Organ glossary

The following is a list of terms related to the organ , organ building and organ music . Register names and general acoustics terms cannot be found here. For this see list of organ registers . Foreign-language terms, which can often be found in organ literature, are marked in italics.

A.

discharged pipes: these are not located directly on the wind chest , but for example in the prospectus or on the side (for reasons of space) and are supplied with wind via so-called conductors from the wind chest.
matched bell: the length of the bell of a reed register is (as in the case of labial pipes ) in a fixed ratio to the pitch of the respective reed pipe; see. in contrast, tongues with short cups
Consultation: Decay process of an organ pipe ; see. speech
Storage: Device for switching off an organ register or a group of registers, see register (organ)
repel: turn off a register ; vlg. pull
Abstract: narrow wooden bar or metal rod (rarely: wire rope), which is used in a mechanical action mechanism to transfer the movement between the key and valve
Drain pneumatics: In contrast to the supply pneumatics, there is always a working pressure in the conductors that only collapses when the button is pressed, whereby the sound valve opens.
Accouplement: (French for "manual coupling")
Aeolus: free software to simulate a pipe organ . It doesn't use samples , it creates the sound synthetically; see. Hauptwerk (software) or GrandOrgue (software)
AGO: Acronym for American Guild of Organists
ajouter (mettre): (French "pull", "add")
acoustic bass: An image formed by combining a Oktavreihe and an overlying bottom row register which sounds an octave lower than the Oktavreihe (z. B. octave 16 '+ fifth 10 ² / ₃ ' = acoustic 32 '), see Missing fundamental
Aliquots: see aliquot register
Aliquot register: Independent register that is not in an octave relation to the root note (e.g. fifth, third, seventh)
Anches: (French "tongue register")
Anches prepared: (French: "Prepared tongue register"): The tongue register and mixtures have already been pulled, but are still blocked by a shut-off valve.
Old paddock: Rare special form of the belt; see. Melody coupling
Altar organ: Organ that is in close proximity to the altar (often in the middle behind or above the altar), e.g. B. in the Dresden Frauenkirche
American Guild of Organists: American professional association of church and concert organists
attached pedal: Pedal keyboard without its own register, which is permanently linked to a manual (mostly: Hauptwerk)
speech: Transient process of an organ pipe ; see. Consultation
Appel: (French for "shut-off valve")
Working wind: Organ wind, which is responsible for the valve control in the pneumatic action ; see. Play wind
Ars Organi: A German-language specialist journal, the organ of the Society of Organ Friends
to sit up: Do not build a register directly on the drawer, but attach it elevated with conductors .
attached labium: This is soldered into the body of the pipe, which is the rule with medium-sized and large metal pipes; see. indented labium
rub: see rub out
Essay: see bell
opening tongue: Design for lingual pipes, the tongue hits the throat , the opposite of a resounding tongue
cold cuts: Opening between the upper and lower labium
Slicing width: also labium width
Slicing height: The distance between the upper and lower labia, primarily determines the sharpness of the sound
Cold cuts: Ratio of the height of the cut to the width of the cut of a pipe
Lineup: Arrangement of the pipes on the wind chest; see. Chromatic, diatonic and third octave notation
Pose: Degree of curvature of the reed in lingual pipes
thin out: The wall thickness of the metal pipes becomes thinner towards the top in order to save material
Balancing bellows: small bellows , usually in the form of a float bellows
outlet valve: Prevents bellows from bursting. It opens by itself when it has reached its maximum extent.
rub out: the metal edge of a labial pipe is bent outwards with the tuning horn , the tone becomes higher; see. rub in
externally labeled: Usual design of a wooden labial pipe , in which the flattening of the upper labial is attached to the outside of the pipe body; see. internally qualified
automatic piano pedal: adjusts the volume (registration) of the pedal to that of the manual that is currently being played. For this purpose, a pedal combination is switched on as soon as a key of the corresponding manual is pressed, which then remains active until the key of another manual is pressed.
abstract: Procedure to create several registers in multiplex organs from a row of pipes .

B.

beard: Intonation aid attached next to the pipe labia
Balancer: Device in the valve box that reduces the pressure point, but a direct connection between button and valve is retained.
Balance step: Kick to open and close a blind sill
bellows: see bellows
Barker lever: Pneumatic relay device, whereby the playing weight is minimized, but the contact to the sound valve is completely separated.
Basse de ...: (French): Playing instructions solo in the bass part (left hand) see: Dessous de ...
Bass coupler: Special form of coupling in which only the lowest key played is amplified. Often used as an aid to playing electronic organs for people who have not (yet) mastered pedal play; vlg. also melody coupler
BDO: Acronym for Bund Deutscher Orgelbaumeister
BDO standard: see VOD / BDO standard 2000 . A standardization of gaming tables by the Association of Organ Experts in Germany (VOD) and the Association of German Organ Builders (BDO).
cups: Upper part of a lingual pipe, which largely determines its timbre
Flexed: Part of the length of the scale that can be changed over a row of pipes
bellows: a device for generating a puff or stream of air
lead

Part of the organ metal for the construction of organ pipes.
Name for organ metal with 25% tin and 75% lead (4 solder), pure lead pipes are very rare.

