Nickel Sumcorite

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Nickel Sumcorite
Nickeltsumcorite & Annabergite.jpg
Yellow crystal lawn made of nickel sumcorite, with apple-green annabergite from the Km 3 mine , Lavrio , Attica, Greece
General and classification
other names

IMA 2013-117

chemical formula Pb (Ni, Fe 3+ ) 2 (AsO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O, OH) 2
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Phosphates, arsenates and vanadates
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		8.CG.15 ( 8th edition : VII / C.31)
02/40/09/09 (?)
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system monoclinic
Crystal class ; symbol monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m
Space group C 2 / m (No. 12)Template: room group / 12
Lattice parameters a  = 9.124  Å ; b  = 6.339 Å; c  = 7.567 Å
β  = 115.19 °
Formula units Z  = 2
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness ≈ 4
Density (g / cm 3 ) 5.02 (calculated)
Cleavage clearly after {001}
Break ; Tenacity uneven; brittle
colour yellow, brownish yellow, light brown, brown; yellowish brown in transmitted light
Line color yellow
transparency translucent (aggregates) to translucent (small crystals)
shine Glass gloss
Crystal optics
Refractive indices n α  = 1.820
n β  = 1.870
n γ  = 1.900
Birefringence δ = 0.080
Optical character biaxial negative
Axis angle 2V = 74 ° (calculated)
Pleochroism not pleochroic

Nickel sumcorite is a very rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " phosphates , arsenates and vanadates ". It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the chemical composition Pb (Ni, Fe 3+ ) 2 (AsO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O, OH) 2 and is therefore chemically a water-containing lead - nickel - iron - arsenate with a variable proportion of additional hydroxide ions .

Nickel sumcorite develops at its type locality on carbonate minerals such as calcite and dolomite, seated, elongated, flattened crystals , which form aggregates of radial spheres or dense concentric nodules up to a maximum of 0.15 mm in diameter. The type locality of the mineral are the mining dumps of the old mine "Km 3" in the mining district Lavrion, Attica region , Greece, 2.5 km west of Lavrion and not far from the village of Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) .

Etymology and history

In 2012 Russian and Greek scientists found a mineral on the dump of the former mine “Km 3” near Agios Konstantinos, which turned out to be a new representative of the tsumcorite group. After extensive studies, the new phase was presented to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), which recognized it as a new mineral in 2013. In 2016, an international team of scientists led by the Russian mineralogist Igor V. Pekov and Nikita V. Chukanov , Dmitry A. Varlamov , Dmitry I. Belakovskiy , Anna G. Turchkova , Panagiotis Voudouris , Athanassios Katerinopoulos and Andreas Magganas in the English science magazine "Mineralogical Magazine" described as nickel sumcorite. The authors named the mineral because of its kinship with tsumcorite and the dominance of nickel on the Me (2) position. Tsumcorit had its name from the Tsum eb Cor poration Limited in recognition of their many years of intensive efforts to special investigation of the mineralogy of the ore deposit of Tsumeb.

The type material for nickel sumcorite (holotype) is listed under catalog no. 94317 kept in the systematic collection of the Mineralogical Museum " Alexander Evgenjewitsch Fersman " of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow , Russia .

classification

The current classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) counts nickel sumcorite to the tsumcorite group with the general formula Me (1) Me (2) 2 (XO 4 ) 2 (OH, H 2 O) 2 , in which Me (1), Me (2) and X different positions in the structure of the minerals of the tsumcorite group with Me (1) = Pb 2+ , Ca 2+ , Na + , K + and Bi 3+ ; Me (2) = Fe 3+ , Mn 3+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mg 2+ and Al 3+ and X = As 5+ , P 5+ , V 5+ and represent S 6+ . To Tsumcoritgruppe include not only Nickeltsumcorit still Cabalzarit , Cobaltlotharmeyerit , Cobalttsumcorit , Ferrilotharmeyerit , Gartrellit , Helmutwinklerit , Kaliochalcit , Krettnichit , Lotharmeyerit , Lukrahnit , Manganlotharmeyerit , Mawbyit , Mounanait , Natrochalcit , Nickellotharmeyerit , Nickelschneebergit , Phosphogartrellit , Rappoldit , Schneebergit , Thometzekit , Tsumcorit , Yancowinnait and Zinc Gartrellite . Nickel sumcorite forms together with tsumcorite ( Me (2) = Zn), mawbyite (Fe3 + ) and cobalt sumcorite (Co) the "tsumcorite subgroup".

