Party for moderate progress within the bounds of the law

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The party of moderate progress within the bounds of the law (PFGFIDSDG) , Czech Strana mírného pokroku v mezích zákona (SMPVMZ) was a party in Cisleithania ( Austria-Hungary ), which in 1911 under the leadership of the writer Jaroslav Hašek in the form of a parody on Participated in the election campaign for the Austrian Reichsrat . A resumption of their activities in the Czechoslovak Republic failed in 1921. Due to the dual character of the association as a “party” and a political-artistic “action group”, it is often difficult to distinguish between reality and fiction when portraying the PFGFIDSDG.

Campaign slogan: Each voter receives a small pocket aquarium

history

founding

Party leader Hašek

According to their party chairman Hašek the founding of the party took place in 1904 in the Prague district of Royal Vineyard (Vinohrady) located inn "At the Golden liter" ( "Zlatý litr") . Besides himself, the writer František Langer and the civil servant at the Prague technical center Eduard Drobílek, who provided the idea and took over the function of party cashier, were also involved. The party name refers directly to the controversial imperial rescript of September 12, 1871, in which the Bohemian state parliament, as the representative body of the Czech political forces, was asked to support the "contemporary order of constitutional conditions in a spirit of moderation and reconciliation". The immediate reason for founding the party was probably the overly adjusted political behavior of the Czech Social Democratic Party (“Evolution instead of Revolution”), whose Prague representatives held party events in the “Zlatý litr”. The party's battle cry became the abbreviation “SRK”, which officially stood for “solidarity, law and comradeship”, but in party practice meant slivovitz , rum and Kontuschowka .

The party grew slowly. According to its own information, it consisted of only eight people on December 14, 1904. In the course of time, however, the members included, in addition to a few lawyers and medical professionals, numerous figures from the Prague cultural scene, including the anarchist journalist and small publisher Antonín Bouček , temporarily recorder of the party, the satirist, painter and anarchist František Gellner , and the writer and satirist Karel Toman , Josef Mach , Gustav R. Opočenský , Louis Křikava and Josef Skružný , the anarchist poet Josef Rosenzweig-Moir , the journalists Karel Pelant and Karel V. Rypáček , the illustrator Josef Lada , the ballet dancer Franz Wagner, the alleged “hero of the Macedonian uprising "And self-proclaimed voivode Jan Klimeš as well as police commissioner Slabý, who appeared in the party meetings as a" power of order ".

In Prague, the party did not appear to develop any demonstrable public activity until 1911. From 1904 only one political cabaret program by Hašek with the title “I am a member of a delegation from the country” is known, which may represent an early form of party work. However, numerous scholars only started the founding of the party with the election campaign activities of 1911. In contrast, there are numerous texts that propaganda trips of party members in different regions of the Kuk - monarchy describe that took place before the 1911th The journeys described by the party chairman in the figurative sense as an " apostolic mission " led through Moravia , Lower Austria , Hungary , Croatia , Carniola , Styria , Upper Austria , Bohemia and Vienna . Since these propaganda trips show strong similarities with the “vagabond migrations” (“Čundr”) that Hašek has regularly undertaken since 1900 , the inclusion in the party history is possibly a subsequent assignment and mystification by the author. However, it can be proven that Hašek worked for anarchist newspapers and as an anarcho-syndicalist agitator during this period . For example, in 1907 he disrupted an election rally of the clerical party as a provocateur and in the same year was sentenced to one month in prison for “rioting” and “inciting bodily harm”. Therefore, some scientists consider the PFGFIDSDG to be an “anarchist cover organization”.

1911 election campaign

Party headquarters: Kravín Inn

On April 8, 1911, after the dissolution of the old Reichsrat, the Austrian Minister of the Interior set the date for the general election of representatives for the 21st session of the Austrian House of Representatives, which began in mid-July, for June 13, 1911. A few days later, in the new party headquarters, the “Kuhstall” (“Kravín”) restaurant in the “Royal Vineyards”, an executive committee of the reorganized party for moderate progress within the limits of the law announced that they wanted to campaign with their own candidate participate. At the same time, a manifesto was published to the Czech people, in which the party dogma of "moderate progress" should be brought closer:

“The Svatopluk-Čech Bridge was not built overnight either. First Svatopluk Čech had to be born, become a famous poet, die, then renovation had to be carried out, and only then was the Svatopluk-Čech Bridge built. "

This manifesto was even signed by the leading Czech Social Democrats Emanuel Škatula and Bohumír Šmeral , later co-founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia . However, it is extremely doubtful whether the two politicians who were campaigning themselves knew of their signatures in advance.

