Necmettin Erbakan

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Necmettin Erbakan (2006)
Signature of Necmettin Erbakan

Necmettin Erbakan (born October 29, 1926 in Sinop , † February 27, 2011 in Ankara ) was an Islamist Turkish politician . He was Deputy Prime Minister several times and Prime Minister of Turkey from June 28, 1996 to June 30, 1997 . He is considered the (political) foster father of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan .

Life

After attending school in Kayseri , Trabzon and Istanbul , he began studying mechanical engineering, which he finished at the Istanbul Technical University in 1948. He continued his studies in Aachen . In 1953 he did his doctorate at the Technical University of Aachen on the subject of "Theory about the processes up to ignition in the diesel engine". This was followed by a position in research and as an engineer at Deutz , where he was involved in the development of the Leopard tank . In 1965 he became a professor at the Istanbul Technical University .

politics

In 1970 Erbakan founded the first party of the Millî Görüş movement: the National Order Party ( Millî Nizam Partisi , MNP). However, this was banned again in 1971. In 1973 he founded the National Salvation Party ( Millî Selamet Partisi , MSP), with which Erbakan was Deputy Prime Minister from 1974 to 1978 in three different coalitions.

After the military coup of September 12, 1980 , he was imprisoned and in 1982 a first ten-year political ban was imposed on him, which was ended by a referendum in 1987. In the same year Erbakan was elected chairman of the Welfare Party ( Refah Partisi , RP), with which he was Prime Minister from 1996 to 1997. According to the Lower Saxony Office for the Protection of the Constitution , Erbakan used his time as Prime Minister to promote Islamization in domestic and foreign policy. His coalition government quickly came into conflict with the secular state doctrine established by Kemal Ataturk , whose mainstays are the military . On February 28, 1997, the military leadership in the National Security Council dictated a memorandum calling on the government to take a package of measures against the Islamist movement. Their implementation was unacceptable for Erbakan and he resigned on June 30, 1997. This creeping fall under military pressure has come to be known as the “ postmodern coup ”. The RP was banned by the Constitutional Court in December 1997 and Erbakan was again banned from politics for five years for sedition. Erbakan and others sued the European Court of Human Rights against the party ban, which, however, upheld the ban ruling in 2001 and 2003.

In December 1997, the Virtue Party ( Fazilet Partisi , FP) was founded as its successor , which was banned in June 2001. As a result, the Happiness Party ( Saadet Partisi , SP) was founded in July 2001 . While a reform wing under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan successfully split off as the Party for Justice and Recovery ( Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi , AKP) in 2001 , Erbakan became chairman of the SP after his political ban came to an end in 2003.

At a party congress of the SP in July 2010, there was a conflict with party chairman Numan Kurtulmuş , because he did not include family members and friends of Erbakan on his electoral list for the party executive. After the internal party dispute escalated in August and a court case for the SP ordered new elections in September, Kurtulmuş resigned as chairman on October 1, 2010 and founded the new Has Parti . On October 18, 2010, Erbakan was elected party leader of the SP.

Convictions

At the end of 2003, Erbakan was convicted of fraud and forgery (139 cases) in connection with the party funds of the banned RP and therefore resigned from the SP party chairman and resigned from the party in 2004; However, he was still considered the leader and leading thinker of the Millî Görüş movement. In addition to being sentenced to originally more than two years' imprisonment, which Erbakan delayed several times and which was finally converted into house arrest by a law of the AKP government in 2006, Erbakan was obliged to pay 2.6 trillion TL (2.6 million YTL ) . By 2007 this debt had grown to around 12 trillion (old) Turkish Lira (12 million YTL) due to interest . The list of assets requested by Erbakan was rejected by the judicial authorities as incomplete. According to newspaper reports from 2003, Erbakan owned, among other things, a yalı on the Bosporus valued at 17 million US dollars. Finally, after his summer residences in Altınoluk ( Balıkesir Province ) and three other houses were confiscated , his three-month pension of YTL 20,000 was also seized. Erbakan's policy ban ended in April 2009.

On February 27, 2011, Necmettin Erbakan died of heart failure in Ankara. His body was buried in the Merkezefendi Mezarlığı cemetery in the Zeytinburnu district of Istanbul next to his wife Nermin Erbakan, who died in 2005. Erbakan left three children.

Positions

Erbakan was convinced that Islam was the only salvation for mankind, which he believed to be scientifically and historically proven. Erbakan is said to have introduced the ideological key terms Millî Görüş (“National View”) and Adil Düzen (“Just Order”) into the Turkish-Islamist debate, because in Turkey, which sees itself as secular, the propagation of an “Islamic order” ( İslamî nizam ) Prohibition of party and criminal consequences could result. The book “Millî Görüş”, written by Erbakan in 1973 and translated as “National World View”, was considered an MSP party ideology. Erbakan wanted to unite the Turkish citizens under the umbrella of nationalism and Islamism and to establish an Islamist state in Turkey.

In the mid-80s, Necmettin Erbakan took up the ideology "Adil Düzen" developed by Süleyman Karagülle in 1976 for the Refah party program and in 1991 published the book Adil Ekonomik Düzen ("Just Economic Order "). Erbakan assumed a two-part world order: a so-called “just” “world order” based on Islam, which determined all secular and religious regulations of life. He described western politics as a “void” or “wrong order”, since it was not based on justice but on power.

