Neuheide (Schönheide)

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Neuheide
Community of Schönheide
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 52 ″  N , 12 ° 30 ′ 49 ″  E
Height : 613-680 m
Incorporation : July 1, 1949
Postal code : 08304
Area code : 037755
Neuheide (Saxony)
Neuheide

Location of Neuheide in Saxony

Neuheide is a part of the municipality of Schönheide in the Erzgebirge district . The place, which emerged from around 1650, is located southeast of the Kuhberg .

Surname

The Historical Place Name Book of Saxony considers the name Neuheide to be deliberately based on the name of Schönheide, indicates the first use of the name “Die Neuheyda” in 1727 in a “Concept Rift” and interprets it as “newer, more located in the forest Place ”, because the“ heather ”in the name has the meaning of“ heather, woodland ”.

Geographical location and geological conditions

Neuheide on a map from around 1900

The location of the settlement is characterized by the eastern slope of the Kuhberg ( 795  m above sea level ) and the terraced northern slope of the Fuchsstein ( 721.9  m above sea level ), which was called Bismarckhain from 1915 to 1945. From about 680 meters on the Kuhberghang in the westernmost part, the terrain falls in an easterly direction to a height of about 613 meters. The Neuheide area is part of the Eibenstock granite massif. The Filzbach, which rises on the Kuhberghang - formerly also called the Kuhbach - flows through Neuheide in a west-east direction and forms a gentle valley. The area of ​​the former municipality covers about 81 hectares. After the Second World War there were eleven farms with areas between two and ten hectares. The Filzbach was dammed in two ponds, so the former - gemeindlich to Schönheider hammer belonging - Red mill could be operated even during dry periods.
According to the natural space map of Saxony , the area lies in the mesogeochore "Schönheider plateau" and belongs to the microgeochore "Schönheider Kuppengebiet". The "Kuhberg-Ridge" connects to the west.

The Neulehn district of the municipality of Stützengrün is located north of Neuheide .

history

Neuheide from the Fuchsstein

Neuheide was after the beginning of the settlement of Schönheide, which is dated to 1537, a dependent and not designated part of this place. In the founding deed of Schönheide, the so-called liberation letter of the sovereign Balthasar Friedrich Edler von der Planitz of March 20, 1549, districts are not mentioned, nor in the deed of December 23, 1563 about the sale of Schönheide to Prince Elector August . The founding deed of 1549 established the Filzbach flowing from the Kuhberghang through Neuheide from west to east as the northern border of the area assigned to the Schönheid settlers. In the course of time, settlers used the territorial lord's land north of the area to which they were entitled as arable, meadow and pasture land and also erected buildings. They paid interest for this use . In 1651 Johann Heinrich Günther, who later succeeded his father in office as head forester in Schönheide, had some houses built in the area, which was much later called Neuheide. In 1678 the elector granted him lower jurisdiction for the “ official free property ”. The further expansion with new houses, which were mainly intended for landless workers, took place without a permit, which was only noticed by a complaint from the brewing cooperative and the Schönheide craftsmen's guild in 1738 at the Schwarzenberg district office . Johann Heinrich Günther had collected the usual services from the inhabitants of his area, such as compulsory labor, rent, lace and craft money, without paying the elector's hereditary interest. Christian Gottlob Wabst mentions Neuheide as "Das Günthersche Forwerck" . In 1741 a stock of 16 houses was determined and the legal situation was reorganized by the administration of the elector: The official free property was only exempt from compulsory labor, but not from other taxes. The residents formed a community over which the landowner held the lower jurisdiction and the Schwarzenberg district office held the upper jurisdiction. In 1727 the place name Die Neuheyda was used. The name "Günthersches Gut" was in use for a long time, around 1730 the place name Neuheyda came up. The number of houses rose, in 1754 there were 23. In his map series from the beginning of the 18th century, Adam Friedrich Zürner uses the name Neueheyde .

In the alphabetical index of all places in Saxony from 1791 it says:

Neuheyde, Gebürgiger Creys, Amt Schwarzenberg, Amtssäßiges Gut with some cottagers, created around the year 1709 on inherited rooms, with 6 bushels of fields, together with meadow wax, has 23 houses, is called Günther Gut.

Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi reported in the third volume of his "Description of the Earth of the Electoral Saxon Lands", the third edition of which appeared in 1804:

Neuheyde is an official Freyguth with 23 houses and 217 inhabitants.

A further increase did not begin again until the beginning of the 19th century.

August Schumann describes Neuheide in 1820

August Schumann wrote in Volume 7 of his State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony, published in 1820:

Neu-Heyde, Neuheide, a free estate, which is official, and a place of around 25 houses and 220 inhabitants, in the kingdom of Saxony, in the Erzgebirge district, in the Schwarzenberg district, and north near Schönheide, where it is also parish .
Neuheide in a picture postcard from 1898

In the fifth volume of supplements, the 18th volume of the complete work, published in 1833, it says:

Neuheide, Neuhayde is 3 St. SWlich v. Schneebg., 4 ½ St. v. Schwarzenbg. u. 1 ½ St. v. Eybenstock west, 2 St. east from Auerbach, on the Filzbache (which swells in W, i.e. in the near Voigtland Kr., And eastwards over Markerswinkel, a separate Th. V. Schönheide, flows down into the lower part of Schönheide), not far from the SOUTH foot of the Kühberg, in forest. u. to the boggy area. In 1801 there were 217 consumption. on; now there are 300 E. here, including a chief forester u. a school teacher; see Schönheide. In 1822 the estate was owned by a Mr. Günther, 1820 a Mr. Sippach.

Albert Schiffner describes Neuheide in his "Handbook of Geography, Statistics and Topography of the Kingdom of Saxony", published in 1839:

Neuheide (with hereditary courts under the local Sippachian freehold, on the corridor of which the place is set; with higher courts under the office, parish to Schönheide, but with its own school; 1834 = 34 houses and 281 inhabitants) understands 1 Pechhütte, 1 inn, 1 mill, was Former seat of the head forester, and is not far from Schönheida, on the way to Kirchberg and Schneeberg, 1 ¼ hour west-north-west of Eibenstock, on the Filzbach brook rushing down from the Kuhberge.

In the work "Saxony's Church Gallery" published in 1844, the Schönheid pastor Gottlieb Friedrich Wagner wrote:

Gut Neuheide, ½ hour away from Schönheide, with its own dishes, belonging to Mr Karl Gottlieb Leuthold and with a population of 292 individuals, also has its own school with a special teacher for around 50 children. the school house, which was built in 1790, was expanded and improved a few years ago with the support of the High Cultministerii.

Around 1848 Albert Schiffner sketched Neuheide in his work "Führer im Muldenthale" as follows:

The Oertchen Neuheide parish after Schönheide with 40-50 houses is scattered on the way to Kirchberg and at the beginning of the Filzbach (which joins the village water in Niederschönheide) and is set on the ground of the now Leitholdischen free property, but is subject to the court of Eibenstock in criminal cases . In addition to the school, there is also a mill, a tavern and one of the many pitch huts in the local area. More distant in the north-west, and covered with royal black wood, the Kuhberg rises from a great distance, already striking near Leipzig, to Lohrmann 2,440 feet high.

With the Saxon rural community order of 1839, the freedom of design options for the freehold owner ended. A parish council and council members were elected.

In the equidistant map of 1876 the name Neuhaide is used.

The economic and economic technological development followed that of Schönheide. In the 18th and first half of the 19th century, besides forest work, lace making, sewing and black plate processing, combined with direct sales in the form of peddling, were widespread as a trade.

View of Neuheide around 1910

The address book from 1930 shows a baker, a painter, a tailor, a shoemaker, a speaking machine shop, two inns, a material goods and cut goods shops, five brush factories and a brushwood factory. In terms of civil society institutions, only the Neuheide Workers 'Gymnastics Club and the Neuheide Workers' Bike and Motorbike Club are listed.

On July 1, 1949, Neuheide was incorporated into Schönheide (law on the amalgamation of the communities Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide - Aue district - of April 29, 1949). In this law, the place name was specified as "Community Schönheide - district Neuheide". Neuheide was perceived as belonging to Schönheide well over a hundred years earlier.