The election manifesto of the candidate for the Weinberge constituency, Jaroslav Hašek, comprised seven items:

  1. The reintroduction of slavery .
  2. Nationalization of the caretakers ("in the same way as in Russia [..], where every caretaker is also a police spy").
  3. The rehabilitation of animals.
  4. The establishment of state institutions for feeble-minded MPs.
  5. The reintroduction of the Inquisition .
  6. The inviolability of the clergy and the church ("If a schoolgirl is deflowered by a clergyman").
  7. Compulsory introduction of alcoholism.

The party organized numerous evenings, at which Max Brod and Franz Kafka were among the audience. Candidate Hašek held election speeches there for several hours “with a lot of promises and reforms, [he] reviled the other parties, denounced the opposing candidates, everything as befits a decent candidate for such dignity,” said participant František Langer. The lyricist Josef Mach wrote a party anthem especially for the election campaign:

"Milión kandidátů vstalo, / by oklamán byl bodrý lid,
by voličstvo jim hlasy dalo / prý ochotně je chtějí vzít.
Ať prudký pokrok chtějí jiní, / násilím zvracet světa řád,
my pokrok mírný chceme nyní, / pan Hašek je náš kandidát! "

German repeal:

“There are millions of candidates / who guess wrong people to unsuspecting people.
They want to get their votes / every voter is taken.
They want stormy progress / forcibly change the course of the worlds,
but we are setting up Mr. Hašek for moderate progress / as a candidate! "

In addition, handouts and posters were used to advertise their own candidates: “Voters, what you hope for from Vienna, you will also get from me!” - “Voters, protest against the earthquake in Mexico with your ballot papers!” - “Each of our voters will receive one Small pocket aquarium. ”And on the day of the election the party leadership tried to expand its campaign team by posting:“ A respectable man is hired here to defame opposing candidates. ”In vain - after counting the approximately 3,000 votes cast in the Weinberge constituency, the PFGFIDSDG only received 38 , a contemporary magazine publication after only 16 votes. The newspaper “Čas” reported in its “Tageschronik” on June 15, 1911: “Nothing is known about the fate of this candidacy, and the kk press office has not published any news about it either. The candidate intends to protest, however. ”The silence of the Imperial and Royal Electoral Commission was not unexpected, because apparently the party had not officially registered its candidacy. The few votes cast for Hašek were therefore considered invalid. Nevertheless, on July 17, 1911, PFGFIDSDG member František Gellner drew a positive summary of the election campaign in the magazine “Cartoony” :

“Assuming that with the enthusiastic agitation of the supporters of the party of moderate progress in the name of the law, the number of votes in the next elections will increase tenfold and that the Austrian parliament will be dissolved several times in the foreseeable future, we cannot doubt it that in a few years the candidate from the Party of Moderate Progress will enter parliament on behalf of the law. "

Further development

In 1913 the restaurant "Na Smetance" in the Prague district of Žižkov an I. congress held, but which homed few party members. When the party chairman accidentally put on the police superintendent's hat, the event was broken up. Hašek reports of a "long-term persecution of the party" that followed, a subsequent mystification.

After the outbreak of World War I , Hašek was called up as a soldier in February 1915 and was taken prisoner by Russia in September 1915. In 1916 he joined the Czechoslovak Legions , but deserted to the Red Army in 1918 , where he held various functions, mainly as Politruk in the Political Department of the 5th Siberian Army. In December 1920, Hašek returned to Prague with false papers.

In the course of 1921, the Second Party Congress of the PFGFIDSDG took place there in the large hall of the “Yugoslavia” restaurant in Prague-Žižkov, to which around 300 people attended. The climax of the party congress was the unanimous adoption of a foreign policy resolution, in which the demise of the globe was demanded due to the hopeless world situation.