Blind abstracts: very stable, immobile abstract that runs parallel to the movable abstract and holds angular bars to compensate for changes in length.
blind whistle: Whistle that doesn't sound, but only appears in the brochure for visual reasons
blind stops: (also called Ductus inutilis , Schweiger , Schwyger , Predigtabsteller , Vox ineffabilis , Vacat , Vacant , Vakant , Pro forma , Manum de tabula , Nihil , noli me tangere etc.) no sound, no effect and (in contrast to the non-acoustic stops ) also no action causing stop pulls, mostly only attached for reasons of symmetry, or (with newer organs) for later planned extensions. These are sometimes with funny labels such as “Preacher”, “nihil sine me” (“nothing without me”), “ Noli me tangere ” (“don't touch me”) or “Schwyger 32 ′” (Schwyger = silent, silent ) Mistake. Often, however, these trains are simply labeled with “Vacat” or “Vacant” (from Latin vacare , “missing” ) or not at all.
Blockwork: historical form of the wind chest; it is not possible to switch individual rows of pipes on or off here
Flowers

C.

Calcant: see Kalkant .
cent: the hundredth part of an equal semitone step, a unit of measure for pitch intervals
Chamade: see horizontal trumpet
Choir organ: Independent organ or part of an organ that is installed in the choir room of a church. It is primarily used to accompany the liturgy of worship .
Chromatic lineup: Arrangement of the whistles on the wind chest in a block so that whistles stand next to each other with an interval of a small second (music) ; see. also diatonic and thirds .
Claviers accouplés / séparés: (French "manuals coupled / uncoupled")
Controller: A wind indicator in the form of a register (on the Friedrich Friese III organ of the Ludwigslust town church )
Crescendo roller: see sill

D.

Dams: Lateral limitation of the loops of a slider drawer .
Steam organ: Organ that is operated not with air but with steam.
cover: is the name of the closure at the upper end of a closed metal labial pipe ; see. bung
Dessus de ...: (French): Playing instructions solo in the upper part (right hand) see: Basse de ...
Monument organ: Historical organ of importance
Diatonic constellation: Arrangement of the whistles on the wind chest in two blocks (C and C sharp sides), so that whistles stand next to each other at a distance of one major second; see. also chromatic and thirds .
Digital organ: an electronic organ with digital sampling technology
diapason: [ˌDaɪəˈpeɪsən] ("principal")
Disposition: the entire layout of an organ, including the layout of its registers;
thunder: An effect register that produces a sound similar to the rumble of thunder
Double choir: double rows of pipes in a mixed voice , e.g. B. 2 '+ 2' + 1 ¹ / ₃ '+ ...
Double drawer: a wind chest with two valves per tone, so that the registers can be played from two manuals
Double pedal

in organ music the term for two-part passages in the pedal
in organ building a construction with two pedal keyboards

Double registration: mechanical key action , which has electrical controls and so with an electronic translator may be provided
double curved pedal: special design of the pedal
Double-tone whistle: Rare design of an organ pipe that uses valves to generate several tones per pipe
Rotary cone coverage: rotatable attachment of a lingual pipe , with the help of which the size of the air outlet holes can be adjusted
Barrel organ: also organ grinder, is a mechanical musical instrument operated with a hand crank
triple curly pedal: see radial pedal
Pressure point: In the case of a mechanical action, the moment the valve opens, which is noticeable as a slight resistance when a key is pressed
couple through: a special property, especially mechanical coupling . For example, if coupling II-I and III-II are pulled (III-I but not), III-I will still be "coupled through"
resounding tongue voice: Design for lingual pipes, the tongue swings freely in the throat; see. opening tongue
pushed through drawer: see twin drawer
Piercer: the unintentional ringing of neighboring whistles through leaks in the wind chest

E.

Echo register: Quieter registers of a subsidiary work
Echowerk: Part of an organ; mostly the quietest manual or the furthest away
one-armed button: In contrast to the two-armed key , this is at the end and not in the middle and therefore has no key tail
indented labium: This is pressed into the body of the pipe, which is the rule with small metal pipes; see. attached labium
inserted labium: see attached labium ; see. indented labium
Inlet valve: Relatively large valve, e.g. for switching on a register in the cone door
rub in: the metal rim of a labial pipe is bent inwards with the tuning horn , the tone becomes deeper; see. rub on / out
Individual storage: With it, a single register can be switched off so that it no longer sounds even in fixed combinations
electronic organ: A keyboard instrument with electronic tone generation is generally referred to as an electronic organ
Close choir: Term for the entirety of all closely mensored stops ("strings") in an organ
... in the waist: (French): playing instructions solo in tenor (left hand or pedal)
European Organ Society
Evacuant: A valve for emptying the bellows at the end of the game
Expression: Special form of the tuning device for open pipes
Eccentric contact system: serves as a rubbing and thus self-cleaning contact point for electrical actions

F.

