberg (geotope no. 574G004).
history
prehistory
The plateau-shaped summit area of the mountain, which is severely disturbed by medieval limestone and iron ore mining , was settled in prehistoric times. Numerous reading finds, consisting of ceramic fragments, stone tools , stone chips and a spiral ring made of bronze wire , bear witness to this past. The oldest ceramic shards found on Moritzberg belong to the Middle Bronze Age ( Bronze Age tumulus graves ).
The first short-term settlement took place during the early Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), this open-air station was located on the saddle of the 538.9 m high Reuther Berg to the east . Today the square is a ground monument.
There are only a few finds from the Neolithic (Neolithic) and Bronze Age , so that no concrete statements can be made about the extent, type and duration of settlement. The vast majority of prehistoric finds come from the late Bronze Age. It is believed that the hillside settlement was fortified.
A new settlement took place during the middle to late Urnfield period , findings from it come from the northern half of the summit plateau. It is difficult to prove whether the rest of the plateau was also inhabited because of the stone quarrying. At the end of the Urnfield Period, settlement also ceased here, a process that can be seen in many hilltop settlements, for example in the nearby Houbirg .
The last prehistoric settlement dates from the period between the late Hallstatt period and the early Latène period . Finds from the entire plateau are known from this time, which today is also a ground monument.
middle Ages
.jpg)
On the summit plateau of Mount Moritz stands, built in 1419 and St. Mauritius sacred mountain chapel St. Mauritius (or as Moritz mountain chapel called). After the construction of this chapel, the mountain, originally called "Leinburg" , which also gave its name to the community at its foot, was renamed Moritzberg. The Nuremberg patrician Herdegen Valzner had this chapel built and its history was closely linked to Haimendorf Castle and Rockenbrunn .
Modern times
During the 17th and 18th centuries, a brotherhood house was built on the summit plateau of the mountain, which at times served as a hermit's accommodation . Today this partially half- timbered building is used as an inn.
Due to the exposed location of the mountain, the Bavarian King Ludwig I is said to have intended in 1841 to build either the liberation hall later built near Kelheim or a Walhalla on the Moritzberg . However, these plans never came to fruition.
At the beginning of the 20th century, a major construction project was carried out. From 1910 a long-planned observation tower - the Moritzberg tower - was built in the immediate vicinity of the former brotherhood house, which was provisionally completed in 1913. The originally planned height of the tower could not be realized because the financial means, mainly raised from donations, were no longer sufficient.
The mountain is a popular excursion destination, including for residents of Nuremberg , which is 17 km west-southwest , which is why it is sometimes referred to as the local mountain of Nuremberg.
Plane crash on Moritzberg
On November 17, 1936, a passenger plane crashed on the northern slope of Moritzberg. The three-engine Junkers Ju 52 / 3m was on the flight from Berlin to Munich . The machine shattered in two halves below the Saint Mauritius chapel along the cockpit , with the radio operator being thrown from the aircraft and not surviving the crash. Despite the hard landing, the pilot and 14 of the 16 passengers survived, albeit with serious injuries. The evacuation of the injured turned out to be difficult due to the unfavorable soil and weather conditions. The casualties had to be carried individually to a nearby dirt road. The clean-up continued for a week.
literature
- Christine Bockisch-Bräuer: Röthenbach-Haimendorf: The Moritzberg - Prehistoric traces of settlement on Nuremberg's local mountain . In: Alfried Wieczorek (Hrsg.): Excursions to archeology, history and culture in Germany, Volume 52: Nuremberg and Nürnberger Land - excursion destinations between Pegnitz and Franconian Alb . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2368-2 , pp. 209-215.
- Hermann Rusam: The Moritzberg. A geological excursion to Nuremberg's local mountain . With drawings and pictures by Heinz Metzner. Didactic letter from the Pedagogical Institute of the City of Nuremberg; No. 130. Nuremberg: Pedagogical Institute of the City of Nuremberg, 1993, 20 pp.