Although it was announced that a III. secret party congress would be announced by newspaper advertisements under the heading “Where to today?”, the activities of the PFGFIDSDG ended in 1921. The reason for this was the poor health of the party founder and chairman Jaroslav Hašek, who retired to Lipnice nad Sázavou in August 1921 , where he worked on his novel The good soldier Schwejk until his death in January 1923 .

Reality and literary processing

The actual existence of the Party for Moderate Progress within the limits of the law is beyond dispute. In addition to the literary processing by Jaroslav Hašek, there are numerous contemporary newspaper and magazine articles in which the activities of the party are described. It is also repeatedly dealt with in the memoirs of those involved and contemporary witnesses and is mentioned in scientific works. According to Kindler's New Literature Lexicon, Hašek's published speeches can be assumed to have actually been given by him “in this or a similar form”. The rumored number of over 1,000 election campaign events at which Hašek is said to have appeared during the campaign lacks any realistic basis.

In 1911/12 Jaroslav Hašek wrote almost 30 texts about the PFGFIDSDG and its members. These are partly literary descriptions of events, partly fictitious humoresques . The manuscript was bought in 1912 by the Prague publisher Karel Ločák, but not published because he feared problems with the personal rights of the persons described. The next owner of the manuscript, Alois Hatina, published only ten of the texts in the magazine "Směr" in 1924/25 after Hašek's death . Nevertheless, the party was not forgotten. When in 1928 the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia tried to divert attention from its failures through increased populist propaganda campaigns, the social democratic newspaper Právo Lidu asked ironically: "Are the Communists the party of moderate progress within the framework of the law?"

In 1937 the newspaper Rudé právo printed 23 of Hašek's texts. They were first published in full in book form in Czech in 1963 and in German translation in 1971. In the appendix to this edition (“Sources and Materials”) there are two other texts apparently written by Hašek on the 1911 election campaign as well as one of Hašek's speeches recorded by František Langer and Josef Mach. Independently of this, Hašek wrote the minutes of the Second Party Congress , which appeared in German in 1957, in the early 1920s .

Legal position of the party

From today's perspective, it seems astonishing what freedom Hašek and his colleagues were able to use for their party activities. The reason for this was the disdain for the party system and the lack of constitutional integration of parties in the Habsburg monarchy . In legal practice, the term party was used either in the sense of a political "club", an "association" or in the sense of "electoral party" analogous to the respective electoral regulations. A political party law was only passed in Austria in 1975. Before this point in time, parties were founded either through a simple declaration by the parties involved or through a "founding agreement" according to the rules of the Association Act.

Since 1867, associations no longer required approval from the supervisory authority to establish and have legal capacity, but were only subject to a four-week "prohibition period" (§ 6), which the PFGFIDSDG easily withstood due to its "state-supporting" appearance. However, due to the assumed dangerousness of parties, detailed regulatory measures were regulated in the Association Act, such as the obligation to notify all association activities and the right to official surveillance. The election events of the PFGFIDSDG were also subject to this surveillance by police bodies. The supervising official was allowed to dissolve meetings, but he was expressly forbidden to interfere in the debate or speak to anyone other than the chairman of the association, which considerably limited his practical threat to the public meetings of the PFGFIDSDG:

“The founders of this party, their Central Committee, sat at a long table with weighty expressions below an improvised podium. The young chairman and a police commissioner were enthroned on the podium at a small table with even more serious faces. Hašek stood next to him and gave his "election speech". [...] The hall burst with laughter. And the police superintendent, who absolutely did not understand what was actually going on, looked around lost and did not know whether to intervene here. "

rating

Scientifically, there is broad scientific agreement on the motivation for founding the PFGFIDSDG: The author and editor Günther Jarosch sees social criticism and the mockery of the opportunistic party system of the time through “hyperloyalty” as the driving force. These were also the foundations of the acceptance of the provocative party activities by the Czech cultural elite in Prague, which can only be understood in connection with the nationality problem in Bohemia that had been simmering for decades. The political scientist Ekkehart Krippendorff emphasizes that in a "mixture of joke, and ultimately seriousness [...] the confusion and the moral-pretentious rhetoric of the party politics of the time was brought to the point". Only the Hašek researcher Gustav Janouch considers the party to be a kind of drunkard joke that should only serve to increase the sales of drinks in the “Kravín” inn. Jaroslav Hašek's son Richard, born in 1912, contradicts this: “My father was very serious about the candidacy in the 1911 elections and assumed that he would get the number of votes he needed. After the election defeat he was very disappointed and depressed. "

