Neprjajewa started at the beginning of the 2011/12 season for the first time in the Eastern Europe Cup in Krasnogorsk and finished 47th and 28th in the sprint and 44th place over 10 km classic. At the Nordic Junior World Ski Championships 2013 in Liberec , she won the silver medal with the relay. In February 2013 she won bronze over 5 km classic, silver in the sprint and gold in the mixed relay at the European Youth Olympic Winter Festival in Brașov . The following month she became Russian junior champion over 10 km classic. At the Nordic Junior World Ski Championships in 2014 in Fiemme Valley , she won silver with the relay and gold over 5 km classic. She ran her first World Cup race in Lahti at the beginning of March 2014 , finishing 72nd in the sprint and 53rd place in the 10 km freestyle. Two weeks later she became the Russian junior champion in skiathlon . At the Nordic Junior World Ski Championships in 2015 in Almaty , she won the 5 km freestyle and the bronze medal in the sprint and the silver medal with the relay. At the beginning of the 2015/16 season she came 46th at the Nordic Opening in Kuusamo . In the further course of the season she got her first World Cup points with the 28th place in the 30 km mass start race in Oslo and finished 29th in the Ski Tour Canada . After finishing 37th in the World Cup mini tour in Lillehammer at the beginning of the 2016/17 season, she achieved four podium finishes in the Eastern Europe Cup. She took her first victory in the Eastern Europe Cup sprint in Syktywkar and finished sixth in the overall standings at the end of the season. At the beginning of April 2017 she was second in the 30 km mass start race at the Russian championships in Khanty-Mansiysk . At the beginning of the 2017/18 season, she took eighth place in the Ruka Triple and 11th place in the Tour de Ski 2017/18 . At the U23 World Championships in Goms in 2018 , she won the bronze medal in the sprint and the silver medal in the skiathlon. At the season highlight, the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , she won the bronze medal with the relay. At the end of the season in Lahti she achieved her first podium finish in the classic world cup with second place over 10 km and finally took 14th place in the sprint world cup, 13th place in the overall world cup and distance world cup and first place in the U23 world cup. At the end of March 2018 she became Russian champion over 10 km classic and sprint in Syktywkar.
After finishing eighth in the Lillehammer Tour at the beginning of the 2018/19 season, Neprjajewa achieved second place in the Tour de Ski 2018/19 with three second places and one first place, second place in the tour standings. At the World Cup in Otepää she was second in the sprint and third in Cogne over 10 km classic. At the Nordic World Ski Championships in 2019 in Seefeld in Tirol , she won bronze medals in both the skiathlon and the relay. In March 2019 she finished second in the 30 km mass start race in Oslo and third in the sprint in Drammen . At the World Cup final in Québec , she achieved 12th place and finally reached fifth place in the Sprint World Cup, third place in the Distance World Cup and second place in the overall World Cup. At the Rollerski World Championships 2019 in Madona , she won the classic gold medal over 10 km. At the beginning of the following season, she took 18th place in the Ruka Triple and second place in the Tour de Ski 2019/20 . This was followed by second places in Nové Město over 10 km freestyle and in the pursuit, in Falun in the sprint and won her second World Cup victory in the sprint in Oberstdorf . She finished the season in fourth place in the Distance World Cup and Sprint World Cup and in third place in the overall World Cup.
After finishing tenth in the Ruka Triple at the beginning of the 2020/21 season, Neprjajewa finished third in the sprint in Davos and second in the team sprint in Dresden . At the Tour de Ski 2021 , which she finished in seventh place, she clinched her third World Cup victory in the 10 km mass start race in Val di Fiemme. At the season highlight, the Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf , she won the silver medal with the relay. At the end of the season she finished 25th in the 10 km mass start race in the Engadin and 39th in the pursuit and finally reached tenth place in the Distance World Cup and sixth place in both the overall World Cup and the Sprint World Cup. At the end of March 2021, she became the Russian sprint champion in Tyumen . In the summer of 2021, with two first and three second places, she achieved fourth place in the overall ranking of the Rollerski World Cup. At the Rollerski World Championships in Val di Fiemme in 2021 , she won the silver medal in the 13 km mass start race and the 10 km freestyle and the gold medal in the team sprint.