Development of the population

Waldschlößchen inn
Former Gasthaus Waldschlößchen in the 21st century
  • 1752: 23 cottagers
  • 1801: 217
  • 1833: 300
  • 1840: 292
  • 1844: 292
  • 1855: 295
  • 1861: 339
  • 1871: 349
  • 1875: 337
  • 1880: 330
  • 1890: 385
  • 1895: 433
  • 1900: 375
  • 1905: 504
  • 1910: 544
  • 1925: 518
  • 1939: 484
  • 1946: 432

Public facilities

Swimming pool in the 1930s

The Neuheid children went to school in Schönheide until 1780 or 1790. Since then there has been a school building in Neuheide with 50 children by 1840. The school was rebuilt as early as 1859, and the next new building took place in 1893. In 1859 the school was called Schönheide's “secondary school”. The owner of the Neuheider estate had the patronage .

The school was operated as a one-class school with 90 children in 1900 with only one teacher. Up until 1951, pupils from the first to fourth grades were taught in just one room. This school was still in operation when Neuheide was incorporated into Schönheide. From 1951 on, the Neuheid children went to Schönheides in the upper school in Oberdorf. Neuheide has not had a school since then. In 1837 Neuheide made a financial contribution to the new cemetery in Schönheide. Instead of building a new poor house of their own to replace the inadequate old one, Neuheide gave a grant to Schönheide in 1861. Neuheide never had its own church or chapel; it was parish off to Schönheide. There was the "Schönheider Kirchsteig", which led from Neuheide over Berg Allee to the church in Schönheide.

In 1936 an open-air swimming pool for the municipality of Schönheide, fed by the water of the Filzbach, was opened. It was designed in such a way that a natural ice surface suitable for ice hockey games was created in winter, the lighting of which also allowed games in the dark. In 1958 the ice hockey area was renewed and the ice rink was given the name “Stadium of Unity”.

In the 1990s, the swimming pool was demolished and the Schönheide artificial ice stadium was built in its place .

Economy and Infrastructure

Commercial enterprises

Today, a medium-sized model construction company and construction companies such as tilers, window and door construction and a demolition company operate in Neuheide as a commercial enterprise. The company Bernd Flach Präzisionstechnik relocated to Neuheide in 2012. The district's bakery was closed in summer 2019. A company that trades in spare parts, tools and care products for two-wheelers such as motorcycles, mopeds and similar, but also cars, manufactured in the GDR and the Czech Republic, is based in Neuheide.

traffic

Railway facilities in Neuheide

A lorry ending in Neuheide, which branches off from the road to Stützengrün in Schönheide, opens up the district. In addition, there is an access road from Oberschönheide that is not permitted for trucks. The Görlitz-Greiz long-distance hiking trail leads through the town in an east-west direction. The Wilkau-Haßlau-Carlsfeld narrow-gauge railway, which was operated from 1893, ran in a wide arc around Neuheide, coming from the north, and the trains stopped at the Neuheide stop , which was called Schönheide Nord from 1950 . Operations ceased in the 1970s. Since 1994 the Schönheide Museum Railway has been operating the section between Schönheide and the Stützengrün stop again. On the days of travel, the trains stop in Neuheide.

literature

  • Saxony's church gallery. 11th volume. The Voigtland, including the ephorias of Plauen, Reichenbach, Auerbach, Markneukirchen, Oelsnitz and Werdau . Dresden 1844, pp. 178–179 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  • Georg Buchwald (Hrsg.): New Saxon Church Gallery. Ephorie Schneeberg . Leipzig 1902, columns 557-574 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  • Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide . Schönheide o. J. (1909), ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library , also reprint of the Schönheide community 1992)
  • Ernst Flath: The history of the founding of Schönheide - for the upcoming four-centenary of the place . In: Glückauf - Journal of the Erzgebirgsverein. No. 5/1937. May 1937. Pages 65-70
  • Ernst Flath: From the history of our hometown , in: Heimatgeschichtliche Festzeitung. Festive supplement to the Schönheider Wochenblatt of August 21, 1937 on the occasion of Schönheide's four-centenary
  • The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 102f.

