Scented flowers

Scented flowers
	Several small inflorescences on the branch of Osmanthus fragrans
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Olive family (Oleaceae)
Genre :	Scented flowers
Scientific name
	Osmanthus
	Lour.

The scented flowers ( osmanthus ) are a genus of plants in the olive family (Oleaceae).

description

Illustration of Osmanthus delavayi

Vegetative characteristics

The osmanthus species grow as evergreen shrubs or trees . The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is simple. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated.

The zymous inflorescences are clustered in the leaf axils or the flowers are in short panicle inflorescences. There are two bracts .

Generative characteristics

The flowers of all kinds smell sweet (hence the name). The usually hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold with a double flower envelope . The four sepals are fused bell-shaped. The four fused petals are usually white or yellowish. There are only two (rarely four) stamens present.

Osmanthus species produce stone fruits .

Osmanthus delavayi

Prickly-leaved scented flower ( Osmanthus heterophyllus )

Spring scented flower ( Osmanthus × burkwoodii )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Osmanthus was established in 1790 by the Portuguese missionary and botanist João de Loureiro in Flora Cochinchinensis , 1, page 28.

All species occur in Paleotropic . Some species occur in the Middle East, the Himalayas and New Caledonia. Most of the species are common in Southeast Asia.

The genus Osmanthus comprises only about 29 species since 2015:

Osmanthus armatus Diels : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan .
Osmanthus attenuatus P.S. Green : Home is Turkey , Armenia and Georgia .
Osmanthus austrocaledonicus (Vieill.) Knobl. : The three subspecies occur in New Caledonia .
Osmanthus cooperi Hemsl. : It thrives at altitudes of 400 to 800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Jiangsu , Jiangxi and Zhejiang .
Osmanthus cymosus (Guillaumin) PSGreen : The home is New Caledonia.
Osmanthus decorus (Boiss. & Balansa) Kasapligil (Syn .: Phillyrea decora Boiss. & Balansa ): The homeland ranges from north-eastern Turkey to Transcaucasia .
Osmanthus delavayi Franch. (Syn .: Siphonosmanthus delavayi (Franch.) Stapf ): The home is China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan).
Osmanthus didymopetalus P.S.Green : You only comes in the Chinese province of Hainan before.
Osmanthus enervius Masam. & K.Mori : The home is Taiwan and the Japanese Ryūkyū Islands .
Osmanthus fordii Hemsl. : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi .
Sweet scented flower ( Osmanthus fragrans Lour. ) (Syn .: Osmanthus aurantiacus (Makino) Nakai , Osmanthus fragrans var. Aurantiacus Makino , Osmanthus fragrans var. Thunbergii Makino ): It is widespread from the Himalayas to Japan .
Osmanthus gracilinervis L.C.Chia ex RLLu : It is distributed in the Himalayas in India , Bhutan , Nepal , Myanmar , Thailand , Japan and in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.
Osmanthus hainanensis P.S. Green : It is only found in the Chinese province of Hainan.
Osmanthus henryi P.S. Green : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Hunan and Yunnan.
Thorn-leaved scented flower ( Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) PSGreen , Syn .: Ilex heterophylla G.Don , Olea aquifolium Siebold & Zucc. , Olea ilicifolia Siebold ex Hassk. And Osmanthus ilicifolius (Hassk.) Hort. Ex Carrière ): Home is Japan and Taiwan.

Osmanthus insularis Koidz. : The homeland is Korea and the Japanese Nansei-shoto and Ogasawara Islands .

Osmanthus iriomotensis T. Yamaz. : It is endemic to Nansei-shoto.

Osmanthus kaoi (TSLiu & JCLiao) SYLu : The home is Taiwan.

Osmanthus lanceolatus Hayata : It thrives at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters in Taiwan.

Osmanthus marginatus (Champ. Ex Benth.) Hemsl. : It is common in China, Taiwan and the Japanese Ryukyu Islands.

Osmanthus pubipedicellatus L.C.Chia ex HTChang : It occurs only in the Chinese province of Guangdong.

Osmanthus reticulatus P.S. Green : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and Sichuan.

Osmanthus rigidus Nakai : It is endemic to the Japanese island of Kyushu .

