Northallerton
| Northallerton | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Coordinates | 54 ° 20 ′ N , 1 ° 26 ′ W | ||
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| Residents | 16,832 (as of 2011) | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | NORTHALLERTON | ||
| ZIP code section | DL6, DL7 | ||
| prefix | 01609 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | Yorkshire and the Humber | ||
| Shire county | North Yorkshire | ||
| District | Hambleton | ||
| British Parliament | Richmond | ||
| Website: http://www.northallertontowncouncil.org/ | |||
Northallerton is a small town in the Vale of Mowbray , capital of the English county of North Yorkshire and administrative center of the District Hambleton . According to the 2011 census, Northallerton had a total of 16,832 residents.
history
Early history
There is evidence that a Roman post existed on the western edge of today's Northallerton on Castle Hills . At that time it was on a Roman road that led from Eboracum (today's York) to Hadrian's Wall .
A first church was built in the 7th century by the Christian missionary Paulinus von York on the site of today's parish church. Today nothing is left of the wooden building. In 855 the Saxons built a second stone church on the same site.
It is believed that a town called Alvertune subsequently developed. In records of Alfred the Great by the English historian Piers Langtoft it is mentioned that the area was the scene of numerous disputes between Alfred and his brother Elfrid as well as five Danish kings and numerous earls from 865 onwards. In the 10th century, Danish insurgents settled in the Northallerton area. A Hogback from this period can be viewed in the parish church in the neighboring town of Brompton .
The origin of the city name is uncertain, but it is believed to be a modification of the term Aelfere , which means something like a farm belonging to Aelfere or even a farm belonging to Alfred the Great . Alternatively, the name could come from a nearby alder population. The prefix North was added in the 12th century to differentiate the place from the village of Allerton Maulever 40 km further south .
Its location on a major transit route brought death and destruction to the village for various reasons. When King Wilhelm I undertook in 1069 to break the resistance of the people of Northern England to Norman rule, large parts of the country between the Ouse and the Tyne were heavily devastated. Northallerton was almost completely destroyed and depopulated, as recorded in the Domesday Book .
Standard battle
On August 22, 1138, the English troops fended off an attack by the Scots about three kilometers north at Brompton. This was the first major skirmish between the English and Scots since the Norman conquest of England and one of two major disputes between the king's daughter Matilda and her cousin Stephan , the Duke of Boulogne. The English were led by Thurstan , Archbishop of York. He had gathered a mixed army, including soldiers from Yorkshire, the North Midlands, some local barons, and the vigilantes from York, Beverley, Ripon, and Durham. They gathered around chariots which carried the consecrated flags of St. Peter of York, St. John of Beverley , St. Wilfrid of Ripon, and St. Cuthbert of Durham. It was these standards that gave the battle its name. The Scots were of David I mentioned. The English decided on a surprise action and met the Scots at 6 a.m. on August 22nd after a night march.
David I fought on the side of Matilda, since he saw her as the rightful heir to the English royal throne. When Stephan in southern England was initially busy fighting a noble revolt, David used this to take Cumberland , Northumberland , the city of Carlisle and the fortress of Bamburgh . According to information in medieval sources, which, however, are regarded as unrealistic by serious historical research, around 16,000 Scots are said to have fought against 10,000 Englishmen, and around 12,000 Scots are said to have fallen. The battle ended when the remnants of the Scottish army turned to flee. The English made up their minds not to chase after the Scottish survivors, and although the Scots suffered great losses, they succeeded in sieging and taking Wark Castle in Northumberland.
The victorious battle enabled the English to secure and consolidate their power over northern England.
Religious focus
Shortly after William II ascended the throne in 1087, the latter handed over the town and its lands to the Bishop of Durham . Under the protectorate of the Diocese of Durham, the city developed and became an episcopal residence. In 1130 a castle was built on a hill on the western edge of the city and expanded in 1142 after the diocese was enlarged in 1141. In 1173 the castle was further expanded by the bishop Hugh Pudsey and a short time later it was occupied by soldiers from Flanders , which induced Henry II to drag it down in 1177. A much larger palace, surrounded by a moat, was built in 1199. The episcopal lands of Yorkshire were ruled from here and were used as a residence by the bishops and their staff. The castle was on the main York to Durham road and was a major resting place for royalty and other dignitaries. The building has remained unused since 1658 and has been falling into disrepair ever since. Northallerton Cemetery is now on the property of the building.
A Carmelite priory was founded in 1354, but fell victim to the dissolution of the English monasteries in 1538 .
Development of transport and trade
Northallerton became an important trading center for the surrounding area with its four annual markets. Cattle, sheep and horses from Northumbria and Scotland were mainly offered for sale. The tradition of the sheep trade lasted into the 20th century.
In the golden age of the stagecoach, Northallerton had four post offices on the south-north transit route. Northallerton railway station opened in 1841, and from 1871 (as it is today) there was a continuous line from Edinburgh and Newcastle via Northallerton and York to London. Due to the existence of the railway, the stagecoaches experienced a steady decline in use.
With the introduction of the Poor Law, a workhouse was built in the city for the three local parishes. It is now part of the city hospital. In 1856 a first police station was established, which was then responsible for the entire North Riding.