Factory organ: Negative designation of the followers of the organ movement for the late romantic organs.
Catch valve: First valve in the winch, it closes when the scoop bellows compresses its air through the non- return valve into the magazine bellows .
Color register: another name for aliquot register
decreasing scale length: In proportion, the pipes of a register become narrower and narrower in height; see. increasing scaling
Bellows: Bellows , mostly made of thin wooden panels and skived leather strips
Window organ: The organ's prospect visually surrounds a window
Fernwerk: Part of an organ that is not directly related to the other works, but z. B. in the roof area of a church;
fixed variable length
Fixed value (also addition constant )

Blowing device on wooden labial pipes
Air release valve that allows creeping wind to escape, but blocks play wind

Fundamental board: The central element of a wind chest is located above the clay chambers and under the loops
foot: Unit of measurement in which the length of the lowest pipe of a register is given, see footnote number
Foothole: Hole in the base of the pipe, through which the wind is also guided
Foot set: Sign for performing pedal play. A distinction is made here between left and right foot as well as between point and heel.
Footnote number: the indication of the pitch of a register, where 8 ′ denotes the normal position (e.g. as on a piano);
Kick: Foot switches for game aids; also Piston (organ)

G

G: see Grand Orgue
Fork coupling: Design of the mechanical coupling
fan: Organ motor or fan system; see winch
broken scale
broken octave: Keyboard with structurally shortened bass octave
Dacked, daked: Organ pipes that are closed at one end, they are only half as long as an open pipe with the same pitch; see. overblowing whistle
pressed labium: see indented labium ; see. attached labium
Back bevel: Chamfer on the lower labium, opposite the core bevel
mixed voice: a series of pipes of the same timbre, usually extending over the entire range, which can be switched on or off as a unit
General contractor: Repels all registers. (turns them off)
curly pedal: Pedal keyboard whose keys are not the same length and height
Society of Organ Friends: short GDO designated
split loop: The loop of a register is divided into two halves so that bass and treble can be registered differently.
Pouring bench: long, flat workbench covered with linen for casting organ metal plates .
Casting slide: Device which, filled with liquid organ metal, is moved from the beginning of the pouring bench to its end.
pounded wind chest: Chests are closed with glued pieces of wood on the underside
pried wind chest: Chests are pried out or milled
turned punch tongue: also Zacharias tongue whistle , a hybrid of labial and lingual whistle that does not get out of tune with the labial whistle and whose volume can be swelled up and down over an extremely large dynamic range through changes in wind pressure.
domed cold cuts: the upper edge of the labium is cut in an arc shape
floating on the same level: Tuning system in which all semitones are exactly the same size and therefore all intervals are slightly out of tune; see. Hovering voices
GO: or : GO : see Grand-Orgue
grand jeu: (French) Lingual plenum with 8 ′ and 4 ′ reed parts and Cornet, in the main work Trompette 8 ′ + Clairon 4 ′ + Cornet 8 ′ 5f. + Bourdon 8 ′ + Prestant 4 ′, in the positive also with Cromorne 8 ′ + (Bourdon 8 ′ +) Prestant 4 ′, there also referred to as petit jeu ; see. plein jeu
Grand Orgue

(also GO , GO , G ) (French "main work")
Software sampler for pipe organs, see GrandOrgue (software)

GP: (French): main work with coupled positive
GPR: (French): main work with coupled positive and swell

H

hanging action

the action including one-armed keys "hangs" on the tone valves and pulls them open, only possible with small organs
With this type of action, the angles under the wind chest are not fixed, but freely floating. One also speaks of a "self-regulating" action, see also action tensioner

hanging pipes: are attached with the pipe base upwards and are also supplied with wind from above
Hook coupling: Design of the sliding coupling ; The keys are mechanically coupled by means of hooks on the lower manual, which, after being moved, engage in the eyelets of the upper manual; see. Block coupling
Half-closed, half-closed: Whistles that are only partially closed at the top, e.g. B. Lochgedackte ; the reed flute is also one of the half-dumped.
Half register (half register): Register that is not available for the entire scope of the manual
Hamburger prospectus: A standardized arrangement of the organ parts in the baroque era
Hammond organ: an electromechanical organ named after its inventor Laurens Hammond
Hand registration: the main register circuit in contrast to the small switches of a free combination or to the register swell. With the "hand register for free combination" game aid, hand registration supplements the registration of the free combination instead of canceling it.
Main work

largest part of an organ
Software sampler for pipe organs, see Hauptwerk (software)

House organ: Small organ for installation in private rooms
Home organ: an electronic organ
Howler: Organ pipe that cannot be switched off completely due to an error (e.g. the playing or stop action); see. failure
High pressure register: Register that is operated with increased wind pressure
Horizontal trumpet: (Spanish trumpet) reed voice protruding horizontally into the room
Hornwerk: a mechanical organ instrument performed signal functions comparable to a siren
Hydraulis

I.

internally qualified: Rare design of a wooden labial pipe with the flattened upper labial on the inside of the pipe body; see. externally labeled
intonation: Sound design of the organ pipes in relation to each other and to the room
Voicing box: Rudimentary organ in an organ workshop, which is used for the pre-intonation of pipes
Voicing slot: Slot in the cup of a lingual pipe (similar to a tuning slot of a labial pipe but with a different function)

