NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision

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NCAA Division I FBS
NCAA logo.svg

Full name NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision
sport American football
Association NCAA
League foundation 1978
Teams 130
Country countries United States
Website https://www.ncaa.com/sports/football/fbs

The NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) , formerly known as Division IA , is the highest tier of college football in the United States . The FBS is the most competitive subdivision of the NCAA Division I , made up of even the largest and most competitive schools of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). As of 2018 there will be 10 conferences and 130 schools in the FBS.

College football is one of the most popular spectator sports in much of the United States. The top schools have annual sales of tens of millions of dollars. Top FBS teams draw tens of thousands of fans to games, and the top ten American stadiums all host FBS teams or games. College athletes are not paid, but colleges are allowed to provide players with non-monetary compensation, such as sports scholarships that provide for tuition, accommodation, and books.

Unlike other NCAA divisions and departments, the NCAA does not officially award a national FBS championship, nor is there a playoff tournament to determine a master on the field. Instead, organizations such as Associated Press (AP) and the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA) in the past, the team tries to evaluate and crown a national champion by a vote (eng. Polls conducted) of sports writers and coaches. Instead of such a playoff, various cities in the USA organize their own competitions after the regular season , so-called bowl games , in which they traditionally invite teams to participate. In the past, these bowl games were mostly viewed as exhibition games where the participating teams were paid out. In more recent times, however, they are de facto considered a postseason . Over the past few decades, there have been agreements (such as the Bowl Coalition from 1992 to 1994, the Bowl Alliance from 1995 to 1997, the Bowl Championship Series from 1998 to 2013, and the College Football Playoffs from 2014 to date) through the leading FBS Conferences and Bowls -Games to organize games so that the FBS national championship is decided on the field.

overview

Number of FBS per state since 2014:
  • Six or more FBS schools
  • five
  • Four
  • Three
  • Two
  • one
  • No FBS school

    • The FBS is the highest tier of college football in the United States, and FBS players make up the vast majority of the players selected in the NFL draft. For every sport except football, the NCAA divides schools into three main divisions: NCAA Division I, NCAA Division II, and NCAA Division III. In football, however, Division I is further divided into two subdivisions: the Bowl Subdivision, abbreviated as FBS, and the Championship Subivision, abbreviated as FCS. The subdivisions are further subdivided into conferences, which are groups of schools that compete against each other for a conference championship. The FBS currently has ten conferences, which are often divided into the "Power Five Conferences" and the less well-known "Group of Five".

    Although FCS programs can attract thousands of fans per game, many FCS schools are trying to join FBS in hopes of increased revenue, corporate sponsorship, alumni donations, prestige, and national notoriety. However, FBS programs also face increased costs in terms of salaries, facility improvements, and scholarships. The sports departments of many FBS schools lose money every year, and rely on subsidies from the rest of the university. The 2014 decision by the University of Alabama at Birmingham (an FBS program) to end its football program made headlines across the country. Other FBS programs have also considered closing their football programs. In many states, the highest paid public employee is the head coach of an FBS team. FBS schools are limited to a total of 85 football players who receive financial assistance.

    In order to keep FBS membership, schools must meet various requirements. FBS schools must have an average of at least 15,000 spectators over a period of two years. A FBS school must sponsor at least 16 intercollegiate teams (including football) with at least six male or co-education teams and at least eight all-female teams. In all sports, each FBS school must offer at least 200 athletic scholarships per year (or spend at least $ 4 million on athletic scholarships), and FBS football teams must provide at least 90% of the maximum number of football scholarships (currently 85).

    Schedule and bowl games

    The FBS season begins in late August or early September and ends in January with the College Football Playoff National Championship finals. Most FBS teams play 12 regular season games per year, with eight or nine of these games being played against conference opponents. All ten FBS Conferences host a conference championship game to determine the winner of the conference. With conference games, non-conference games, a conference championship game, and a bowl game, a top FBS team could play 14 games in one season. A team playing in the National Championship game can play up to 15 games, as each team playing in the National Championship must first win a semi-final bowl game. The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and teams playing in Hawaii receive a special exemption and are allowed to play a thirteenth regular season game to save on travel expenses. So an FBS team that plays 13 regular season games, a conference championship game, a semi-final bowl game, and the National Championship game can theoretically play 16 games in one season.