The 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , which is out of date but still in use in some cases, does not yet list nickel sumcorite. It would belong to the mineral class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there to the department of "water-containing phosphates without foreign anions ", where together with cabalzarite, cobalt solder armorite, cobalt sumcorite, ferrilotharmyyerite, gartrellite, helmutwinklerite, krettnichite, lotharmeyerite, lucronite, manganese Mawbyite, Mounanaite, Nickellotharmeyerit, Nickelschneebergit, Phosphogartrellite, Rappoldit, Schneebergit, Thometzekit, Tsumcorit and Zinc Gartrellite the "Tsumcorit-Gartrellite Group" with the system no. VII / C.31 would have formed.

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the IMA, does not yet recognize nickel sumcorite. Here, too, it would be placed in the “Phosphates, etc.” section without additional anions; with H 2 O “. However, this is further subdivided according to the relative size of the cations involved and the molar ratio of phosphate, arsenate or vanadate complex to the water of crystallization content , so that the mineral can be classified according to its composition in the subsection “With large and medium-sized cations; RO 4  : H 2 O = 1: 1 " would be found where it is presumably together with cabalzarite, cobalt solder armyerite, cobalt sumcorite, ferrilotharmeyerite, krettnichite, Lotharmeyerite, Manganlotharmeyerite, mawbyite, mounanaite, nickellotharmeyerite, nickel snow mountainite" Tsumcorkite group, Schneebergite “With the system no. 8.CG.15 would form.

Also the systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking area , would classify nickel sumorite in the class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there in the department of "water-containing phosphates etc.". Here it would be together with cobalt sumcorite, helmutwinklerite, mawbyite, nickel snow mountainite, rappoldite, snow mountainite, Thometzekit and tsumcorite in the " Helmutwinklerite subgroup " with the system no. 02/40/09 within the subsection “Phosphates containing water, etc., with A 2+ (B 2+ ) 2 (XO 4 ) × x (H 2 O)”.

Chemism

Six microprobe analyzes on nickel sumcorite resulted in mean values ​​of 28.12% PbO; 2.79% CaO; 0.30% MgO; 0.15% CoO; 17.39% NiO; 0.76% ZnO; 6.83% Fe 2 O 3 ; 0.57% Mn 2 O 3 ; 38.17% As 2 O 5 and 4.92% H 2 O (calculated). On the basis of ten oxygen atoms , the empirical formula (Pb 0.76 Ca 0.30 ) Σ = 1.06 (Ni 1.39 Fe 3+ 0.51 Zn 0.06 Mn 3+ 0.04 Mg was calculated from them 0.04 Co 0.01 ) Σ = 2.05 As 1.99 O 7.97 [(H 2 O) 1.25 (OH) 0.78 ], which leads to Pb (Ni, Fe 3+ ) 2 ( AsO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O, OH) 2 was idealized. Material from the Clara mine has ratios of Ni: Co = 4.1: 1 or Ni: Co: Cu: Fe ratios of about 1.0: 0.48: 0.27: 0.14.

In the crystals there is a mixed crystal formation on the Me (2) position with the inclusion of Ni and Fe 3+ and to a lesser extent Zn, Mn 3+ , Mg and Co as well as a substitution of Ca for Pb on the Me (1) position spread. As generally in the tsumcorite group, the coupled substitution of divalent by trivalent cations takes place according to the scheme Me 2+ + H 2 O 0 ↔ Me 3+ + OH - .

Nickel sumcorite is the Pb-dominant analogue of the Ca-dominated nickellotharmyerite, with which it forms an at least incomplete mixed crystal row . The Pb: Ca ratio in this series varies from Pb 99 Ca 1 to Ca 69 Pb 31 . Nickel sumcorite is also the Ni-dominant analogue of the Co-dominated cobalt sumcorite , the Zn-dominated tsumcorite and the Fe 3+ -dominated mawbyite.