J

Fair organ: also called fair or carousel organ, belongs to the genus of mechanical musical instruments and is closely related to the barrel organ or the fixed orchestrion.
Louvre rocker: see swell box
jeux de combinaisons: (French) higher and mixed votes (above the jeux de fonds )
jeux de funds: (French) set of basic voices (up to about 4 ′, labial)

K

Cabinet organ: Organ positive , mostly with a neat character
Channel tremulant: Movable, springy wooden or leather flap built into the wind tunnel, which sets the play wind vibrating
Pulpit organ: Organ that is symmetrical to the pulpit on a church wall
Pulpit: a chamber in the wind chest , into which air is let in, depending on the design, by pressing a button (tone chamber) or by pulling a register (register chamber)
Calcareous: old name for a person who operates the bellows .
Carousel organ: see fair organ
Box beard: Beard on a labium in the form of a box
Box bellows: Bellows made of two nested boxes
Box drawer: Design of the wind chest in which all the pipes stand on a single cockpit and each individual pipe is controlled by an electric valve assigned to it.
Cone drawer: Design of the wind chest from approx. 1860
throat: Semicircular, inside hollow and half-open component of the reed or lingual pipe on which the reed sits
Wedge bellows: Bellows , made of thin wooden boards and skived leather strips with a wedge-shaped appearance
core: Separating sheet from the labial pipe to the foot
Core bevel: Bevel of the core towards the core gap
Core column: Narrow gap between the lower labium and the core through which the wind escapes and is blown against the upper labium.
Core stitches: Fine notches that are filed into the core to improve the response of the pipe.
Cinema organ: Organ in a cinema, very often provided with special sound effects to support the plot
Church organ: serves among other things liturgical purposes and the accompaniment of the congregation singing
Fair organ: see fair organ
keyboard: refers to a series of keys used on piano, organ, celesta, accordion, hurdy-gurdy, key fiddle, etc. v. a. a mechanism, action or electronics are activated for the purpose of sound generation or pitch control.
Small organ: Small organ or organ positive
Small pedal: Small footed voices of a pedal, mostly on their own drawer
Block coupling: Design of the sliding coupling ; The mechanical coupling to the keys of the other manual is made by means of wooden blocks standing on top of one another; see. Hook coupling
Block pedal: The pedals of an organ are not designed like normal keys, but protrude as "blocks" from the floor
Collective train: Registration device for simultaneous actuation of several registers
combination: a game aid to simplify the registration
combined action: The action mechanism is mechanical, but the stop action mechanism is built electrically.
Conducts: (from Latin conducere ' to merge, to connect' )

Pipes that supply wind to individual pipes. Is used, for example, for prospect whistles that are not directly on the wind chest
Tubes with a pneumatic action that guide the working wind from the keys to the valves (ø 5 to 9 mm)

constant scale length
Counter valve
Concert organ: representative organ, mostly used for concert purposes
Coupling beam: see rocker bar
Coupling manual: Manual without its own register, which is permanently linked to the other manuals. It is not necessary to pull a manual coupler and sound changes are easy to manage.
Paddock: Technical device to be able to play individual parts of the organ on a different manual or pedal or in a different position
Coupling loop
Coupling rocker: Component of the rocker coupling
head: static heart of the reed pipe, also called nut
Crank: Bending an organ pipe when the space does not allow it to stand upright
Crown positive: Part of an organ that is at the top of the case. Also called Kronwerk.
Goiter valve
Kühlklinger
Copper pipe: Copper pipe, is usually installed in the prospectus for optical reasons
Curve gauge
short-bellied tongue voice: Tongue voice in which the cup length does not correspond to the pitch, but is considerably shorter. They don't sound as full as z. B. a trumpet, but rather rough and rasping. Examples are the Vox Humana or the shelf .
short octave: In old organs (mostly only) affects the lowest octave, from today's perspective it starts on the E key, but on which the C sounds. This is followed by F, D, G, E, A, B and H. The other octaves are structured as usual today.

L.

flue

M.

Magazine bellows: Bellows between the blower (or scoop ) and wind chest , which ensures even wind pressure of the play wind
Magazine blower: Blower system with a magazine bellows that is fed by one or more scoops
Manuals: The keyboards (rows of keys) on the gaming table that are played with the hands; see. pedal
manualiter: Only playing on the manuals (without pedal)
Manubrium: (or Manubrie; Pl. Manubrien; lat = handle, handle, arm.) Register knob / handle a register train, especially during mechanical key action , usually lathed
Dimensional series
mechanical combination: Register pulls that can be "preprogrammed" by a mechanical device, so that they can then usually be called up with a mechanical kick
mechanical action: Action design in which the connections are made mechanically with abstracts
Melody coupling: a coupling that only couples the highest key played, the “melody”, in order to emphasize it. It is possible as a normal or super octave coupling and requires a pneumatic or electric action mechanism (is only very rarely built today).
Scale length: The ratio of the size values of the pipes in a register, in particular the diameter (with round metal pipes) or the sides of the rectangle (with rectangular wooden pipes) to the sounding length, depending on the pitch
Brass: Brass is a copper alloy with up to 40% zinc. Other metals can be added in smaller proportions.
mid-tone: Tuning system with pure thirds (frequency ratio 5: 4), often on old organs
mixture: (English / French Mixture, Italian Ripieno) Mixed voice that mostly only contains octave and fifth choirs with principal gauges
Mixer setter: freely adjustable series of overtones
mmWS: Abbreviation for " millimeter water column "; The usual measure of wind pressure in organ building
Muzzle correction: an open labial pipe must be built a little shorter than calculated, see organ pipe
Multiplex system: ( Latin multum 'much' , plexus 'braid' ) Register concept in which one row of pipes is used for several registers; mainly used in cinema and theater organs
Mouthpiece: the middle part of a lingual whistle (i.e. without a bell or boots) consisting of a (voice) crutch, nut, wedge, throat and tongue
MyOrgan: free software sampler for pipe organs; is currently no longer developed; see. GrandOrgue (software) , Hauptwerk (software)

