Mussen (Münchberg)

Have to City of Münchberg Coordinates: 50 ° 10 ′ 14 ″  N , 11 ° 46 ′ 54 ″  E
Height :	550 m above sea level NN
Residents :	61  (Dec. 31, 2009)
Postal code :	95213
Area code :	09251
Location of Mussen in the Münchberg urban area

Center of Mussen

Mussen is a district of Münchberg in the Upper Franconian district of Hof . The village, which today has 58 inhabitants, was first mentioned in 1317 in the Henneberg fief register . Mussen was founded before 1007. This is evident from the Würzburg old tenth . Between 1837 and 1978 the village was part of the municipality of Mechlenreuth . With the regional reform in Bavaria, Mussen was incorporated into the city of Münchberg. Mussen is evidently the oldest settlement in the former Münchberg district .

geography

Geographical location

Mussen ( 550  m above sea level) is on the B 2 at kilometer 117 between Münchberg and Gefrees and about 1.5 kilometers south of the Münchberg city limits. The surrounding villages are clockwise, starting in the north, Münchberg , Mechlenreuth , Kleinlosnitz , Schweinsbach , Biengarten and Straas. The village is followed by the Eisenbühl to the north and the Kapellenberg to the northeast. The Mussenbach flows through the village from west to east.

Precipitation amounts in the Münchberger and Bayreuth area

climate

The rather harsh climate in Münchberger Land is due to the altitude. It is characterized by high amounts of precipitation combined with low temperatures. The annual mean temperature is only 5–6 ° C, while in nearby Bayreuth it is already 7–8 ° C. The mean air temperature during the growing season is 12–13 ° C (15–16 ° C in Bayreuth). The mean annual rainfall is 900–1000 millimeters (600–700 millimeters in Bayreuth).

geology

The village lies on the Münchberger Gneissasse between the granite-containing Fichtelgebirge and the Franconian Forest , which consists of paleozoic slate masses . The composition of gneiss is similar to that of granite , but in contrast to it has a slate structure. In addition to a few smaller components, it is mainly composed of feldspar , quartz and mica . In addition to gneiss, there are also other rocks such as amphibolite or phyllite .

The weathering products form sandy, acidic and nutrient-poor loamy soils . These base-poor, silicate soils are not particularly suitable for agriculture. In contrast to the soils in the Fichtelgebirge or the Franconian Forest , agriculture is still relatively productive. Therefore, agriculture is mainly practiced in the Mussener Flur. On a hundredth scale, the yields are around 27 to 36 for arable land and 26 to 34 for green spaces. This means that the soils are so-called quarter to third soils. As swampy soils can generally be found in the Mussenbachtal, the houses are set apart on a terrace made of solid rock.

history

Name development

There are various theories about the development of the name. E. Schwarz assumes that the name Mussen comes from the Slavic word for moss. A. Bach, however, assumes that the name is derived from the Old High German word mussea , which means something like swamp meadow. Both variants suggest a settlement in a swampy place, as it is in the Mussenbachtal.

In 1317 the village was called "Muzzea", in 1328 it was called "Muschen". In 1361 it was already mentioned by its current name. In 1384 the name "Musse" appeared and in 1421 the name "Muschen" again.

History of musts

Coat of arms of the von Wirsberg family based on Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book

Until about the turn of the millennium, the East Franconian area was part of the Würzburg diocese . When the Diocese of Bamberg was founded in 1007, this area, which was roughly the size of today's Upper Franconia, came to Bamberg. The so-called Würzburg old tents show that the Würzburg bishop was contractually allowed to keep all tithes that he had drawn before 1007. The bishop of Bamberg was to receive all tithes invested after 1007. In 1303 the village was still in the hands of Heinrich von Wirsberg as a fiefdom of the bishop of Würzburg , this shows that Mussen must have existed as early as 1007, otherwise the bishop of Würzburg would not have had any property rights.

Mussen later you have the counts of Henneberg have been sold, the 1317 re-Heinrich von Wirsberg with the village fief . It is not documented when Mussen passed to the von Sparneck family. In 1328 and 1355, the burgraves Friedrich IV (1328) and Johann II (1355) of Nuremberg were granted the right by the German kings to develop some villages, including Mussen, into cities and to grant them Nuremberg city ​​rights . This right was never used at Mussen itself. Possible reasons for this were probably the proximity to the city of Münchberg , with which Mussen would never have been able to compete, or the fact that Münchberg itself soon belonged to the burgraves of Nuremberg.

In 1490 the Sparneck family sold parts of the village to Margrave Siegmund of the Principality of Bayreuth . The goods belonged to the Münchberg office. In 1563 two more goods were sold that were assigned to the Stockenroth office. A remaining yard went to the Stiftkastenamt Himmelkron . Mussen was now part of the Principality of Bayreuth. In 1680, Margrave Christian Ernst incorporated the judicial districts of Münchberg, Stockenroth and Hallerstein into the newly founded Oberamt Münchberg-Stockenroth . This senior office did not last long, however. In 1769 the Bayreuth margrave line went out . The principality went to Margrave Karl Alexander von Ansbach , who in 1779 incorporated the Oberamt into the provincial governorate of Hof .

Principality of Bayreuth 1791 before the secret treaty with Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia

In 1791 he signed a secret treaty with the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II , with which he renounced his two Franconian principalities for an annual pension of 300,000 guilders. In 1792 the principalities officially became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . Baron von Hardenberg was appointed as the new administrator . Hardenberg restructured the principalities according to the Prussian model. Six districts, each with six chamber offices, were formed from the former principality of Bayreuth. Mussen belonged to the Münchberg Chamber of Commerce in the Hof district. The chamber office comprised the former caste offices Münchberg, Hallerstein, Stockenrot and the district bailiff of Helmbrechts .

Prussian rule did not last long. During the Fourth Coalition War , Napoleon's troops invaded the Münchberg area on October 8, 1806 under General Bogislav von Tauentzien on their advance to the northeast. From October 9th of the same year, the Principality of Bayreuth and thus also Mussen were under French military administration. In the Peace of Tilsit the Kingdom of Prussia was forced to renounce its Frankish principalities. On February 28, 1810, the former Prussian province of Bayreuth was politically, economically and financially incorporated into Bavaria by a state treaty between France and the Kingdom of Bavaria.

War memorial of the former community of Mechlenreuth in honor of their fallen in the First and Second World War near Mechlenreuth on the Kapellenberg

From 1818 to 1837, Mussen was part of the Kleinlosnitz district municipality, along with the villages of Kleinlosnitz, Großlosnitz, Lösten, Schweinsbach , Mechlenreuth and Schnackenhof. From 1837 Mechlenreuth, Mussen and Schweinsbach formed the municipality of Mechlenreuth. In the First World War were six men. In 1918, the monarchy collapsed as part of the general November unrest in Germany. On November 8, 1918, Bavaria was proclaimed a free state. In the Second World War were also six men, one was reported missing.

On the occasion of the district reform in Bavaria , the Münchberg district was incorporated into the Hof district on July 1, 1972 . With the dissolution of the municipality of Mechlenreuth on May 1, 1978 Schweinsbach, Mechlenreuth and Mussen were incorporated into the city of Münchberg .

Population development

Population development from 1830 to 2007

The first known population census from 1790 gives 68 inhabitants in Mussen. Further population data for the place can be found mainly for the years from 1830 onwards. In 1964, a clear peak in the number of inhabitants due to refugees from the Second World War can be seen.

Culture and sights

society

Center of Mussen

The voluntary fire brigade in Mussen was founded in 1876 as the community brigade Mussen-Schweinsbach . In 1967 it became the volunteer fire brigades in Mussen and Schweinsbach.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Mussen can be reached via the Bundesstraße 2 , which runs through the village, or the BAB 9 exit (36) Münchberg-Süd via the villages of Biengarten and Schweinsbach. There is also a local road to Mechlenreuth and a dirt road to Hintere Höhe. The only public transport connections are the Hof -  Bayreuth bus route and the shared call taxi. The nearest airport is the Hof-Plauen airfield .

literature

• Renate Göldel: Mussen (Münchberg district): the village and its corridor in the course of history . tape 1 , 1964, OCLC 633479970 .
• Gustav Lauterbach: Lauterbach: An old Upper Franconian family "Older Mussen-Schleizer line" . tape 1 , 1965, DNB  452728541 .
• Karl Dietel : Münchberg. History of an official and industrial city. Volume 1: Until the transition to Bavaria in 1810. Münchberg municipal administration, Münchberg 1963, DNB 450940748 .
• Karl Dietel: Between Waldstein and Döbraberg - The historical development of the Münchberg district . Münchberg District School Office, Münchberg 1964, DNB  455352704 .
• Annett Haberlah-Pohl: Münchberg (Historical Atlas of Bavaria) . Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-7696-6556-7 , p. 261-263 .

Web links

Commons : Must  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Location view in the BayernViewer of the Bavarian Surveying Administration

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Google Maps ( Memento of the original from August 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , as well as BayernViewer from the Bavarian Surveying Administration 
2. ↑ Gerhardt Stetter: Explanations for the geological map of Bavaria. Sheet No. 5836 Münchberg, Munich 1960, p. 131.
3. ↑ Helga Schubert: Schweinsbach (district of Münchberg) village and hall in the course of history. P. 6.
4. ↑ Münchberger Gneismasse, published by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (PDF)
5. ↑ Gerhardt Stetter: Explanations for the geological map of Bavaria. Sheet No. 5836 Münchberg, Munich 1960, p. 136.
6. ↑ Gerhardt Stetter: Explanations for the geological map of Bavaria. Sheet No. 5836 Münchberg, Munich 1960, p. 147.
7. ↑ Renate Göldel: Mussen (district of Münchberg) The village and its corridor in the course of history. P. 5.
8. ^ Karl Dietel: Festschrift for the Münchberger Bauerntag in Mussen 1945. P. 9
9. ^ Karl Dietel: Festschrift for the Münchberger Bauerntag in Mussen 1945. P. 10.
10. ^ Karl Dietel: Festschrift for the Münchberger Bauerntag in Mussen 1945. P. 11.
11. ↑ Renate Göldel: Mussen (district of Münchberg) The village and its corridor in the course of history. P. 64.
12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 687 .
13. ^ Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia. Ulm 1799.
14. ↑ Timetable of the Bachstein transport company
15. ^ Website of Stadtwerke Münchberg ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . 
16. ↑ Hof-Plauen airfield .