Osmanthus serrulatus Rehder : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangxi and Sichuan.

Osmanthus suavis King ex CBClarke : It is distributed in the Himalayas from India, Bhutan , Nepal , Myanmar to Tibet and Yunnan.

Osmanthus urceolatus P.S. Green : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan.

Osmanthus venosus Pamp. : It occurs only in the Chinese province of Hubei.

Osmanthus yunnanensis (Franch.) PSGreen (Syn .: Osmanthus forrestii Rehder and Pittosporum yunnanense Franch. ): It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan and in Tibet.

About six species were included in the genus Cartrema Raf in 2012 and 2015 . posed:

American scented flower ( Osmanthus mexicanus Lundell or Osmanthus americanus (L.) A.Gray ) → Cartrema americana (L.) GLNesom : It is distributed from the southeastern USA via Mexico to Honduras .
Osmanthus floridanus Chapm. (Syn .: Osmanthus megacarpus (Small) Small ex Little ) → Cartrema floridana (Chapm.) GLNesome : This endemic occurs only in central Florida.
Osmanthus longipetiolatus H.T.Chang , Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata , Osmanthus maximus H.T.Chang , Osmanthus obovatifolius Kaneh. , Osmanthus pedunculatus Gagnep. , Osmanthus wilsonii Nakai → Cartrema matsumurana (Hayata) de Juana : It occurs from Assam via Laos , Thailand, Cambodia , Vietnam and China to Taiwan.
Osmanthus minor P.S.Green → Cartrema minor (PSGreen) de Juana : It comes in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Zhejiang before and Hainan.
Osmanthus scortechinii King & Gamble → Cartrema scortechinii (King & Gamble) de Juana : It occurs from the Thai peninsula via Malaysia to Sumatra.
Osmanthus sumatranus P.S.Green → Cartrema sumatrana (PSGreen) de Juana : only occurs in Sumatra.

use

The sweet scented blossoms ( Osmanthus fragrans ) in particular are used in Asia as a spice that is widely used: In the “Chin Hsuan Cha” tea mixture, osmanthus blossoms are mixed into green tea ; they are also added to the scented wine as an ingredient.

Some varieties are used as ornamental plants .

Some horticultural hybrids have also been bred:

Spring scented flower ( Osmanthus × burkwoodii (Burkwood & Skipwith) PSGreen ): It is a hybrid Osmanthus decorus × Osmanthus delavayi , Syn .: × Osmarea burkwoodii Burkwood & Skipwith :

Osmanthus × fortunei Carrière : It is a hybrid of Osmanthus fragrans × Osmanthus heterophyllus ; This hybrid is hardy in western Central Europe (i.e. in Germany, Austria and Switzerland) .

Individual evidence

↑ Osmanthus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 14, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Osmanthus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 14, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b Guy L. Nesom: Synopsis of American Cartrema (Oleaceae). In: Phytoneuron , 2012-96, 2012, pp. 1-11. Full text PDF.
↑ ^a ^b José Ignacio De Juana Clavero: Cambios nomenclaturales en la sección Leiolea (Spach) PS Green, del género Osmanthus Lour. (Oleaceae). In: Bouteloua , Volume 22, November 14, 2015, pp. 28-39. Full text PDF.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Osmanthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, Peter S. Green: Oleaceae. : Osmanthus , p. 286 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .

Web links

Commons : Scented Flowers ( Osmanthus ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Some information about the genus. (German)
Entries about osmanthus in Plants For A Future
Osmanthus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Osmanthus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Tropicos-1] Osmanthus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved December 14, 2017.

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Osmanthus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 14, 2017.

[Nesom2012-3] Guy L. Nesom: Synopsis of American Cartrema (Oleaceae). In: Phytoneuron , 2012-96, 2012, pp. 1-11. Full text PDF.

[Clavero2015-4] José Ignacio De Juana Clavero: Cambios nomenclaturales en la sección Leiolea (Spach) PS Green, del género Osmanthus Lour. (Oleaceae). In: Bouteloua , Volume 22, November 14, 2015, pp. 28-39. Full text PDF.

[GRIN-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Osmanthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 14, 2017.

[FoC-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, Peter S. Green: Oleaceae. : Osmanthus , p. 286 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .