Niederberf

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Niederberf , also Nieder-Berf , is a partially desolate settlement about 1 kilometer west-northwest of Hattendorf in what is now the Vogelsbergkreis in northern Hesse . The Berfhof located there today and the former Berfmühle located not far to the west of it with the neighboring so-called Kleiner Berfhof are to be regarded as remnants of the partial desertification.

Berfmühle, residential building
Berfmühle, barn
Berfhof
Berfhof

Geographical location

The settlement was in the flood plain of Berf to 250-255 m above mean sea level, probably on both sides of the small river , which here in several loops through the valley meanders . Today's Berfhof is located on the left bank of the river in an approximately 650 m wide and just as deep Nordschleife ( Lage ), the Berfmühle and the Kleine Berfhof are about 500 m further west in the immediately adjacent Südschleife on the right bank of the Berf ( Lage ). The former Mühlgraben , which ran parallel to the Berf on the north side of the Berfhof loop to below the mill at a distance of about 40–50 m, is now largely dry.

About 200 m south of the Berfhof, the state road 3295 runs east-west from Hattendorf to the west to federal road 254 , which leads from Alsfeld in the south to Schrecksbach and on to Schwalmstadt - Ziegenhain . The district boundary between the Vogelsbergkreis in the south and the Schwalm-Eder district in the north runs not far north of the three farms .

history

The settlement was in what was then the county of Ziegenhain and until 1360/67 under the jurisdiction of the court on the Wasen , then the court of Neukirchen . It was first mentioned in writing in 1282 as "inferior Berfe" in a document from the Immichenhain monastery , when the Lords of Altenburg handed over their inheritance to the monastery. The place name is later given as "Nidernberfe" and "Niedern Berff". The monastery gradually became the dominant landowner in the area, but other nobles and religious institutions also had property or income in Nieder-Berf for a long time. 1293 the monastery Immichenhain waived against founded in 1278 Johanniter Coming Grebenau on disputed goods to low-Berf, the provost Herbord the Coming had sold, and in 1296, the monastery, the Ludwig pledged called Mylchilin (probably a Schutzbar called Milchling one third) lifetime of Paying tithes from the farmland in Nieder-Berf opposite the so-called Kranichwiese. In 1364/67 the Hersfeld Abbey pledged its income from a stock in Nieder-Berf to the Immichenhain monastery; the senders of the abbey in Ottrau were fed from this validity .

The settlement was never very large: at the beginning of the 1360s there were only eight stocks in Nieder-Berf, from which the Immichenhain monastery received annual income. The place was still called a village in 1367, now with seven stocks, but in the following years it gradually shrank to a court settlement, probably due to the gradual acquisition of a large part, if not the entire corridor through the Immichenhain monastery. By 1481 at the latest, the place, with the exception of the Hofgut, had fallen into desolation; In that year the provost of Immichenhain gave notice of some desolation , including Nieder-Berf.

After the monastery Immichenhain after the introduction of the Reformation in the land county Hessen (the county Ziegenhain was in 1450 fell to the Landgrave) dissolved in 1527 and its ownership of Landgrave Philip had fallen, this fief in 1538 his chamberlain and privy councilor Konrad Diede for Fürstenstein first with half of the former monastery property including accessories, d. H. the farms of Volkershof and Niederberf. The other half was initially used to finance court and state administration, as well as the running costs of the parish . This fiefdom was renewed and expanded on August 17, 1544 and now included the monastery property including the building yard, the village of Immichenhain with the local Weinzapf, the Volkershof as well as income from Leimbach , Neukirchen , Riebelsdorf , Holzburg and the Berfmühle, which at that time was directly on the border of the The districts of Alt-Hattendorf and Immichenhain lay, and the tithe to Niederberf. This fiefdom remained in the family's possession until the Diede zum Fürstenstein in December 1807, the male line. Thus Niederberf belonged to the noble court Immichenhain der Diede zum Fürstenstein until 1807.

The place remained almost uninhabited: in 1585 only a house seat was mentioned, which obviously referred to the mill. Also in the years 1681 and 1708/10 only the Berfmühle appeared as Nieder-Berfhof, from 1777 the mill and the courtyard.

In December 1807 after the Electorate of Hesse of Napoleon annexed and part of the kingdom of Westphalia had become attracted Jérôme Bonaparte , from his brother's grace King of Westphalia, Immichenhain after the death of the last Baron Diede to Fiirstenstein Wilhelm Chistoph as home fief and there was, together with the castle and lordship of Fürstenstein , as a hereditary fiefdom to his favorite Pierre Alexandre le Camus , when he was raised to the rank of Count von Fürstenstein. On April 15, 1808, Jérôme converted the fief into allodial possession . Le Camus sold the Immichenhain estate on August 11, 1809 to Jérôme's court marshal, Baron Anne-François Louis Bertrand de Boucheporn. After the end of the Napoleonic interlude and the restitution of the Electorate of Hesse , the property, including the farm and mill in Niederberf, was confiscated on January 18, 1814 and became the Hessian state domain.

In 1885 there were three houses (Berfmühle, Kleiner Berfhof and Berfhof) with a total of 25 residents.

In 1928, the previously independent manor district, Domain Immichenhain, was largely incorporated into Immichenhain, while the Berfmühle and the two farms were incorporated into what was then Alt-Hattendorf. On October 1, 1937, the previously independent communities Alt-Hattendorf and Neu-Hattendorf were merged to form the community of Hattendorf.

today

Berfhof and Berfmühle are inhabited and managed. The Berfhof is a four-sided courtyard complex with a splendid, two-storey half-timbered residential building from the late 18th century on a massive basement with a two-sided staircase in front of the portal . The courtyard is a Hessian cultural monument due to the existing structure . It is run as a hospitality business , with guest rooms and a nature campsite.

The Berfmühle house dates from the middle of the 18th century, is well preserved in its original substance and is also a Hessian cultural monument.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The present-day village of Berfa , located about 11 km to the east-southeast, was named "superior Berfe", 1295 as "Berfe", 1302 as "Ober-Berphe", 1524 as "Berff" or "Berffe", around 1580 as "Obernberf ", 1585 as" Berf "and on the level map of the Electorate of Hesse 1840–1861 as" Berffa ". ( Berfa, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).).
  2. ↑ Immichenhain, Schwalm-Eder district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  3. ^ Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hesse , Volume 5, Kassel 1835 (p. 391-392)
  4. ^ Cultural monuments in Hesse
  5. ↑ Berfmühle, State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse

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