In terms of content, the approach taken by Hašek and his party comrades shows a merciless game with the "concepts" and "values" of political life, according to the Slavist Gisela Riff. And the philologist Walter Schamschula describes Hašek's goal as the disillusionment of the audience by breaking bourgeois taboos - not only with regard to Austro-Hungarian parliamentarism and its leading figures, but also with regard to oneself. That is why Hašek did not stop at himself and his party in his criticism, but rather describes in anecdotal accounts his readiness to lie, cheat and deny his own political convictions out of self-interest.

Gisela Riff also emphasizes the “impromptu” character of Hašek's appearances. Hašek's main means of doing this was freely improvised speech, connecting important things with nonsensical, facts with sham facts in long chains of associations. Hašek said in a campaign speech:

“Laws of order and security agencies watch over us, without whose supervision not even a hair can fall off our heads. This is progress. If we look elsewhere, to China for example, where the security organs are chopping off people's heads, then we ourselves have to admit that we are making progress. "

However, as the duration of the events increased, the lines of argument became more and more absurd:

“Friends, we're at a point where we didn't want to be. Just like the man who wanted to go to Ceske Budejovice and caught a train going in the opposite direction. He was caught by the conductor in 2nd class even though he only had a 3rd class ticket and was thrown off the train in Bakov . And because one of the pioneers of our party, Mr Galileo Galilei, once said: 'And it is moving', I too now say: Please move, Fraulein Bożenka, and bring another round, please: three more beers for me , an Allasch for Opočenský, a quarter of white wine for Langer, a beer and a Magador for Diviš and a mineral water for Gottwald. That is proof of Galileo's words 'And yet it is moving' and abundant evidence that the Party for Moderate Progress within the bounds of the law knows how to prevail and care what its voters want. "

Riff and, following her, the linguist and translator Jana Halamíčková draw parallels to art forms and means such as happenings , Dada events, audience participation and public abuse . The PFGFIDSDG is thus one of the forerunners of political forms of action that, since the 1968 movement and the formation of a new alternative culture, have questioned the established political institutions, forces and channels of communication and ultimately led to a new practice of expressing political opinions based on the responsible citizen show up, for example, in spontaneous actions or the strategy of the communication guerrilla .

Post-history

After the collapse of communism, the party, which, according to self-mystification, had continued to exist illegally since 1921, appeared again in November 1989 under the leadership of cartoonists Josef Kobra Kučera and Vít Hrabánek and organized the long-announced III. Party congress. Furthermore, from 1990 to 1992 a satirical magazine called Skrt was published as a party magazine with an official circulation of 300,000 copies.

In the years that followed, the party faced current political problems: In 2000 it called for “moderate globalization within the framework of the law” and suggested that as many of your own children as possible be sent abroad to fight globalization to demonstrate. And in January 2006 Richard Hašek, grandson of Jaroslav Hašek and a leading member of the party, signed a “non-aggression pact” with the KDU-ČSL , the Christian Democratic Party of the Czech Republic, for the upcoming parliamentary elections . The contract, in which mutual attacks with beer and slivovitz were still expressly permitted, was signed by the then chairman of the KDU-ČSL Miroslav Kalousek in the presence of his deputy Jan Kasal, Vice-President of the Czech House of Representatives .

In 2003 a sister party was founded in Austria under the name Party of Appropriate Progress within moderate limits. Since no activities of this party can be proven, a mystification can also be assumed here.

