Oberamt Meisenheim
The Oberamt Meisenheim , also Herrschaft Meisenheim , was between 1816 and 1866 an administrative area of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Homburg with its seat in Meisenheim . The territory now belongs to Rhineland-Palatinate .
history
Until the end of the 18th century, the area of the later Upper Office Meisenheim was under various sovereigns . The Oberamt Meisenheim in the Principality of Pfalz-Zweibrücken , which existed until 1798, was designed differently than the Oberamt Meisenheim dealt with in this article.
In 1794 the Left Bank of the Rhine was occupied by the French as a result of the First Coalition War and in 1798 it became part of the French Republic . The region around Meisenheim belonged to the Birkenfeld arrondissement in the Saar department until 1815 . According to Art. 49 of the final act of the Vienna Congress (Vienna Congress Act) of June 9, 1815, a district with a population of 69,000 in the former Saardepartement was reserved for several sovereigns; 10,000 souls were intended for the Landgrave of Hessen-Homburg. The area was provisionally transferred to the King of Prussia and was handed over to Landgrave Friedrich V of Hesse-Homburg with an assignment patent dated September 9, 1816 . It included the entire canton of Meisenheim and four communities from the canton of Grumbach .
It was a curiosity. The Landgraviate consisted only of the homeland of Hesse-Homburg in the Homburg area, known as Homburg or Herrschaft Homburg , and the geographically separate and distant Oberamt Meisenheim. Originally, Homburg had hoped for growth from the neighboring states (such as Oberursel and Rosbach ), and Friedrich V is said to have said: “What should I do with this district in China?” The Oberamt Meisenheim was 176 square kilometers larger than the Amt Homburg itself. In addition, different laws applied. While French law continued to apply in Meisenheim, the previous law of the Landgraviate applied in the Homburg district. There were no cultural, economic or historical ties between the two parts of the country.
The customs borders represented a particular problem in Meisenheim . Due to the small size of the Oberamt, even trade with neighboring towns was mostly cross-border. The tariff on salt that was obtained from nearby Bad Munster was felt to be particularly oppressive .
The French July Revolution of 1830 triggered uprisings in the Oberamt Meisenheim. The demonstrators called for the customs barriers to be waived. The city council under the city high school title Bonnet restored calm; on April 29, 1832, however, unrest broke out again. The customs barriers and the low quality of the salt led to a real uprising, led by the brush maker Carl Kloninger. On May 20, the unrest continued and the town's high school authority Bonnet had a civil guard formed.
In Homburg the measures were considered insufficient and Johann Georg Martin Reinhardt was sent to the Oberamt as head of administration. This established the order with a hard hand and on October 27, 1832 banned the press association .
In 1834 Homburg was assigned to the customs area of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Oberamt Meisenheim to the customs area of Prussia in the German Customs Union . On March 24, 1866, the Landgraviate fell briefly to the Grand Duchy of Hesse (after the death of the last Landgrave), then to Prussia (due to its defeat in the Austro-Prussian War ) . With the Prussian law of December 24, 1866 and the occupation patent of January 12, 1867, the taking of possession was formally implemented.
politics
Even if the separation of administration and jurisdiction was not implemented in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Homburg , there was still a division of labor within the head of the office. At the head of the Oberamt was an administrative officer, the first civil servant or also known as a senior officer. There was also a judicial officer or 2nd official. It was customary for this second officer to move up to the first when the position became vacant.
Administrative officer / 1. official
- 1817–1826: Friedrich Wilhelm Cramer
- 1826–1830: Franz Carl
- 1830–1832: Friedrich Wernigk
- 1832–1848 and 1849–1866: Johann Georg Martin Reinhardt
Judicial officer / 2. official
- 1818–1826: Franz Carl
- 1826–1830: Friedrich Wernigk
- 1830–1832: Johann Georg Martin Reinhardt
- (1832) 1834–1846: Heinrich Sundheimer
- 1846–1858: Karl Anthes
- 1858–1855: Friedrich Linn
From 1832 to 1872, Johann Georg Martin Reinhardt was senior administrator or district administrator. Only from April 6, 1848 to 1849, he was on leave for one year as a result of the March Revolution . Government councilor Christian Bansa was head of administration during this time.
The judicial office was the successor to the Meisenheim Peace Court , which was the court of first instance in the court organization of the Left Bank of the Rhine during the French era . An appeal to the first deputation of the government of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg was possible against the decisions of the judicial officer . The last instance was the Darmstadt Higher Appeal Court .
After the state parliament of Hessen-Homburg was finally dissolved in 1852, district councils were formed at the level of the upper office from 1853 . The members were partly elected and partly appointed by landgraves. Four representatives from the Meisenheim Office (together with four representatives from the Homburg Office) formed the Landgraviate's regional committee.
With a decree of February 2, 1867, the Meisenheim Oberamt was incorporated into the Koblenz administrative district and later converted into the Meisenheim district .
The Meisenheim Superior Justice Office was abolished in 1867 and, analogous to the other courts in the Rhine Province, a Meisenheim Peace Court was formed as the entrance court, which was converted into the Meisenheim District Court in 1878 .
area
The Oberamt Meisenheim comprised 25 communities, which were divided into four "Oberschultheißereien":
literature
- Johann Georg Martin Reinhardt ; Otto Beck: Description of the Oberamt Meisenheim. Meisenheim 1868. Online
- Karl Baumgart: The Oberamt Meisenheim in Vormärz. Meisenheimer Hefte No. 40, 2000
- Thomas Klein: Volume 11: Hessen-Nassau, the series: Walther Hubatsch: Outline of German Administrative History 1815-1945, 1979, ISBN 3-87969-126-6 , pp 232-234
- Max Bär: The Authorities Constitution of the Rhine Province, 1919, reprint 1965, pp. 107–111
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional conditions of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, p. 232, 445, 829 ff ( online at Google Books ).
- ↑ Christian Daniel Voß: Die Zeiten: or archive for the latest state history and politics , Volume 64, Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, 1820, p. 14 ( online edition Google Books )
- ^ Günther F. Anthes, Hessen-Homburg and Meisenheim. In: Communications of the Association for History and Regional Studies in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Volume 35 (1982). Published on behalf of the city of Bad Homburg for the 1200th anniversary
- ↑ Ges.SS 137