- Ronald Hotler, Günter E. R. Albrecht u. a. Authors: Around the Moritzberg - Our local mountain from a natural history perspective. For the 100th anniversary of the Geology Department . [Ed .: Dept. of Geology. Natural History Society Nuremberg e. V.], (Treatise of the Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nürnberg e.V .; Vol. 42), Nürnberg: Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, Department of Geology, 1989, 176 p., 16 supplements, over 200 illustrations and maps
- Ferdinand Leja: The prehistoric settlement of the Moritzberg, district of Nürnberger Land . In: Messages from the Altnürnberger Landschaft e. V., 1988, No. 1, pp. 1-13.
- Ronald Hotler: Around the Moritzberg. An example of an introduction to geology . Completely revised and expanded New edition. Didactic letter from the Pedagogical Institute of the City of Nuremberg; No. 96 (Originally No. 9). Nuremberg: Pedagogical Institute, 1982, 64 pp.
- Reinhard Grebe; Dieter Kaus: Framework plan for the Moritzberg local recreation area . Edited on behalf of the Moritzberg u. Environment e. V, Nuremberg: Office for Landscape Planning Grebe, 1971. 38 pp.
- Ronald Heißler: An example, around the Moritzberg , drawings by the author, 2nd edition, didactic letter from the Pedagogical Institute of the City of Nuremberg; No. 9. Nuremberg: Pedagogical Institute of the City of Nuremberg, 1971, 40 pp.
- The Moritzberg: a local guide. Communications from the Altnürnberger landscape . Nuremberg: Frankenverlag Spindler, 1966, 38 pp.
- Fritz Schnelbögl : A hike on the Moritzberg in the 17th century . In: Messages from the Altnürnberger Landschaft e. V., 1959, No. 3, pp. 77-87.
- Walter Ullmann: The Moritzberg in prehistoric times . In: Messages from the Altnürnberger Landschaft e. V., 1952, No. 1, pp. 12-15.
See also
Web links
- The Moritzberg , on albvorland.de
- The Moritzberg , in: Geology of the layered land with information on geology and early history, on Lauf-net.de
References and comments
- ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Franz Tichy: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 163 Nuremberg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1973. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ↑ UmweltAtlas Bayern Geologie. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on February 2, 2018 .
- ^ A b c d e Ronald Heissler: Around the Moritzberg. For the 100th anniversary of the Department of Geology. Ed .: Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nürnberg eV Volume 42 . Nuremberg 1989, p. 8, 9, 30, 58, 93 .
- ↑ Geotope register: "Sounding waterfall". Bavarian State Office for the Environment, October 10, 2017, accessed on February 17, 2018 .
- ↑ UmweltAtlas Bayern Boden. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on February 2, 2018 .
-
↑ Geotope: Mine field at Moritzberg , accessed on August 21, 2013 (PDF; 3.24 MB)
see also the list of geotopes in the district of Nürnberger Land - ↑ The finds are now in the collection of the Natural History Society of Nuremberg
- ↑ Free-field station of the Mesolithic and settlement of prehistoric times in Leinburg - architectural monuments , Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , on geodaten.bayern.de (PDF; 134.35 KB)
- ↑ Free-field station of the Mesolithic, settlement of the Urnfield, Late Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods . Archived from the original on December 22, 2014 ; accessed on December 30, 2016 . , Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , on geodaten.bayern.de
- ↑ Christine Bockisch-Bräuer: Röthenbach-Haimendorf: The Moritzberg - Prehistoric traces of settlement on Nuremberg's local mountain . In: Alfried Wieczorek (Hrsg.): Excursions to archeology, history and culture in Germany, Vol. 52: Nuremberg and Nürnberger Land - excursion destinations between Pegnitz and Franconian Alb . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2368-2 , p. 210 ff.
- ^ Ralf Nestmeyer: Travel Guide Franconia . 7th edition. Michael Müller Verlag, Erlangen, ISBN 978-3-95654-198-8 , p. 205 .
- ↑ Article on N-Land from November 17, 2017, Filmreifer crash (accessed on November 18, 2017)