Northallerton College was first mentioned in 1323. Parts of the old school building can be viewed next to All Saints' Church . The famous physicist John Radcliffe (1652–1714) of Wilhelm III went to school.
politics
history
In 1888 northern Yorkshire was replaced by the administrative county of North Riding of Yorkshire . In 1894 it was divided into several boroughs and districts . In 1974 the North Riding was dissolved and replaced by the newly established county of North Yorkshire . The newly introduced District Hambleton was created through the merger of the Urban District Northallerton, the Rural District Bedale , the Rural District Easingwold , the Rural District Northallerton, the Rural District Thirsk and the Rural District Croft.
The police security in the city is from the North Yorkshire Police ensured. The North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service is responsible for fire and rescue services. The Northallerton Fire Station is manned from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. during the day.
houses of Parliament
The city's first two representatives were John le Clerk and Stephen Maunsell.
Town twinning
The city has a twinning with Ormesson-sur-Marne in France
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Northallerton is on the A684 ( Ellerbeck - Kendal ) and the A167 ( Topcliffe - Newcastle ). The A168 leads from here to Wetherby near Leeds. 8 km east of Ellerbeck there is a connection to the A19 to Teesside , where Durham Tees Valley Airport is 25 km from Northallerton . 10 km west of Bedale there is a connection to the great British trunk road A1 (London – Edinburgh).
Northallerton Station, operated by First TransPennine Express , is on the East Coast Main Line from London ( King's Cross ) to Edinburgh ( Waverley ). There are also rail connections to Middlesbrough and Sunderland . Leeming Bar is reached by bus , from where there is a connection to Redmire via the Wensleydale Railway . There are plans to expand the railway line from Northallerton to South Lakeland , which would then connect to the Settle – Carlisle railway line . The section from Northallerton to Leeming Bar is currently used by museum railways.
media
13 km east of the city there is a transmission mast for the national BBC radio programs as well as for the regional broadcaster BBC Tees and private broadcasters such as Classic FM , Real Radio , TFM Radio and Galaxy North East . The mast also transmits the country's five analogue TV channels as well as several digital TV channels.
On June 11, 2007, Northallerton finally got its own broadcaster called Minster Northallerton . It is broadcast on the frequencies 102.3 and 103.5 MHz .
The city has three different regional newspapers: North Yorkshire editions of the daily Daily Echo and the weekly Darlington & Stockton Times. Both are published by Newsquest. The third newspaper is the Northallerton, Thirsk & Bedale Times , published by Johnston Press. Both publishers have offices in the city.
education
Northallerton has six elementary schools, one secondary school and one technology college. After completing their basic education, students move to Allertonshire School for three years (ages 11-14; grades 7, 8, 9). This college also specializes in applied learning. The young people then switch to Northallerton College (ages 14-18; grades 10, 11, 12, 13). There are also learning courses for adults.
Personalities
- Ullin Place (1924-2000), philosopher
- Dorothy Smith (* 1926), sociologist and feminist
- Tim Knight (* 1959), composer, choir director and music teacher
- Andy Dawson (* 1978), footballer
- Michael Dawson (born 1983), footballer
- Jessica Barden (born 1992), actress
Web links
- The City website (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Summed up from the population figures of the four administrative areas Broomfield , North , West and Romanby , taken from the website [1]
- ↑ a b c d Northallerton . Herriotcountry.com. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ↑ a b T Whellan & Co: History of Northallerton, Thirsk, Stokesley, Malton, Helmsley . GH Smith & Son, (Retrieved April 15, 2008).
- ↑ a b c Northallerton, a personal past or do its roots lie in the trees . Darlington & Stockton Times. Accessed on April 16, 2008. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Christopher James Davidson Ingledew: History and Antiquities of Northallerton, in the County of York (Accessed April 15, 2008).
- ↑ a b c Battle of Northallerton . The Battlefield Trust. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- ^ A b Thurstan, archbishop of York . The Cistercians in Yorkshire. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- ^ Northallerton and Osmotherley History . The Yorkshire History Pages. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- ↑ Northallerton (All Saints) . British History Online. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
- ↑ a b c Bishop Rufus Palace . English Heritage. Accessed on April 16, 2008. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Northallerton: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1890 . Genuki.org. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
- ^ British Province of Carmelites - Chronology of Northallerton . Carmelites.org.uk. Retrieved May 9, 2008.
- ↑ According to the Local Government Act 1972
- ^ Map of Area . North Yorks Fire Service. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
- ↑ Town Twinning . Northallerton Town Council. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ Station Facilities Northallerton . National Rail. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ a b East Coast Main Line (PDF; 5.2 MB) Network Rail. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ The Route . Wensleydale Railway Association. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ a b Northallerton . Wensleydale Railway Association. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ Aircheck UK - Yorkshire . Aircheck UK. Archived from the original on May 12, 2004. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ a b The Transmission Gallery . mb21.co.uk. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ Minster Northallerton, Bedale, Thirsk and Northallerton - Media UK . mediauk.com. Retrieved April 21, 2008.
- ↑ Northern Echo is top daily at Newsquest . Pressgazette.co.uk. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ media titles owned by Johnston Press . mediauk.com. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ 3 result (s) for Newspaper & Magazine Publishers in Northallerton (Yorkshire & The Humber) . UK-Local-search.co.uk. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ Prospectus . Mill Hill Primary School. Archived from the original on September 8, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ All Schools with HPSS indicator . DfES.gov.uk. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ College History . Northallerton College. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ↑ Adult Learners . Northallerton College. Archived from the original on October 23, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