N

Nasal formant: Accumulation of overtones in the range around 1500 Hz, which can have a negative effect on the sound
Natural cast: Name for organ metal with 50% tin and 50% lead (8 solder)
NM: see standard censorship
Normal coupling: All manual and pedal couplings that couple in the same position. Super / sub octave, bass or melody couplings are not included.
Normal gauge: see standard censorship
Standard censorship: standardized scale length in 19th century organ building
Standard principal: labial register that has the standard censorship .
nut: Core and static heart of the lingual pipe (reed pipe)

O

Upper labium: Upper part of the labium , above the cut
overtone

Name for an organ register
Designation for the components that sound along with the fundamental tone of almost every musical tone produced instrumentally or vowel.

Overtone structure: Sound spectrum of an organ or a single organ pipe
Overtone register: see aliquot register
Upper work: Part of an organ that is installed above the main work
open pipe: Design for labial pipes, cf. Dumped
Ears: Carvings attached to the left and right of a baroque organ that arose from the double doors
Octave repeater: Repetition of lower octaves in registers that are not fully expanded upwards or in mixtures ; see. Quart-fifth repeater
Octave transmission: Coupling of a single register to another work, offset by an octave up or down
Organ - journal for the organ: A German-language specialist magazine
Organum plenary: lat. "full work"; briefly "plenary"; wrongly “organo pleno” (meaningless ablative formation) instead of “in organo pleno” or “pro organo pleno” as a registration instruction in baroque sources (e.g. in J. S. Bach); Depending on the organ type and nationality, a registration with (all) principals and mixture (s) of a work, in manuals on a 16 'or 8' basis, in the pedal work on a 32 'or 16' basis. In the German Organum Plenum - especially in the pedal work and depending on the organ landscape - reeds can also play.
organist: A musician who plays the organ
organ: An aerophone, mostly played by means of keys, with pipes as sound generator
Organ bench: Seating for the organist while the organ is playing
Organ building: a craft, a science and certainly an art
Organ builder: deals with the design, construction, manufacture and sound design of organs. In addition, his task is to maintain, repair, renovate, restore and reconstruct existing organs.
Organ movement: Renewal movement of the 20th century, which reintroduced the sound ideals of the baroque organ.
Organ bracket: Colloquial term for an organ bench
Organ metal: Alloy from which the metal pipes are made
Organ pipe: Organ sound generator
Organ point: is the name in music for a long sustained note or a repeated note in a certain rhythm, to which other voices move freely in harmony.
Organ expert: is a person who deals with the organ as an expert and advises the appropriate bodies or organ owners.
Organ Wolf

P

P: (French "Positif" = positive, back positive)
Parallel pedal: Design of the pedal keyboard in which all keys are arranged in parallel; vlg. Radial pedal
Péd.: see Pédalier
pedal: a row of keys played with the feet
Pedalier: (French for "pedal")
Pedal combination: Combination that are only effective for the pedal
Pedal tower: Housing in which the pedals are housed. Either two pedal towers to the left and right of the main work or a single pedal tower are common
Pedal switching: see pedal combination ; for automatic pedal switching see automatic piano pedal
Pedal mechanism: all stops belonging to the pedal, with the exception of transmissions from other sub-works
Pendulum valve: small check valve
petit jeu: (French) see grand jeu
Whistle speech: see address
Pipe bank: usually denotes higher registers above the drawer (bench)
Pipe boards: Boards in which the metal pipes inside the organ are held. Also known as locking boards.
Pipe fields: Optical arrangement of prospectus pipes in the prospectus
Pipe shape: Dimensional design of pipes
Whistle foot: the lower part of a labial whistle which does not belong to the acoustically effective length and which stands on the wind chest
Pipe body: consists of the wall of the pipe
Pipe length: affects the pitch of the pipe; is measured from the core column
Whistle mouth: see cold cuts
Pipe mouth: see cold cuts
Pipe mouth: top of a pipe
Pipe cross-section: is determined by the scale length
Whistle fading
Pipe stick: Stable board with wind temptations on which the pipes stand
Pipe width: see pipe cross-section
Piston: (English "piston") see footstep
Plein Jeu: french Form of the “Organum Plenum”; in the Grand Orgue (main work) with (Montre 16 ′ +) (Bourdon 16 ′ +) Montre 8 ′ + Bourdon 8 ′ + Prestant 4 ′ + doublette 2 ′ + fittings + cymbals + Pos-GO, in the positive (back positive) with (Montre 8 ′ +) Bourdon 8 ′ + Prestant 4 ′ + Doublette 2 ′ + fittings + cymbals.
plenum: a term used in organ building for a full-sounding register combination.
pneumatic action: Action type that works with air pressure
Portative: portable small organ
Item: see positif
Positif: (French: "Positive, Rückpositiv")
positive

