Pedroche

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Pedroche municipality
coat of arms Map of Spain
Pedroche coat of arms
Pedroche (Spain)
Finland road sign 311 (1994-2020) .svg
Basic data
Autonomous Community : Andalusia
Province : Cordoba
Comarca : Los Pedroches
Coordinates 38 ° 30 ′  N , 5 ° 8 ′  W Coordinates: 38 ° 30 ′  N , 5 ° 8 ′  W
Height : 621  msnm
Area : 121.65 km²
Residents : 1,516 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density : 12.46 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 14412
Municipality number  ( INE ): 14051
administration
Mayor : Santiago Ruiz García ( PSOE )

Pedroche is a Spanish municipality in the province of Cordoba , Andalusia . It belongs to the Los Pedroches municipal association and covers an area of ​​122 km², had 1516 inhabitants in 2019 and is located at an altitude of 621 m above sea level , north of Cordoba , approx. 93 km away from the provincial capital. The picturesque village lies in a landscape with extensive pastures with holm oaks . The extensive pasture farming is mainly used for the production of Jamón Ibérico . The village nestles against a small hill and is characterized by its narrow streets and the tower of the Iglesia del Salvador (Church of the Redeemer) is particularly characteristic of the cityscape. A special feature of the architectural style is the use of granite alternating with limestone . This type of construction is typical for the region. The village sees itself as the historical capital of the seven cities in the region that is named after him. It is not known exactly when the city was founded, but traces of settlement go back to prehistoric times. Today it belongs to the judicial district of Pozoblanco . The village can be recognized from afar through the tower of its parish church. It is known for its patronage festival, the so-called Los Piostros .

geography

Límites pedroche

Pedroche is located in the center of the Valle de Los Pedroches . The municipality borders on Torrecampo to the north, Pozoblanco to the south, Villanueva de Córdoba and Torrecampo to the east and Dos Torres to the west . The village is on a large hill. Apparently the strategically favorable location was decisive for the settlement. Like the whole comarca, the city rises on the almost level of a granite plateau. The stone shield was shaped by rain and wind over the course of millions of years, creating a flat, undulating landscape. The plains are covered with grasslands and willows with hat oak . The most important elevations include Cerro Hidalgo , Cerro de las Animas and Cerro San Pedro .

Waters

The area belongs to the Guadiana basin , and since Pedroche is in the north of the valley, its streams drain to the Guadiana. there are only small streams (riachuelos y torrentes) that drain into the larger streams such as Arroyos del Santa María and Guadamora .

The Arroyo del Santa María

This brook arises southeast of Pozoblanco and runs to the northeast. Its winding valley runs northwest of Pedroches, where it takes up a large part of the rivulets from Pedroches.

  • surroundings of Pedroche.

  • View of Pedroche.

  • Plaza de las siete villas.

  • Ermita de Piedrasantas.

  • Santa María del Castillo.

  • The torre.

  • The roman bridge.

climate

The Andalusian climate (clima gachero) is a typically Mediterranean climate , but it is shaped by the plateau of the Submeseta Meridional, which means that the summers are comparatively short and the winters longer. Temperatures range between 6 and 8 ° C in winter, even with night frosts, while in summer the average temperature is 21 ° C. However, the maximum temperature rises to over 36 ° C. The mean annual temperature is 18–19 ° C. Rain falls mainly in autumn and spring, so that about 70-80 rainy days are counted. The annual precipitation amounts to 700 mm.

history

The oldest evidence of human settlement goes back to antiquity. It is known that there was a Roman city in the area, Oxintigis , after which the entire region was named the Oxintiade . According to Fray Andrés de Guadalupe , the settlement was founded as early as 2263 BC. Pliny the Elder reports that it was founded around 300 BC. C. However, there is no evidence for these theories.

antiquity

Pliny writes: "In Hispania, in the north of the Betica province, there is the region called Oxintiade with the capital Oxintigis (Pedroche)." According to Juan de Oraza, the name changed to Baedro in Roman times . (However, El Viso is also identified by this name.) A sarcophagus and a bridge come from Roman times.

Goth time

Little is known about the time of the Great Migration . It is known that Visigoths and Vandals succeeded each other and that the Visigoths founded the Castillo de Pedroche , to which they named Bretus Hins . A legend passed down by Moral Padilla says that King Rodrigo of the Visigoths persecuted the children of Witiza , who had found refuge in the Betrus Hins castle .

Moorish time

When the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by the Moors around 700 , Pedroche was considered the most powerful city in the Cordoba area, with a strong wall and a large castle that no longer exists. The balance of power changed so that Christians and Muslims succeeded each other in rule until the city fell to Alfonso VII in 1155 , who is also known as Reu de Pedroche in Pedroche .

The Reconquista

The conquest began under Alfonso VII. Due to the strong fortifications of the city, the siege dragged on and after an initial success the Muslims came back to power. In 1158 Alfonso conquered the city again and entrusted the Order of Calatrava with the defense, but after the lost battle of Alarcos, the city fell again into the hands of the Muslims. Only after the victory of the Castilians in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa did the city finally go to the Christians.

Early modern age

In the following period there was a new settlement. It emerged Villanueva de Córdoba , Alcaracejos , Villanueva del Duque and Añora that the rule were assumed by Pedroche. In the 15th century, Pedroche was under the Reyes Católicos . Pedro López de Ayala writes in his Libro de la caza de las aves that the best falcons are kept in Pedroche and that many people were brought in to repopulate part of Galicia . The 16th century was Pedroche's golden age. During this time the great tower was built as well as the Convento de la Concepción and the church.

Epoca del marquesado

In the middle of the 17th century, Felipe IV handed the Valle de los Pedroches under the sovereignty of Córdoba to the Counts of El Carpio . In the following 187 years under the rule of the Carpio , Pedroche visibly deteriorated. Due to economic crises and epidemics, the city lost its inhabitants and the well-known seven cities were created. In 1747 the counts lost jurisdiction over the Villas de Pedroche .

19th century Between 1808 and 1810, the French troops captured Pedroche, sacked it and left the city in utter poverty. On April 17, 1835, the seven cities declared their independence in the Eremita de Piedrasantas , whereby Pedroche finally lost his primacy.

economy

The economy in Pedroche is mainly determined by agriculture and especially livestock. There are oats , alfalfa grown wheat, and corn. A considerable part of agriculture also makes up fruit growing on artificially irrigated areas. Pedroche has always been a place for animals. However, the fall in the price of agricultural products has resulted in many people giving up animal husbandry. Nevertheless, there are still sheep, cattle, pig and - numerically the largest group - horse breeders. There is no industry and the service sector is only poorly developed.

Mining

As in other municipalities in the region, mining was carried out in Pedroche in ancient times. The deposits have long been no longer profitable, but there are still abandoned mines.

  • Mina de Azoque , mercury and lead mine
  • In the area of ​​the Ermita de San Sebastián there was a pyrite and iron ore mine (Calabrita)

Flora and fauna

The thick, centuries-old oaks dominate the mountains and have been supplying firewood and coal since then. In the hill country of the maquis (monte bajo) olives, rockrose, strawberry trees, mastic, thyme, rosemary and others grow, while tamujo (Flueggea tinctoria), oleander and poplar (álamos) can be found along the streams. The animal world is characterized by a wealth of game. In addition to deer and wild boar, predators such as foxes, gorse cats , ferrets, weasels and even wolves can be found. These feed on the abundant hares and rabbits on the web. Common birds are sparrows, goldfinches, blackbirds, larks, and larks, as well as owls, partridges, etc. Due to climate change, migratory birds such as swallows, storks and bee-eaters have been overwintering in Pedroche in recent years. Reptiles are represented by lizards of various species, stair snakes, horseshoe snakes and vipers, while various amphibian species such as frogs and toads are native to the pools and streams.

Culture

There are various sports and cultural facilities for the citizens of the municipality: 8 parks, the football field of FC Pedroche , swimming pool, sports hall, youth center, library and several schools.

societies

There is a lively club life in Pedroche:

  • La sociedad de cazadores (hunting club, founded in 1969).
  • Asociación de Madres y Padres de Alumnos (AMPA): Parents association for students at the Simón Obejo y Valera school center .
  • Asociación de amas de Casa Reina Cava (Women's Association).
  • La Peña Madridista Gachera ( Real Madrid Fan Club ).
  • Banda de Música Santa Cecilia (orchestra).
  • Agrupación Musical (music association).

Attractions

Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz

Tower of the Iglesia de Pedroche.

Festivals

Los Piostros

Every year on September 7th and 8th one of the largest horse events in Andalusia takes place. The festival participants come to the Ermita de su Señora on their horses, donkeys, mules and mules . A special feature is that the women ride mules on special stretchers. When the train reaches the church there is a mass and then the orchestra plays some melodies. Then the participants go to the famous El Molar hill , whereupon they return at a gallop. In 2010 the event was declared the Fiesta de Interés Turístico de Andalucía .

The función de los Soldados

A traditional fiesta takes place on Easter Monday . According to legend, the festival goes back to a simple housewife, Clarita, whose husband Manolete had to go to war in Morocco in 1917 . In her sadness, Clarita vowed the Virgen de Piedrasantas to hold a mass and a festival every year on Easter Monday when her lover would return. In the past, it was mainly virgins and young men who were assigned to military service who attended mass. Since the end of compulsory military service, it is mainly the young people who will come of age this year (los quintos).

Personalities

  • Nacho Romero (Juan Ignacio Romero Misas), basketball player.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. ↑ la jara, el madroño, lentisco, tomillo, romero

literature

  • Mancomunidad de Los Pedroches: Los Pedroches. Mancomunidad de Municipios, Cordoba. Guia Turistica 1998. CO-1,388-1998.

Web links

Commons : Pedroche  - Collection of images, videos and audio files