Web links

Commons : Neuheide  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Concept-Riß Kreis-Amt Schwarzenberg concerning 1727, see Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (Hrsg.): Historical book of place names of Saxony , edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch , Hans Walther and Erika Weber, 3 volumes, series sources and research for Saxon History 21, de Gruyter-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 , Volume III: Apparat und Register, p. 61 ( link to the digitized version in the Saxon State and University Library Dresden , accessed on March 18, 2019 )
  2. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (ed.): Historical book of place names of Saxony , edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber, 3 volumes, Volume II: M – Z, p. 102 ( link to the digitized version in the Sächsische State and University Library Dresden , accessed on March 18, 2019)
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (Ed.): Historical book of place names of Saxony , edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber, 3 volumes, Volume III: Apparat und Register, p. 171 ( link to the digitized version in the Sächsische State and University Library Dresden , accessed on March 18, 2019)
  4. ↑ a b The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 103.
  5. ↑ Natural space map service of the Landschaftsforschungszentrum eV Dresden ( information )
  6. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), pp. 177–179 Digitized in the Dresden State and University Library
  7. ↑ Gottfried August Arndt Archive of Saxon History , Part 2, Leipzig 1785, pp. 367–388 (online)
  8. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), pp. 181–192 Digitized in the Dresden State and University Library
  9. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 302 Digital copy in the Dresden State and University Library
  10. ^ The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 102.
  11. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 304 Digitized in the State and University Library Dresden
  12. ↑ Christian Gottlob Wabst: Historical message from the Electorate of Saxony and its associated lands Current constitution of the high and lower justice, drawn up from authentic documents by, Mit Königl. Pohlnischen and Churf.-Fürstl. Saxon Privilegio . Leipzig 1732, Beylage p. 90 Digitized in the SLUB Dresden , accessed on March 26, 2015.
  13. ↑ a b Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 305 Digitized in the Dresden State and University Library
  14. ↑ For the various designations, see Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (Hrsg.): Historical book of place names of Saxony, Volume II MZ , edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber, in series: Sources and research on Saxon history, published by the Saxon Academy of Sciences zu Leipzig, Volume 21, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 , p. 102 ( online , page cannot be called up directly, enter page number) Explanations, abbreviations and the cited literature can be found here: Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther (Hrsg.): Historical book of place names of Saxony, Volume III - apparatus and register , edited by Ernst Eichler, Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Hans Walther and Erika Weber, in series: Sources and research on Saxon history, published by the Saxon Academy of Sciences zu Leipzig, Volume 21, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 (online)
  15. ^ Adam Friedrich Zürner : Atlas Augusteus Saxonicus (copy A), map of the Erzgebirgischen Kreis, 1711–1742, description: XVIII, General-Charte von Gebürgischen Creisse. Of the Electorate of Saxony Ertzgebürgischer Creis, in which the offices contain […] , dating: 1711–1742. Link to the map in the Dresden State and University Library
  16. ↑ Alphabetical index of all the written and official resident of the Electorate of Saxony and the associated states, including accisable large and small towns, offices, castles, spots, knight estates, villages, forwerge, parishes, post stations, shepherds, mills, taverns, desert brands, all mining, colliery, mine, hut, also forest, forest and hunting buildings, the same high furnaces, smelters, pounding and hammer works, also pitch huts etc, likewise in which creys, office or jurisdiction each duly, with added notes . Second considerably increased and improved edition. With Churfürstl. Saxon. gracious privilege, in the Waltherische Hofbuchhandlung, Dresden 1791, p. 366 (digitized version)
  17. ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth description of the electoral and ducal Saxon lands. Volume 3, 3rd edition, Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1804, p. 285, (online)