Crystal structure

Nickel sumcorite crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system in the space group C 2 / m (space group no. 12) with the lattice parameters a  = 9.124  Å ; b  = 6.339 Å; c  = 7.567 Å and β = 115.19 ° as well as two formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 12

The crystal structure of the nickel sumcorite is identical to the structure of the other representatives of the tsumcorite group. The Me (2) Φ 6 - octahedra (Φ: O 2− , OH - , H 2 O) have common edges and are arranged as chains stretched in the direction of the b-axis [010]. These chains are shared by corners with AsO 4 - tetrahedra linked to each other, thereby forming layers having the composition Me (2) (AsO 4 ) (OH, H 2 O), which are arranged in parallel (001). The topology of this layer is identical to that in natrochalcite, NaCu 2 (SO 4 ) 2 (H 3 O 2 ). The Pb 2+ cations are located between the layers and ensure the connection between the layers in the direction of the a-axis [100]. The Me (1) position is occupied by Pb atoms and to a minor extent by Ca atoms. The Me (2) position is occupied by Ni and Fe and, to a lesser extent, Zn, Mg, Mn 3+ and Co.

Nickel sumcorite is isotypic (isostructural) to the monoclinic representatives of the tsumcorite group such as tsumcorite and natrochalcite.

properties

morphology

At its type locality, nickel sumcorite develops sedentary crusty aggregates up to 2 mm in diameter and a maximum of 0.2 mm thick on a matrix of mainly carbonate minerals, quartz and manganese oxides / hydroxides. The aggregates consist of radial spheres or dense, concentric nodules up to a maximum of 0.15 mm in diameter, the surface of which rarely shows divergent crystals. The nickel sumcorite crystals, up to a maximum of 0.02 mm long, are elongated, sometimes flattened and flattened. They are mostly incomplete, typically split up, divergent and rarely combined to form fan-shaped aggregates. Nickel sumcorite from the Clara mine in the Black Forest forms crusty aggregates of subparallel fused tabular crystals or kidney crystalline crusts on a quartz matrix.

physical and chemical properties

The crystals of nickel sumorite from "Km 3" are yellow, brownish-yellow, light brown and brown, while from the "Clara pit" pink-brown or yellow-brownish shades are called. The line color of the nickel sumcorite crystals, however, is always yellow. The surfaces of the translucent aggregates and transparent crystals have a diamond-like sheen , which agrees well with the values ​​for light refraction . Very high values ​​for light refraction (n α  = 1.820; n β  = 1.870; n γ  = 1.900) and a high value for birefringence (δ = 0.080) were identified on the crystals of nickel sumorite . Under the microscope the mineral is yellowish brown in transmitted light and shows no pleochroism .

Nickel sumcorite has a clear cleavage according to {001}. Due to its brittleness , however , it breaks like amblygonite , with the fracture surfaces being uneven. With a Mohs hardness of ≈ 4.5, the mineral is one of the medium-hard minerals and, like the reference mineral fluorite, can be easily scratched with a pocket knife. The calculated density for nickel sumorite is 5.02 g / cm³.

There is no information on possible fluorescence of the mineral in UV light , as well as information on its chemical behavior.

Education and Locations

Nickeltsumcorit is a typical secondary mineral , which, as the most representative of Tsumcoritgruppe in which oxidation zone of arsenic-rich polymetallic non-ferrous metal - deposits formed. Thus, the type locality of Nickeltsumcorits the oxidation zone of a Gersdorffit and galena leading hydrothermal ore body is. Decomposed galena and calcite, provided the lead or necessary for the mineral formation of calcium , iron probably originates from weathered pyrite , while nickel and arsenic were provided at the resolution of Gersdorffit .

As a very rare mineral formation, nickel sumcorite could only be described from two sources so far (status 2018). The type locality of Nickeltsumcorits are mining dumps of the old mine "Km 3" 2.5 km west of Lavrion and near the village of Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ( Modern Greek Αγ. Κωνσταντίνος (Καμάριζα) ) close to Plaka, Mining District Lavrion , Region Attica , Greece , very near the "Km 3" milestone on the road from Laurion to Agios Konstantinos. Paragenesis minerals at "Km 3" are other Nickeloxysalzminerale as Annabergit , Nickellotharmeyerit, Nickelaustinit , gaspeite and a Ni-dominant representatives of the serpentine group , probably Pecorait . In addition, calcite, dolomite, aragonite , quartz , goethite , cerussite , arseniosiderite , mimetesite , oxyplumboroméite (bindheimite), a calcium-rich representative of the Roméit group ( hydroxycalcioroméit ?) And undefined black manganese oxides / hydroxides were identified. This association occurs in cavities and pores of incompletely oxidized Ni-Pb-As-Sb-containing ores. The richest aggregations of nickel sumcorite have been observed in the vicinity of altered gersdorffite-galena nests, typically surrounded by cerussite fringes.