a small organ, see positive (musical instrument)
a partial work, to be played in multiple manual organs as a return positive mostly via the lowest manual, as an internal positive often via the second manual.

practical shortening: see muzzle correction
Principal: open labial pipe of medium length
Principal base: The lowest principal register of a sub-plant
Principal choir: The entirety of all medium-tight registers of an organ
Principal plenary: Registration with all principals and sound crowns of a partial work
Principal Deputy: Gedackt in a lower position, which is built in place of the lowest principal if there is a lack of space, a Gedackt 16 'is often used in place of a principal 16' in the main work
Test tin: Designation for organ metal with 75% tin and 25% lead (12 solder)
Prolongation: (French for "extension"): see key chain
Proportion scale
brochure: Visible face of the organ
Organ without prospectus: The organ is hidden behind a privacy screen (e.g. a grille).
Prospect whistle: Organ pipes visible in the prospectus of an organ are mostly principal pipes , see also prospectus
Pulpets: Small sack-like seals made of leather that prevent air from escaping when pull-off wires are passed through a hole.
pythagorean: Tuning system with perfect fifths (frequency ratio 3: 2)

Q

Cross-section measurement
Quart-fifth repeater: (also mild repetition ) Repetition of mixed voices with alternating fifth and octave choirs; see. Octave repeater

R.

R.: see Récit
rank (s): (English "pipe row (s)") is particularly important for American giant organs, since there the number of pipe rows does not match the number of registers, cf. Transmission .
Radial pedal: a rearward-tapering pedal (organ) , in which the keys are arranged in a radial pattern; see. Parallel pedal
Ravalement: On French organs up to the early romantic period, the pedal was often expanded to F ₁ or G ₁ . This extension is called ravalement . In musical instrument making, this term is also applied to harpsichords, the scope of which has been expanded in the bass and treble.
Reafferenz: Feedback mechanism in the nervous system , which is important when playing with a mechanical action .
Récit

Solo work on a French organ, often made of swell.
Solo position for the right hand.

reduction

S.

sample: digital recording of a single organ pipe
Whisper register: very quiet and tightly bored labial register
Bell: Sound bodies of reed pipes
Sliding coupling: historical type of paddock; the manual to be coupled is shifted, mostly in the direction of the player
Shuttle throat: Special optical design of a throat in reed pipes.
Veil board: architectural elements on the prospectus of an organ. They are used to decorate the organ and 'disguise' the empty spaces between the pipes and the case frame.
loop: Name-giving component of the slider drawer , a wooden bar with holes, below the pipes in the windchest, for register control
Slider drawer: most built form of the wind chest
Drag magnet: Magnet for operating register loops
Centrifugal fan: Design of an electric fan
Cutting tone: A precursor tone that arises when the cold cuts resonate
Scoop bellows

A registration that is not designed for mixing, e.g. B. 16 '+ 1'
Sound of an early baroque organ in which the distinction between the individual registers was more important than their inclusion in the overall sound

Split tone: weak sound that arises when the air passes through the core fissures
Span bellows: Bellows , the folds of which are precisely defined by means of thin boards (= chipboard) and glued leather strips
Spanish trumpet: see horizontal trumpet
Check valve: Valves to switch register groups or sub-units on and off
Game aid
Play closet: Organ console built into the case; often lockable
Gaming table: The playing system of an organ with all operating elements for the organist. In the narrower sense only the free-standing version, see play cabinet .
Game action: Connection between button and pipe valve
Play wind: Organ wind, which is intended for the sound production in the pipes; see. Working wind
top: Front part of the foot; see. paragraph
Spire: architectural element of an organ prospect. Several pipes are set up at an angle and together create the impression of a tower with an edge pointing forward; see. Round tower
Spring drawer: rare special form of a wind chest on old organs; see. Slider drawer
Jumping valves: small valves in the spring drawer , which sit directly under the pipes and are opened by the register bar.
spit: Noise when a pipe settles; especially pronounced among dumb people
bung: Closure of a closed wooden labial pipe, the pipe can be tuned by moving it; see. cover
Bar magnet: Electromagnet with a rod-shaped appearance
strong buck: a strong tremulant
stationary sound
Engraving mechanism: In small organs, the mechanical power transmission from the key to the valves often takes place via rod-shaped components, also known as engravers .
increasing scaling: In proportion, the pipes of a register get wider and higher; see. decreasing scale length
Boots: Whistle base of a lingual pipe (tongue pipe )
Voice iron: Utensil for tuning reed pipes; see. Voice horn
tuning fork: is a metal fork whose prongs produce a clear, overtone-poor tone when struck
Voice: Empty space in an organ case that serves as access to the pipe material
Voice horn: Tool for tuning metal pipes; see. Voice iron
Tuning crutch: Tuning device for lingual pipes
Reedplate: Tuning device for labial pipes made of wood in the form of a metal cover at the open end of the pipe
Tuning ring: Tuning device for open labial pipes made of metal; here a movable ring is moved as an attachment
Vocal role: Tuning device for open labial pipes made of metal; this will bend the rolled metal strip out of the tuning slot
Voting divorce: It is possible to switch individual rows of pipes on or off; Further development of the block plant
Tuning slide: Tuning device for open labial pipes made of wood; corresponds to the tuning role in corresponding metal pipes
Tuning slot: Recess at the upper end of a metal labial pipe. In him lies the vocal role
Pitch: Absolute pitch of the vocal tone (e.g. a = 465 Hz); see. temperature
Mood: Describes the pitch and tuning system
Mood system: is the way in which the exact frequency relationships of the playable tones are to one another in an instrument; see. temperature
stop: (engl.)