  18. ↑ a b c Ernst Flath: Local studies and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 306 Digital copy in the Dresden State and University Library
  19. ↑ Neu-Heyde, Neuheide . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 7th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1820, p. 65.
  20. ↑ Neuheide, Neuhayde . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 18th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1833, p. 286.
  21. ^ Albert Schiffner : Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony . First delivery, containing the district of Zwickau, Friedrich Fleischer, Leipzig 1839, p. 192f., Abbreviations written out
  22. ↑ a b Saxony's church gallery. 11th volume. The Voigtland, including the ephorias of Plauen, Reichenbach, Auerbach, Markneukirchen, Oelsnitz and Werdau . Dresden 1844, p. 179 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  23. ^ Albert Schiffner: The leader in the Muldenthale, from the Voigtlands heights to the union of the two hollows . In 16 deliveries, containing 37 views, taken from nature by Gustav Täubert, lithographed by J. Riedel, Verlag von Gustav Täubert, Dresden (no year, 1848), p. 12 ( link to the digitized version in the Leipzig University Library p. 12 cannot be called up directly, scroll through in the digitized version or click on “Schönheide” in the table of contents on the left.). The height specified for the Kuhberg would be just under 690 meters using the Dresden foot and a little over 690 meters using the Leipzig foot, i.e. it deviates by over 100 meters from the actual height.
  24. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 307 Digital copy in the Dresden State and University Library
  25. ↑ Sheet 136 of the Saxon equidistant map on a scale of 1: 25,000 from 1905 ( link to the map in the Dresden University Library )
  26. ↑ Address book for the cities of Aue ... and 21 rural communities, Auer Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Aue 1930, pp. 336–337 (digitized version )
  27. ↑ Directories of the municipalities incorporated since May 1945, 1952, published by the Ministry of the Interior of Saxony
  28. ↑ Minutes of the 59th meeting on April 29, 1949 of the 1st electoral period of the Saxon State Parliament, p. 1270 (digitized version)
  29. ↑ Law on the amalgamation of the communities Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide of April 29, 1949, in: Resolutions of the plenum of the 1st electoral period of the Saxon State Parliament , p. 172
  30. ↑ Albert Schiffner: Home and school supplies of the customer of Saxony: for higher educational institutions and every Saxon citizen who needs the exact knowledge of his fatherland. Verlag Comptoir, Grimma 1836, p. 155 (digitized version) , accessed on April 28, 2015.
  31. ^ Historical place directory of Saxony , accessed on August 2, 2014.
  32. ↑ Karl Gottlob Dietmann writes in 1755 that the so-called Günthersche Gut consists of 23 houses . (Karl Gottlob Dietmann: The entire ... priesthood in the Electorate of Saxony ... Volume I.3: Konsistorium Wittenberg. Richter, Dresden, Leipzig 1755 , S. 609 ( digitized in the ULB hall ). )
  33. ↑ a b c Georg Buchwald (Ed.): New Saxon Church Gallery. Ephorie Schneeberg . Leipzig 1902. Column 565 (digitized version)
  34. ↑ a b c d e f g Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 128 Digitized in the State and University Library Dresden
  35. ↑ CFT Rudowsky: Directory of the entire localities of the Kingdom of Saxony ... after the census on December 3, 1855. Ramming, Dresden 1857, p. 47. and (digitized)
  36. ^ A b c d e Siegfried Sieber: To Aue, Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt. Values ​​of our homeland. Volume 20. 3rd edition. Berlin 1974, p. 181.
  37. ↑ a b c Georg Buchwald (Ed.): New Saxon Church Gallery. Ephorie Schneeberg. Leipzig 1902, Sp. 565 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  38. ↑ August room: Ramming's Church-Statistics Handbook for the Kingdom of Saxony , Sixth Edition, Ramming-Verlag, Dresden 1859, p. 250 ( link to the digitized version )
  39. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 308 Digitized in the State and University Library Dresden
  40. ^ Karl Gottlob Dietmann : The entire ... priesthood in the Electorate of Saxony ... , Part 1 Volume 3 Consistory Wittenberg. Dresden and Leipzig 1755, p. 609 (digitized version)
  41. ↑ at Openstreetmap.org , accessed on January 5, 2019
  42. ^ Community Schönheide (ed.): Plan of the socialist construction 1958 of the community Schönheide / Erzgeb. Schönheide o. J. (1957 or 1958), p. 19.
  43. ^ Company website , accessed April 19, 2017.
  44. ↑ Schönheider Wochenblatt, No. 28–30 / 19 of July 12, 2019, p. 5
  45. ↑ Ost2Rad.de website, accessed on August 9, 2019
  46. ↑ Museumsbahn Schönheide e. V. accessed on September 28, 2014.