See also

literature

  • Jan Berwid-Buquoy: The adventures of the not so good humorist Jaroslav Hašek. Legends and Reality. Berlin: Bi-Hi Verlag 1989, ISBN 3-924933-02-2
  • Jaroslav Hašek: The party of measured progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M .: Suhrkamp 1971 (2nd edition 1990); Re-translation as the history of the Party of Moderate Progress under the Law. Berlin: Parthas Verlag 2005, ISBN 3-86601-310-8
  • Jaroslav Hašek: Minutes of the Second Congress of the Party for Moderate Progress within the Limits of the Law. In: Ders .: School of Humor. Frankfurt a. M .: Gutenberg Book Guild 1957, pp. 231–237.
  • Radko Pytlik: Jaroslav Hašek in letters, pictures and memories. Berlin (East) / Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag 1983.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German also translated as: party of moderate progress within the limits of the law , party of moderate progress within the framework of the law, etc. Ä.
  2. ↑ a b Helmut Rumpler, Adam Wandruszka, Peter Urbanitsch (eds.): The Habsburg Monarchy 1848–1918. Volume VIII: Political Public and Civil Society. Volume 1: Associations, parties and interest groups as carriers of political participation. Vienna 2006, p. 700.
  3. ^ A b Jaroslav Hašek: The founding program of the party of measured progress within the limits of the law. In: Ders .: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, pp. 9-13.
  4. ^ Draft of the final imperial rescript to the Bohemian Landtag (from September 12, 1871) ; see also Jaroslav Hašek: The State Police School . In: Ders .: The Confession of the High Traitor . Frankfurt / M., Berlin: Ullstein 1990, pp. 242-252.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Walter Schamschula: Afterword. In: Jaroslav Hašek: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, pp. 149-160.
  6. ↑ Jaroslav Hašek: The organizational centers of the party. In: Ders .: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, pp. 46-50.
  7. ↑ Jaroslav Hašek: The Macedonian Voivode Klimeš. In: Ders .: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, pp. 17-28.
  8. ↑ Jan Klimeš was part of the Prague Bohème for several years from 1904. In 1906 his book "Life among the Macedonian Insurgents" was published.
  9. ^ A b Jaroslav Hašek: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, pp. 69-114, 120-123.
  10. ↑ a b cf. Radko Pytlik: Jaroslav Hašek in letters, pictures and memories. Berlin (East) / Weimar 1983.
  11. ↑ Chris Bezzel: Kafka Chronicle. Data on life and work. Munich 1975, p. 70.
  12. ↑ s. Reichsgesetzblatt 1911 , p. 165 ; Shorthand record .
  13. ↑ Manifesto of the Party of Moderate Progress within the Limits of Law. In: Jaroslav Hašek: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, Appendix, pp. 137-139.
  14. ↑ a b January Berwid-Buquoy: Party for moderate progress within the bounds of the law (PFGFIDSDG). In: Ders .: The adventures of the not so good humorist Jaroslav Hašek. Berlin 1989, pp. 175-185.
  15. ^ Ritchie Robertson: Kafka: Judentum, Gesellschaft, Literatur. Stuttgart: Metzler 1988, p. 189; On the tradition of German socialist literature. A selection of documents 1926–1949. Berlin / Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag 1979, p. 312; Ekkehart Krippendorff: Political Interpretations. Frankfurt a. M .: Suhrkamp 1990, p. 105.
  16. ↑ cit. n. Walter Klier: Forced introduction of alcoholism. In: Wiener Zeitung v. December 9, 2006.
  17. ↑ cit. n. Petr Hora: Lidi, nedejte se, držím vám palce! . In: Obrys-Kmen No. 23/08 v. June 7, 2008.
  18. ↑ German adaptation of user: Svickova and user: Tvwatch ; a more free translation can be found in: Karl-Heinz Jähn (Ed.): Das Prager Kaffeehaus. Literary dinner parties. Berlin (Ost) 1988, p. 36: “Now the parties come up, spread their lies, they want, each as they can, to cheat the good people. We advocate progress, but very moderately. Progress must be moderate. And Hasek's candidate. "
  19. ↑ a b The day of the elections. In: Jaroslav Hašek: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, Appendix, pp. 141-143.
  20. ↑ a b Radko Pytlik: Jaroslav Hašek in letters, pictures and memories. Berlin (East) / Weimar 1983, p. 215.