The West is ruled by "a racist imperialism, that is, Zionism ". This was created 5765 years ago through a "magic book called Kabbalah ". Erbakan spoke openly of an alleged Zionist world conspiracy and of the fact that Zionism organized all the crusades , created the "sect of Protestantism " and charged them with the establishment of the capitalist order.

“Zionism is a belief and an ideology centered around the banks on New York's Wall Street. The Zionists believe that they are the actual and chosen servants of God. They also believe that other people were created to be their slaves. They assume that it is their job to rule the world. They understand the exploitation of other people as part of their belief system. The Zionists have brought imperialism under their control and exploit all of humanity through the capitalist interest economy. They exercise their rule through imperialist states. "

- Necmettin Erbakan : The just order

A country report by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , published in 2003, quoted Erbakan as saying “We will definitely come to power, but whether this will happen with or without bloodshed is an open question” and interpreted this as evidence of “radicalism his movement ”.

Web links

Wikiquote: Necmettin Erbakan  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A Turkish Islamist , taz.de; accessed on January 28, 2017.
  2. ↑ Islamist Erbakan loves strong words , Berliner Zeitung (online); accessed on January 28, 2017.
  3. ↑ Dietrich Alexander: Kemalism: Ataturk - Erdogan's great role model and enemy . In: THE WORLD . June 17, 2013 ( welt.de [accessed November 2, 2017]).
  4. ↑ Gunnar Koehne: Hour of Truth for Father "Derca" ; Berliner Zeitung of July 8, 1996
    Turkish Islamist from the very beginning. The "Hodscha" Necmettin Erbakan is eighty ; FAZ of October 28, 2006, p. 5.
  5. ↑ a b Verfassungsschutz NRW about Erbakan ( Memento from February 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ Dietrich Jung: Religion and Politics in Turkey. Secularist theocracy or Kemalist panopticon? In: Re | ligion - State - Politics. On the role of religion in national and international politics. Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, pp. 83–98, on p. 83.
  7. ↑ JUDGMENT IN THE CASE OF REFAH PARTISI (THE WELFARE PARTY) ERBAKAN, KAZAN AND TEKDAL v. TURKEY ( Memento from January 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) July 31, 2001
  8. ↑ GRAND CHAMBER JUDGMENT IN THE CASE OF REFAH PARTISI (THE WELFARE PARTY) AND OTHERS v. TURKEY February 13, 2003 Press release issued by the Registrar
  9. ^ Kurtulmuş resigns as Saadet leader in Turkey Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review , October 1, 2010
  10. ↑ 84-year-old Erbakan elected Felicity Party leader ( Memento November 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Today's Zaman October 18, 2010
  11. ^ Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia via Erbakan ( Memento from November 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ "Erbakan'ı faiz yaktı" ( Memento from May 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) www.internethaber.com ("Interest have ruined Erbakan" translation from Vorarlberg Online, December 27, 2007)
  13. ^ Turkish daily newspaper Zaman on July 4, 2003 on the subject of villas on the Bosporus
  14. ↑ Erbakan goes bankrupt  ( page no longer accessible , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. According to Vatan, Turkish Press Scanner of the Turkish Daily News, June 16, 2008@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.turkishdailynews.com.tr  
  15. ↑ Erbakan should be pardoned  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. by Yusuf Kanli, TDN, June 17, 2008@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.turkishdailynews.com.tr  
  16. ↑ Saban Kardas: Turkey's Veteran Islamist Erbakan Visits Iran. In: Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 6 / Issue 76, April 21, 2009.
  17. ^ Turkey: First Islamist head of government, Erbakan, has died. Spiegel Online , February 27, 2011, accessed August 3, 2016 .
  18. ↑ Background information on foreign extremism ( memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Excerpt from the Berlin Office for the Protection of the Constitution 2006, p. 238.
  19. ↑ Claudia Dantschke , Eberhard Seidel, Ali Yıldırım: Allah is always there taz from September 2, 2000
  20. ↑ Mike Roth: Islamic Student Day in Hagen. Controversial organization Milli Görüş is recruiting new talent ; Deutschlandfunk , April 2, 2007; Diagram of Erbakan's understanding of history in https://acikerisim.tbmm.gov.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11543/2631/199601001.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y  ; from: Necmettin Erbakans Adil ekonomik düzen ; Ankara 1991, p. 96.
  21. ↑ Tek yol İSLÂM birliği , Milli Gazete , May 29, 2006 (Turkish)
    Meeting of the “Muslim Association” in Istanbul ( Memento of March 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), report and translation of the Institute for Islamic Issues of the Evangelical Alliance , June 1 2006
  22. ↑ Interview with Erbakan broadcast on July 1, 2007 in Turkey: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4XVwjfN-Yo English translation by Memri , excerpts translated into German: Karl Pfeifer: Von “Bacteria” and others "Zionists" (reproduced on hagalil.com, September 6, 2007); The Jewish , September 5, 2007
  23. ^ Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia: Islamism - instrumentalization of religion for political purposes. Brochure of the protection of the constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia, 2002 3 ; P. 28 (pdf) ( Memento from January 10, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  24. ^ Wulf Eberhard Schönbohm: The new Turkish ruling party AKP - Islamist or Islamic-democratic? ; Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung , country reports, Sankt Augustin, February 19, 2003
personal data
SURNAME Erbakan, Necmettin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Turkish Islamist politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 29, 1926
PLACE OF BIRTH Sinop
DATE OF DEATH February 27, 2011
Place of death Ankara