    Number of bowl games
    year Bowls Teams in bowls
    1968 11 N / A
    1984 18th ~ 30%
    1997 20th ~ 35%
    2017 40 60.5%

    For regular season games outside the conference, FBS teams can schedule games against any other FBS team regardless of its conference. A small number of FBS teams are independent and have complete control over their own schedule. Non-conference games are planned by mutual agreement and often involve long-standing rivalries. A study from 2014 found that teams from the stronger conferences often play non-conference games against teams from the weaker conferences or occasionally against FCS teams. FBS teams can schedule up to forty percent of their games against FCS teams, however FBS teams can only use one win per season against an FCS team for bowl eligibility. In addition, the FCS opponent must have reached an average of at least 90% of the FCS limit of 63 scholarship equivalents over a period of two years. A FBS team has to plan a total of five home games per year. For the planning, a "home game" must take place at a location where the team plays 50% of its "home games", although a team with a neutral location against an FBS team may count as a "home game". FBS-FCS games, known as "money games", are often home games for the FBS team and FCS team wins are usually viewed as surprises. FCS teams receive hundreds of thousands of dollars for participating in these games. Probably the best known case of a victory of an FCS team against one from the FBS was the game Appalachian State Mountaineers against Michigan Wolverines in 2007, which the Mountaineers won 34:32.

    New Year's Six Bowls
    bowl place First year
    Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA 1902
    Orange Bowl Miami Gardens, FL 1935
    Sugar bowl New Orleans, LA 1935
    Cotton Bowl Arlington, TX 1937
    Peach bowl Atlanta, GA 1968
    Fiesta Bowl Glendale, AZ 1971

    The Football Bowl subdivision takes its name from the bowl games that many FBS teams play at the end of the year, although other college divisions have their own bowl games as well. FBS bowl games are played at the end of the season in December or January and collectively generate over $ 400 million annually as of 2012. There were 40 bowl games for the 2017/18 bowl season. To qualify for a bowl, an FBS team must have a positive win rate. In certain cases, 5: 7 and 6: 7 teams for bowls can also be selected to fill vacancies for bowls.

    Many bowls have a fixed conference binding. For example, the Camping World Bowl features a match between teams from the ACC and the Big 12. A small number of traditional bowls played an important role in the Bowl Championship Series, which selected the national champion until 2015. These bowls continue to play an important role in the college football playoffs. Under the playoffs there are six large bowls known as New Year's Six. Two of these bowls serve as the semifinals for the College Football Playoff National Championship game. Conferences receive millions of dollars for every school that makes the playoffs. Performances in other bowls are also quite lucrative.

    history

    College football has been played for over a hundred years, but the game and organizational structure of college football have evolved significantly during that time. The first college football game was played in 1869, but the game continued to evolve in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During this time, Walter Camp pioneered the concept of a line of scrimmage , the down system, and the college football All-America team. The 1902 Rose Bowl was the first bowl game in college football history, and was held annually from 1916 onwards. In the 1930s, more bowl games emerged, including the Sugar Bowl , the Cotton Bowl Classic, and the Orange Bowl . The 1906 college football season was the first season played as part of the IAAUS (which later became the NCAA) and the first season the forward pass was legal. The IAAUS was formed after President Theodore Roosevelt urged colleges to find ways to make football a safer sport in response to several deaths during football games. In 1935 the Heisman Trophy was awarded for the first time ; The award is widely recognized as the most prestigious individual award in college football. In 1965, the NCAA voted to allow the platoon system, in which different players played in attack and defense. Teams had previously experimented with the concept in the 1940s. In 1968 the NCAA began to allow newcomers to participate in games who had previously had to complete a Redshirt year. After an increase in "grants" (grants awarded for athletic rather than academic or personal reasons), the NCAA agreed in 1975 to limit the number of athletic scholarships that each school could offer. In 1968, the NCAA asked all teams to identify themselves as members of the University Division (for larger schools) or the College Division (for smaller schools). In 1973 the NCAA was then split into three divisions. At the urging of several larger schools seeking greater autonomy and community, Department IA was established before the 1978 season. The remaining teams in Division I formed the Football Championship Subdivision, or FCS (then known as Division I-AA). In 1981, members of the College Football Association attempted to create a fourth division made up entirely of the most competitive schools. However, these efforts have been dashed. In the 1992 season, the SEC split up into divisions and played the first FBS Conference Championship game. The Big 12 and Western Athletic Conference did the same for the 1996 season, and most of the conferences eventually accepted divisions and championship games.

    The NCAA does not officially award an FBS football championship, but several teams have won national championships. Other organizations have also tried to evaluate the teams and crown a national champion. The Dickinson System and other methods were established in the early 20th century to help select the best team in the country, and the AP Survey and Trainer Survey began ranking teams in the mid-20th century. In many seasons, juries such as the AP and the Trainer Survey have identified various teams as national champions. Often more than one team ended up undefeated because there was no guarantee that the top teams would play against each other during the regular season or in bowl games. In 1992, five major conferences formed the Bowl Coalition to determine the FBS champion. In 1998, the two remaining major Conferences for the Bowl Championship Series followed. The BCS used a ranking system to match the top two teams in the BCS National Championship Game . But even in the BCS era, there were split National Championships, as different National Champions were selected in the 2003 AP survey and the coach survey. The four-team college football playoffs replaced the BCS from the 2014 season.