In addition to the type locality, nickel sumcorite is also known from the Clara mine in the Rankach Valley near Oberwolfach , Black Forest , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . Nickel sumcorite was found here in the gersdorffite mineralization of the fluorspar vein and is accompanied by annabergite, cobalt-containing annabergite, nickel-containing gartrellite, mimetesite, erythrin , bayldonite and bismuthite as well as gersdorffite.

Occurrences of nickel sumcorite in Austria or Switzerland are therefore not known.

use

Due to its rarity, nickel sumcorite is only of interest to mineral collectors.

See also

literature

  • Igor V. Pekov, Nikita V. Chukanov, Dmitry A. Varlamov, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Anna G. Turchkova, Panagiotis Voudouris, Athanassios Katerinopoulos, Andreas Magganas: Nickeltsumcorite, Pb (Ni, Fe 3+ ) 2 (AsO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O, OH) 2 , a new tsumcorite-group mineral from Lavrion, Greece . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 80 , no. 2 , 2016, p. 337–346 , doi : 10.1180 / minmag.2016.080.003 .
  • Nickel Sumcorite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 199 kB ; accessed on June 3, 2018]).

Web links

Commons : Nickeltsumcorite  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Igor V. Pekov, Nikita V. Chukanov, Dmitry A. Varlamov, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Anna G. Turchkova, Panagiotis Voudouris, Athanassios Katerinopoulos, Andreas Magganas: Nickeltsumcorite, Pb (Ni, Fe 3+ ) 2 (AsO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O, OH) 2 , a new tsumcorite-group mineral from Lavrion, Greece . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 80 , no. 2 , 2016, p. 337–346 , doi : 10.1180 / minmag.2016.080.003 .
  2. ↑ Nickeltsumcorite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 199  kB ; accessed on June 3, 2018]).
  3. ↑ a b Bruno H. Geier, K. Kautz, G. Müller: Tsumcorite (e) [PbZnFe (AsO 4 ) 2 ] · H 2 O, a new mineral from the oxidation zones of the Tsumeb mine, South West Africa . In: New yearbook for mineralogy, monthly books . tape 1971 , 1971, p. 305-309 .
  4. ↑ a b Werner Krause, Klaus Belendorff, Heinz-Jürgen Bernhardt, Catherine McCammon, Herta Effenberger, Werner Mikenda: Crystal chemistry of the tsumcorite-group minerals. New data on ferrilotharmeyerite, tsumcorite, thometzekite, mounanaite, helmutwinklerite, and a redefinition of gartrellite . In: European Journal of Mineralogy . tape 10 , 1998, pp. 179-206 , doi : 10.1127 / ejm / 10/2/0179 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Uwe Kolitsch, Günter Blaß, Hans-Werner Graf, Joachim Gröbner: New finds from the Clara mine in the central Black Forest . In: Lapis . tape 29 , no. 2 , 2004, p. 22-23 .
  6. ↑ a b Werner Krause, Herta Effenberger, Heinz-Jürgen Bernhardt, Mirko Martin: Cobalttsumcorite and nickellotharmeyerite, two new minerals from Schneeberg, Germany: description and crysral structure . In: New yearbook for mineralogy, monthly books . tape 2001 , no. 12 , 2001, p. 558-576 .
  7. ^ Allan Pring, Elizabeth Maud McBriar, William D. Birch: Mawbyite, a new arsenate of lead and iron related to tsumcorite and carminite, from Broken Hill, New South Wales . In: The American Mineralogist . tape 74 , no. 12 , 1989, pp. 1377–1381 ( rruff.info [PDF; 589 kB ; accessed on May 26, 2018]).
  8. ↑ Mindat - Nickeltsumcorit
  9. ↑ Joël Brugger, Sergey V. Krivovichev, Uwe Kolitsch, Nicolas Meisser, Michael Andrut, Stefan Ansermet, Peter C. Burns: Description and crystal structure of manganlotharmeyerite, Ca (Mn 3+ , ◻, Mg) 2 {AsO 4 , [AsO 2 (OH) 2 ]} 2 (OH, H 2 O) 2 from the Starlera Mn deposit, Swiss Alps, and a redefinition of lotharmeyerite . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 40 , no. 4 , 2002, p. 1597–1608 , doi : 10.2113 / gscanmin.40.6.1597 ( rruff.info [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on February 20, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Mindat - Number of localities for nickel sumcorite
  11. ↑ a b c List of locations where nickel sumcorite was found in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat