Nicholas of Troilo

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Nikolaus von Troilo (also: Nicolaus von Troylo ; Latin: Nicolaus Troilus ; * January 25, 1582 in Breslau , Principality of Breslau ; † December 3, 1640 ibid) was the resident canon in Breslau . He belonged to one of the most influential families in Wroclaw.

Life

Nikolaus von Troilo came from the Italian-South Tyrolean noble family Troilo . His parents were Johann Franz von Troilo, who had emigrated from Bozen to Breslau before 1572 , and Katharina von Freund from Polish Weistritz in the Principality of Schweidnitz .

Together with his younger brother Franz Gottfried, Nikolaus was given by his father to study at the Prague Jesuit College Clementinum in 1597 , which had received university rights in 1562. Even before matriculation, the father had received an assurance from Cardinal Aldobrandini that his son Nicholas would receive the next canonical that would become available in Wroclaw . He is documented as a Breslau canon as early as 1598 . In Prague, which at that time was the capital of the empire under Rudolf II , Nicholas received a comprehensive insight into art and science. Since several Silesians were studying at the Clementinum at the same time, he made numerous friendships there, including with the later Breslau canons Michael Hiltprandt and Friedrich Berg (h) (1576–1641) and the later Chamber President of Silesia , Karl Hannibal von Dohna .

From 1600, Nikolaus von Troilo studied canonical and civil law as an alumne of the Germanicum at the Collegio Romano in Rome, where Popes Clement VIII , Leo XI. and Paul V was given the title of Pontifical House Prelate . After he also received Roman citizenship , he was allowed to call himself "Civis et Patritius Romanus". Before he even reached the triennium , the Pope appointed him Dean of the Wroclaw Cathedral Chapter. Presumably for this reason the cathedral chapter did not approve the appointment until October 20, 1606.

As cathedral dean, Troilo held the second office in the cathedral chapter after the - often absent - cathedral provost. Bishop Karl of Austria, who had been in office since 1608, entrusted him several times with outstanding tasks, especially since he was also elected Bishop of Brixen in 1613 . During his absences in Breslau, he used Troilo several times as diocese administrator .

After the relief granted to the Silesian Protestants in the letter of majesty 1609, the confessional conflict intensified. After the class uprising in Bohemia in 1618, Bishop Karl was not ready to give in to the demands of the evangelical classes. Therefore, he left Silesia in September 1619. One of the administrators appointed by him was the Dean Troilo at the head. Finally, on October 22nd, 1619, he swore the oath of the Bohemian Confederation for the cathedral chapter in the Wroclaw City Hall . The consequence of this was that the cathedral chapter had to pay homage to the new Bohemian King Friedrich , who visited Wroclaw in 1620, on February 28th . The cathedral chapter had appointed its dean Troilo to take the oath. He fell out of favor with his superior Bishop Karl. Only after his return in December 1621 was there a reconciliation. However, the bishop no longer gave him any representative duties.

Even after the death of Bishop Karl in 1624, Troilo, under his successor Karl Ferdinand Wasa, advocated subordinating the Catholic Church to the Silesian and not the imperial reasons of state . Nevertheless, on June 7, 1628, Emperor Ferdinand II granted him the office and dignity of Court Palatinate Count . Among the associated privileges belonged among other things the right to notaries and judges to appoint, out of wedlock to give infants the rights of illegitimate births, Vormünde and registrars to use, people from the bondage to dismiss offenders to provide impunity and rehabilitate socially, low academic degrees to give as well as in spiritual and temporal matters right to speak .

In 1629 Ferdinand II placed him in charge of a commission that was supposed to investigate and resolve the complaints of the Wroclaw Dominican monastery. In the same year he was entrusted with the reorganization of the Catholic school system. In 1632, during the Thirty Years' War, he had the archives of the cathedral chapter moved from the cathedral island to the city and he himself moved into his house on the Neumarkt in Breslau . A short time later, the cathedral island was devastated by the Swedes and the looted valuables were kidnapped. Troilo was only able to return to his dean's house in 1637. A year later he earned services to the Jesuits who were able to return to Wroclaw at that time. He was also a scholastic at the Breslauer Kreuzstift and at the Glogauer Domstift and archdeacon of Liegnitz .

As one of the first non-Protestant Silesians, Troilo was accepted into the Fruitful Society in December 1627 . His company name there was "the reluctant".

Nikolaus von Troilo is said to have commissioned the painting “The Feast of Herod and the Beheading of John the Baptist”, which was created by the Wroclaw painter Bartholomäus Strobel in 1640–1642 . He fled to Poland for political reasons in 1634, where he worked successfully in Danzig , Thorn and Elbing under the protection of Count Gerhard Dönhoff and his second wife, Sibylle Margarethe Duchess of Brieg . Today the painting is in the Museo del Prado in Madrid .

Nikolaus von Troilo died on December 3, 1640. His body was buried in the high choir of Breslau Cathedral. The canon Friedrich Berg, who had been friends with him since his student days, donated an epitaph on the east wall of the choir , on which all the titles and services of the deceased were recorded.

Publications

  • Ara manalis illustri ... viro Dn. Johanni Matthaeo Wackero a Wackenfels ... , Olsnae 1630
  • Preces in celebratione quadraginta horarum recitandae . Imprimebat Nissae, Iohannes Schubart, iussu et impensis Nicolai Troili, decani Wratislaviensis, 1631
  • Farrago precum sacrarum in useum Catholicorum ... , collection of supplications , which Troilo dedicated on September 6, 1635 to the Breslau bishop Karl Ferdinand Wasa ( printed 1636 by Georg Baumann, Vratislaviae ).

literature

  • Norbert Conrads : The Rise of the Troilo Family. On the cultural profile of the Catholic nobility in Silesia between late humanism and counter-reformation . In: Jörg Deventer, Susanne Rau , Anne Conrad (eds.): Turning of times - rule, self-assertion and integration between Reformation and liberalism , Festgabe for Arno Herzig , Lit-Verlag, Münster, Hamburg, Berlin, Vienna, London, Zurich, 2006, ISBN 3-8258-6140-6 , pp. 279-310: ( online ) at books.google.de

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Winfried Eberhard: Historical introduction to: Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard , Miloslav Polívka (ed.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. LXXXV.
  2. ↑ Bernhard W. Scholz: The spiritual principality of Neisse . 2011 Böhlau Verlag Cologne Weimar Vienna, ISBN 978-3-412-20628-4 , p. 267
  3. ↑ Transcript of the appointment in: Rainer Bendel, Josef Nolte (Ed.): Liberated Memory , Volume 26 of the Articles on Theology, Church and Society in the 20th Century , Appendix pages 65-69, LIT Verlag, Münster 2017, SN 9783643131263
  4. ↑ Member of the Fruitful Society
personal data
SURNAME Troilo, Nicholas of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Troylo, Nicolaus von; Troilus, Nicolaus (Latin); Reluctant Who (Society Name in Fruitful Society)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German clergyman, Canon in Breslau, member of the Fruit-Bringing Society
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1582
PLACE OF BIRTH Breslau , Principality of Breslau
DATE OF DEATH December 3, 1640
Place of death Wroclaw