"Register" (Pl. Stops )
"Dumped"

Shock bellows: see balance bellows
Bumper bellows: see balance bellows
Stroking bellows
Strings: tightly bored organ stops (e.g. gamba)
Stub pedal: Pedal in the form of small stumps, often not in the usual range; see. Full pedal
subharmonic tone: the "harmonic undertones" of a "sound"
Sub-octave coupling: Coupling in which the coupled work sounds an octave lower
Super octave coupling: Coupling in which the coupled work sounds an octave higher.
Synthematophon: High pressure register with two labia on opposite sides, d. H. on the front and back of the pipe

T

Pocket drawer: Special form of a wind chest with pneumatic action
keyboard
Key chain: Device that holds all keys pressed until they are released
Key holder

in degrees Celsius, the specification of the pitch of an organ always includes a temperature specification , as the labial pipes change their pitch depending on the density of the vibrating air column
old name for the tuning system used , e.g. B. Pythagorean, medium-tone, well-tempered or floating on the same level (the latter is common today with many organs)

"Terza mano (soprani)": (Ital. "the third hand") a mechanical super-octave coupler for the treble range, common on Italian organs of the 19th century
Thirds constellation: Arrangement of the pipes on the wind chest in four blocks so that pipes stand next to each other with a major third apart; see. also Chromatic Constellation and Diatonic Constellation .
Theater organ: Organ in a theater or cinema, very often provided with special sound effects to support the plot; see. Cinema organ
Tirasse: (French for "pedal coupling")
Toe piston: (English toe = "toe", piston = "piston") see kick
Tonkanzelle
Sound canister drawer: With the Tonkanzelle drawer, all pipes that can sound when a key is pressed share a chamber, the so-called Tonkanzelle and thus also a game valve; see. Register drawer
Tone holes: negative effect on multiplex organs. Since rows of pipes are used several times, when playing several voices, there are fluctuations in pitch and depth.
Tone loop: "Play valve" of antique organs, which is similar to the functional principle of the register loop.
Tone tract: see game action
Sound valve: Valve that is operated using the buttons. Opens the air supply to the pulpit on slider chest organs.
Throat of tears: Special optical design of a throat in reed pipes
Action: Control of the whistle; a distinction is made between game and stop action
Action tensioner: Device of a mechanical action that keeps the abstract taut even when the weather changes
transmission: In this process, more than one playable register is obtained from an existing row of pipes
Tremulant: Device that causes the sound to vibrate by rapidly changing the air pressure and causing it to vibrate.
Chest organ: small, mostly transportable organ without a pedal
Tutti: Registration in which all or almost all of the organ stops sound

U

overblowing whistle: Double-length pipe, which is usually made to overblow ("octave") through a hole in the middle of the pipe body
overblowing reed whistle: Reed whistle with double goblet length (partly recognizable by the addition of "harmonique", e.g. "Trompette harmonique")
convict
Excess length: a whistle which, for optical reasons, was built much longer than it should be for sound generation. However, this is compensated for by an incision on the back of the pipe body.
inharmonic partial
Unit load: see box drawer
Unit system: see multiplex system
Universal organ: Attempt to build organs for organ music of all ages at the end of the 20th century
Unbalanced registers: These are special split registers that have a different footnote number in one half than in the other.
Lower labium: lower part of the labium , under the cut
Lower case: Housing part of the organ in which the bellows, actions etc. are housed

V

variable scale length: An organ register, the length of which does not remain constant over the range
Valve chamber
Valve box: or wind box. Inside are the valves.
Valve coupling
Concealment effect
Association of Organ Experts in Germany
Fading effect
History censorship
failure: Organ pipe that does not sound due to an error (e.g. in the action), cf. Howler
merging register: Register whose sound mixes well with other registers and therefore does not stand out from the overall sound; see. drawing register
Fusion ability: Property of an organ pipe to mix with other pipes or registers in the sound; important criterion of romantic intonation
VOD: see Association of Organ Experts in Germany
VOD / BDO standard 2000: A standardization of gaming tables by the Association of Organ Experts in Germany (VOD) and the Association of German Organ Builders (BDO).
full work: playing with all registers of a work ( plenary (music) )
Advance deduction: Ability to play the pipe line of a mixed voice separately
Pre-intonation: a rough intonation in the organ workshop
Preliminary tone: Part of the pipe speech
Storage bellows: see magazine bellows
Attachment strip: Wooden bar under the manual, in which combination and setting buttons are often embedded
suggestion: for wooden labial pipes (corresponds to the lower labial of a metal pipe)
Pilot valve: Valve on slider chest organs that sits on a large clay valve. This facility significantly reduces the strength of the pressure point.
vox principalis: deepest voice of a block

W.

roller: see sill
Warmklinger
Water column: The wind pressure of an organ is given in " millimeters of water column ".
Water organ
Alternating loop: Design of the register loop in a twin drawer, which enables a row of pipes to be registered on two manuals
Wide choir: Totality of all registers with wide scale (flutes)
Width measurement: Description of the relationship between pipe length and diameter
Corrugation: consists of the wave board or a wave frame , the waves with Wellenärmchen and shaft holders holds, see tracker action
waves: rotatably mounted, horizontally aligned bars on the wave board , which fan out the pulling movement of the abstract of a mechanical action sideways. This fanning out is necessary because the valves of a wind chest are more distant than the keys of a manual. Part of the corrugation , see action
Wave board: Part of the corrugation , see action
plant
Work principle: A special arrangement of the individual parts, for example in the case of north German baroque organs
Works separator: If several works are played from one keyboard , one of them can be separated.
Aries paddocks: Design of the sliding coupling; The mechanical coupling of the keys of the other manual is made by means of a specially shaped wooden part.
wind: describes the compressed air with which the pipes are made to ring.
Wind reduction: this allows you to make the lower registers even quieter
Wind indicator: Shows the fill level of the magazine bellows.
Wind throttle: Infinitely variable throttle device for the representation of avant-garde organ works
Wind throttle: Blocks the supply of wind, e.g. from the fan, when the magazine bellows is full.
Wind pressure: Pressure of the organ wind, measured in mm of water column
Wind speed: depends on wind consumption
Wind chamber bung: closes the wind chamber with the play valves located in it, can be opened for maintenance purposes. See wind chest .
Wind paddock: Execution of a coupling not within the action, but through separate valves in the wind chest.
Wind chest: Centerpiece of the organ; Connection between console and organ pipe
Wind gauge: Dimensioning of the holes in the drawer
gusty wind: Name for an unstable wind pressure; this effect occurs especially with undersized bellows in the tutt game
Wind balance: Device for measuring wind pressure
Winch: In modern organs, simply called “blower”, it is responsible for the even generation of compressed air, which in organ building is called wind
Seesaw beam: On the component, the coupling rockers of the rocker coupling rest
Rocker coupling: now common design of mechanical manual and pedal couplings
Seesaw spring tremulant: Tremulant, which consists of a small bellows and a valve on top. There is also a weight on the valve that is attached to a metal spring so that it can swing.
well tempered: all tuning systems that make it possible to play in all 12 keys without a wolf fifth , but where each key retains its own character.
Wolf fifth: Also Organ Wolf refers to a very strong "detuned" fifth, as occurs in various historical tunings.

Z

Zacharias tongue whistle: by Dipl.-Ing. Ernst Zacharias (* 1924) in Trossingen invented the type of pipe in the 1980s, see turned tongue
drawing register: a register whose sound stands out clearly from other registers and which can therefore be used as a characteristic voice or even as a solo part; see. merging register
Central gaming table: Game table from which all organs in a concert hall or church can be played. Mostly with an electric action.
pull: switch on a register , cf. repel
Zimbelstern: (also Cymbelstern ): a mechanical mechanism consisting of one or more stars with (not visible) small bells in the prospectus . These are posted when the star rotates. There are tonal differences in the metal used, with cast bells being preferable to those made of sheet metal.
zinc: Replacement for expensive organ metal .
tin: Part of the organ metal for the construction of organ pipes, pipes are also made of pure tin for the sake of appearance.
Tin plague: (also Gusspest ) an allotropic transformation of tin that destroys tin pipes
Tongue holder: Switches off all reed registers temporarily, so that they can be switched on again quickly.
Tongue graduation: Measures the length, width and thickness of the tongue
Whistle of tongue: see lingual pipe
Tongue voice: a register of lingual pipes
Supply pneumatics

Further lists on the subject of the organ

swell

Wolfgang Adelung: Introduction to organ building. Breitkopf & Härtel, Wiesbaden 1991, ISBN 3-7651-0279-2 .
Hans Klotz : The book of the organ. 14th edition. Bärenreiter, Kassel 2012, ISBN 978-3-7618-0826-9 .
Bernhard Ader: Organ Studies. In: Music in worship. Volume II. Ed .: Hans Musch . ConBrio, Regensburg 1994, ISBN 3-930079-22-4 , p. 256 ff.