    There is currently no uniform system for providing FBS players with financial compensation in addition to scholarships. At the head of the compensation movement is California Governor Gavin Newsom . Newsom stated, "College athletes risk everything - their physical health, future career prospects, and years of life to keep up. Colleges reap billions of sacrifices and achievements, but keep them from making a dollar at the same time to earn, "he said in a statement. "This is a bankrupt model - one that puts institutions in front of the students they are supposed to serve. It has to be changed." Newsome has passed a law in California called the Fair Play to Pay Act that allows athletes to capitalize on their name, image, and appearance. The law is expected to come into force on January 1, 2023.

    The FBS on TV

    College football first aired on radio in 1921 and on television in 1939. Television became profitable for both universities and the NCAA, which strictly controlled the broadcasting of games in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The NCAA set a limit of six television appearances for each football team over a two-year period. In an NCAA legal battle against the boards of directors of the University of Oklahoma and the University of Georgia in 1981, unlike the NCAA, individual schools were granted television rights and teams were able to televise all of their games. After a period when the FBS schools negotiated jointly under the College Football Association, the 1991 Notre Dame Television Agreement ushered in an era when schools and conferences negotiated their own television agreements. This new era of television resulted in several waves of conferences being redirected, particularly in 1996, 2005, and the early 2010s. FBS games continue to be a big draw on television. Over 26 million people watched the 2014 BCS National Championship Game.

    American channels like CBS , ABC , NBC , several ESPN channels, several Fox channels all have the FBS in their programs, as do several regional and local channels. Since Conferences negotiate their own contracts, each Conference is linked to a broadcaster that broadcasts its home games. In the mid-2000s, colleges and conferences began to set up their own television channels. These broadcasters include the Big Ten Network, BYUtv, the Longhorn Network, and the Pac-12 Network. In 2012, college football games drew over 400 million viewers.

    In Germany, the streaming service DAZN showed three games per week in the 2019 season, as well as the play-offs and selected bowl games. In addition, one game per week was broadcast on Pro7Maxx .

    Teams and Conferences

    Conferences

    FBS teams and conferences
    year Conferences Teams
    1980 13 138
    1990 9 107
    2000 11 116
    2010 11 120
    2020 10 130

    history

    The Big Ten (then known as the Western Conference) were founded in 1896. Thereafter, several other schools joined together to form conferences, including the Pacific Coast Conference, the MVIAA, the Southwest Conference, the Southern Conference , the Mountain States Conference (also known as the Skyline Conference) and the Border Conference. In 1928, six schools separated from the MVIAA to form the Big Six Conference, which was expanded to include the Big Eight in 1957. The remaining schools formed the Missouri Valley Conference . In 1932, several southern schools formed the Southeastern Conference after separating from the Southern Conference. In 1953, several other schools separated from the Southern Conference to form the ACC . Several schools in the Midwest founded the MAC in 1946 . Several northeastern elite schools had founded the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League in 1901, and its members (plus Brown University , at the time not a member of the EIBL) signed the Ivy Group Agreement in 1945, which regulated football competition between the signatories. The Ivy League was officially formed in 1954 when the agreement was expanded to include all sports. In 1959, the Pacific Coast Conference disbanded and most of its former members formed the new Athletic Association of Western Universities, which became the Pac-8 when other former PCC members joined. In 1962, several schools of the Mountain States Conference and the Border Conference formed the Western Athletic Conference . In 1969, the Pacific Coast Athletic Association (PCAA), later known as the Big West Conference , was formed by several Division II schools in California wishing to join Division I.

    Before the 1978 season, Division I was divided into Division IA (the predecessor of the FBS) and the I-AA (the predecessor of the FCS). At that time there were several independent IA schools and twelve IA conferences: the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the Big 10, the Pacific-10 (Pac-10), the Big 8, the Southwest Conference (SWC), the Western Athletic Conference (WAC), the PCAA (which later changed its name to Big West), the Missouri Valley Conference, the Southern Conference, the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), the Mid-American Conference (MAC), and the Ivy League. The Ivy League and Southern Conference moved to Division I-AA prior to the 1982 season, while the Missouri Valley Conference ceased promoting football prior to the 1985 season. In 1991, the Big East Conference recruited several independent schools and began promoting football to become a major conference. In 1996, Conference USA (C-USA), founded last year through the merger of the Non-Football Metro and Great Midwest Conferences, also began promoting football. That same year, the Southwest Conference disbanded and four of its former members joined the Big 8 to form the Big 12 Conference . In 1999, eight WAC schools separated to form the Mountain West Conference (MW). Before the 2000 season, Big West stopped promoting football. The Sun Belt Conference began promoting football in 2001. After phases of Conference realignment in 2005 and the early 2010s, the ACC, Big 10, SEC and Pac-10 (which changed their name to Pac-12) were expanded. The WAC was reorganized as a non-football conference and the Big East split into the American Athletic Conference and a new non-football conference that kept the name Big East.

    Current conferences

    See also: List of Football Teams for the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision

    Most of the 130 FBS schools are members of a FBS conference, but there are also a small number of independent schools. Since the Western Athletic Conference stopped sponsoring football before the 2013 season, the FBS has held ten conferences. All FBS Conferences have between ten and fourteen members, although the independent University of Notre Dame has a schedule agreement with the fourteen-member ACC. The ten Conferences will be divided into two groups for the purposes of the College Football Playoff . The Power Five Conferences consist of most of the largest and most popular college sports programs in the country. A school at one of the Power Five Conferences won every BCS National Championship game (held from 1999 to 2014) and has won every College Football Playoff National Championship. The remaining five conferences are known as the "Group of Five". Each conference can split its teams into two divisions, while only the Big 12 conference does not use divisions. Since the 2018 season, all conferences have hosted a championship game that determines the conference champion. The Sun Belt Conference was the last conference to start a championship game and the last to be split into divisions for football. Both the title game and division alignment were introduced in 2018. The Conference chose to form football divisions even though it only consists of 10 teams.

    Conference Nickname Founded football

    Members

    		sports Headquarters
    American Athletic Conference The American (official)

    AAC (informal)

    		1979 12 22nd Providence, Rhode Island
    Atlantic Coast Conference † ACC 1953 14th 26th Greensboro, North Carolina
    Big 12 Conference † Big 12 1996 10 21st Irving, Texas
    Big Ten Conference † Big Ten, B1G 1896 14th 28 Rosemont, Illinois
    Conference USA C-USA 1995 14th 19th Irving, Texas
    Division I FBS Independents 6th
    Mid-American Conference MAC 1946 12 23 Cleveland, Ohio
    Mountain West Conference MW (official)

    MWC (informal)

    		1999 12 19th Colorado Springs, Colorado
    Pac-12 Conference † Pac-12 1915 12 24 San Francisco, California
    Southeastern Conference † SEC 1932 14th 20th Birmingham, Alabama
    Sun Belt Conference Sun Belt 1976 10 18th New Orleans, Louisiana

    † "Big Five" conferences with guaranteed seats in the "Access Bowls" associated with the College Football Playoff.

    Change of teams to FBS

    The Liberty University has started on 1 July 2017 the FBS transition process. The NCAA granted the school a waiver of its normal transition rules, which require an invitation from an FBS conference before the transition begins. The Flames played in the Big South Conference in 2017 but did not qualify for the FCS playoffs. For 2018 and beyond, the Flames became an independent member of the FBS. The school initially intended to remain a Big South member in other sports until it was invited to an FBS conference, but joined the non-football conference ASUN in 2018 .

    The most recent school to complete an FBS transition is Coastal Carolina University , which completed its FBS transition for the 2018 season. The Chanticleers transition began with the Big South school moving to the Sun Belt Conference on July 1, 2016. Coastal joined the 2016/17 non-football Sun Belt member, with the football team independently in the FCS for the 2016 season played. The school then joined Sun Belt Football in 2017 and played a full conference schedule.

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Harris Poll: NFL still most popular; MLB 2nd. January 26, 2014, accessed March 4, 2020 .
    2. ↑ Based on [[List of Football Teams for the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision]]
    3. ↑ 14 for '14: Top small-school prospects. Retrieved March 4, 2020 .
    4. ↑ BRIAN NIELSEN Sports Editorbnielsen@jg-tc.com: So what's in a college football subdivision name? Retrieved March 4, 2020 .
    5. ↑ a b Bill Pennington: Big Dream, Rude Awakening . In: The New York Times . December 29, 2012, ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed March 4, 2020]).
    6. ^ Steve Berkowitz, Jodi Upton and Erik Brady: Most NCAA Division I athletic departments take subsidies. Retrieved March 4, 2020 (American English).
    7. ^ Thayer Evans: UAB will fire its athletic director and shut down the football program. Retrieved March 4, 2020 (American English).
    8. ↑ Zach Schonbrun, Ben Strauss: UAB's Decision to Eliminate Football Is One Others Have Faced . In: The New York Times . December 7, 2014, ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed March 4, 2020]).
    9. ↑ Infographic: Is Your State's Highest-Paid Employee A Coach? (Probably). Retrieved March 4, 2020 (American English).
    10. ^ College Football Scholarships. Football Recruiting. Retrieved March 4, 2020 .
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    12. ↑ a b Wisch: Does College Football Need A 13-Game Regular Season? February 16, 2013, accessed March 5, 2020 (American English).
    13. ↑ Brant Wilkerson-New Winston-Salem Journal: Sun Belt to add football championship game in 2018. Accessed March 5, 2020 .
    14. ^ Additional Football Game. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
    15. ^ Bowl Subdivision. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
    16. ↑ College Football Bowl Season's Bloated In three charts . Retrieved December 25, 2014. 
    17. ^ The percentage of FBS teams in bowl games
    18. ↑ College Football. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
    19. ^ NCAA. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
    20. ↑ HomeGame. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
    21. ↑ a b The Greatest Upset of Them All. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
    22. ^ George Schroeder, USA TODAY Sports: College football playoff revenue distribution set. Retrieved March 5, 2020 (American English).
    23. ↑ NCAA.org. August 3, 2012, accessed March 5, 2020 .
    24. ^ George Schroeder: Power Five's College Football Playoff revenues will double what BCS paid. Retrieved March 5, 2020 (American English).
    25. ↑ LuAnn Bishop: 11 historic tidbits about The Game. November 18, 2013, accessed March 7, 2020 .
    26. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    27. ↑ foxsports Dec 13, 2014 at 8:59 p.m. ET: Oregon QB Marcus Mariota wins Heisman Trophy; Wisconsin's Gordon finishes 2nd in voting. December 13, 2014, accessed March 7, 2020 (American English).
    28. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    29. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    30. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    31. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    32. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    33. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 6, 2020 .
    34. ↑ Dan Wolken: Auburn claims it won 1993 national championship ... it didn't. Retrieved March 7, 2020 (American English).
    35. ↑ Bob Batchelor, Danielle Sarver Coombs: American History through American Sports: From Colonial Lacrosse to Extreme Sports [3 volumes]: From Colonial Lacrosse to Extreme Sports . ABC-CLIO, 2012, ISBN 978-0-313-37989-5 ( google.com [accessed March 7, 2020]).
    36. ↑ California Governor Signs Bill Allowing College Athletes To Profit From Endorsements. Retrieved March 12, 2020 .
    37. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    38. ↑ a b USATODAY.com - 1984 TV ruling led to widening sweep of the college game. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    39. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    40. ^ NCAA's First Century. Retrieved March 7, 2020 .
    41. ↑ 404 Page Not Found. Accessed March 7, 2020 (English).
    42. ^ BCS National Championship: Cable's Third Largest Audience Ever. In: ESPN Press Room US January 7, 2014, accessed March 7, 2020 (American English).
    43. ^ Pac-10 Isn't Planning to Launch a Network - Los Angeles Times. December 1, 2008, accessed March 7, 2020 .
    44. ↑ Passion for College Football Remains Robust> National Football Foundation> NewsDetail. April 7, 2014, accessed April 17, 2020 .
    45. ↑ Perform Media Deutschland GmbH: Where can I watch college football live on TV and live stream? January 8, 2020, accessed March 7, 2020 .
    46. ↑ 1980 Standings . Sports Reference. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
    47. ↑ 1990 Standings . Sports Reference. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
    48. ↑ 2000 Standings . Sports Reference. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
    49. ↑ 2010 Standings . Sports Reference. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
    50. ^ Tracing the History of NCAA Conferences . In: The New York Times . ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed March 8, 2020]).
    51. ↑ Sources: Smaller leagues look to add bowls. June 11, 2013, accessed March 8, 2020 .
    52. ↑ To unlikely champ for Big Ten expansion: Paterno | Berry Tramel's blog. July 8, 2012, accessed March 8, 2020 .
    53. ↑ Brant Wilkerson-New Winston-Salem Journal: Sun Belt to add football championship game in 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2020 .
    54. ↑ Flames Rising. Retrieved March 8, 2020 .
    55. ↑ ASUN Conference Announces Liberty University as League Member for 2018-19. May 17, 2018, accessed March 8, 2020 .
    56. ^ Sun Belt Conference: Coastal Carolina to Join Sun Belt Conference. Retrieved March 8, 2020 .

    See also