  21. ↑ a b Radko Pytlik: Jaroslav Hašek in letters, pictures and memories. Berlin (East) / Weimar 1983, p. 213f.
  22. ↑ a b Cecil Parrott: Jaroslav Hašek. A study of Švejk and the short stories. Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 11.
  23. ↑ a b Jaroslav Hašek: Minutes of the Second Congress of the Party for Moderate Progress within the Limits of the Law. In: Ders .: School of Humor. Frankfurt a. M. 1957, pp. 231-237.
  24. ↑ z. B. Arnošt Kolman : The lost generation. We shouldn't have lived like this. Frankfurt a. M .: Fischer TB, revised. Edition 1982, p. 41f .; František Langer: Byli a bylo . Praha: Akropolis 2003 (first 1963).
  25. ^ Kindler's New Literature Lexicon. Vol. 7. Munich: Kindler 1990, p. 359.
  26. ^ Felix Krüll: The confessions of a German regulars' table. Norderstedt: BoD 2004, p. 148.
  27. ↑ Wolf Oschlies: The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938). In: Karl Bosl (ed.): The democratic-parliamentary structure of the First Czechoslovak Republic. Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag 1975, pp. 53–82, here: p. 72. (at Google Books ).
  28. ↑ a b Speech on the occasion of the founding of the party. In: Jaroslav Hašek: The party of moderate progress within the limits of the law. Frankfurt a. M. 1971, Appendix, pp. 139f.
  29. ↑ s. Austrian constitutional law. Vol. 3: Fundamental rights. Vienna 2003, p. 115; see also Georg Ress: The Conseil Constitutionnel and the protection of fundamental freedoms in France. In: Jb of public law , NF 23 (1974), esp. Pp. 146-149 (at Google Books ).
  30. ↑ cf. the new foundations of the ÖVP , SPÖ and KPÖ , later referred to as “declarations of independence” , see p. Austrian constitutional law. Vol. 3: Fundamental rights. Vienna 2003, p. 115.
  31. ^ Association law of 1867 .
  32. ↑ s. Erika Kruppa: The club system of the Prague suburb Smichow 1850-1875. Munich: Oldenbourg 1992 (publications of the Collegium Carolinum. Vol. 67), p. 37, note 22.
  33. ^ Arnošt Kolman: The lost generation. We shouldn't have lived like this. Frankfurt a. M .: Fischer TB, revised. Edition 1982, p. 41f.
  34. ^ Günther Jarosch: Afterword. In: Jaroslav Hašek: The Confession of the High Traitor. Frankfurt a. M./Berlin: Ullstein 1990, pp. 332-342, here: p. 336.
  35. ↑ s. Erika Kruppa: The nationality problem in Bohemia at the beginning of the constitutional age. In: Diess .: The association system of the Prague suburb Smichow 1850–1875. Munich: Oldenbourg 1992 (publications by the Collegium Carolinum. Vol. 67), pp. 21–32.
  36. ^ Ekkehart Krippendorff: The fatal comedy of the logic of state order: Jaroslav Hašek. In: Ders .: Political Interpretations. Frankfurt a. M .: Suhrkamp 1990, pp. 95-114, here: p. 105.
  37. ↑ Gustav Janouch: Jaroslav Hasek. The father of the good soldier Schweik. Bern: Francke 1966.
  38. ↑ a b c Gisela Riff: Special features: None. About Jaroslav Hašek, born in 1883. In: Neue Rundschau 94 (1), 1983, pp. 65–82, here: p. 68.
  39. ↑ Czech in František Langer: Byli a bylo . Prague 1963; English in The Party of Moderate Progress Within the Bounds Of the Law (Weblink); German by user: Tvwatch .
  40. ↑ Jana Halamíčková: Afterword. In: Jaroslav Hašek: The abstainer evening and other humoresques. Frankfurt a. M .: Fischer TB 1986, pp. 149–155, here: p. 151.
  41. ↑ Umberto Eco : For a semiological guerrilla (1967). In: Ders .: About God and the World . Munich 1985, pp. 146-156; Autonomous Africa Group, Luther Blissett , Sonja Brünzels: Handbook of Communication Guerilla . Hamburg / Berlin 1997.
  42. ↑ Strana mírného pokroku v mezích zákona. (Party document of November 1989); Political Parties in Eastern Europe ( Memento of the original from June 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty Background Report v. February 10, 1990; Library evidence Skrt . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / files.osa.ceu.hu
  43. ↑ Co nového ve Strane mírného pokroku v mezích zákona. . In: Zpravodaj KAN č. 60, October 2000; KDU-ČSL a Strana mírného pokroku v mezích zákona uzavřely pact o neútočení. ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kdu.cz
  44. ↑ s. Publication of the articles of association in a periodic medium in accordance with the Political Parties Act.
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