Villanueva de Córdoba

Villanueva de Córdoba municipality
Basic data
Autonomous Community :	Andalusia
Province :	Cordoba
Comarca :	Los Pedroches
Coordinates	38 ° 19 ′ N , 4 ° 37 ′ W Coordinates: 38 ° 19 ′ N , 4 ° 37 ′ W
Height :	725 msnm
Area :	429.52 km²
Residents :	8,729 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density :	20.32 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	14440
Municipality number ( INE ):	14069
administration
Mayor :	Mª Dolores Sánchez Moreno ( PP )
Website :	www.villanuevadecordoba.com

Villanueva de Córdoba is a Spanish municipality in the province of Córdoba , Andalusia . In 2019 the community had 8,729 inhabitants.

geography

Villanueva de Córdoba belongs to the Comarca de Los Pedroches . The municipality is located in the north of the province of Cordoba . The municipality covers 429.5 km² and rises to 725 m above sea level . The distance to the provincial capital Cordoba is 70 km. There is a direct connection via the A-421 and a connection to Cardeña (110 km) via the A-424 . The population density is 22.8 E / km².

In the populated area, the Arroyo de la Fuente and the Arroyo de la Amadilla (with secondary springs) arise , both of which drain to the south and soon merge into the Arroyo de la Fuente del Sordo . They flow to the Rio Matapuerca .

history

In the area of Villanueva de Córdoba there has been evidence of settlement since prehistoric times. Signs of this can be found above all in a number of graves, such as the Dólmen de las Aguilillas from the Copper Age . This chamber tomb consists of a polygonal chamber with a short corridor for access. The grave goods consisted of dishes with a wider rim, flint blades , necklaces, axes and several ceramic vessels without decorations.

The historian De las Casas-Deza locates the original settlement in the time of the Roman Empire very close to the current settlement center, while most historians the location of the ancient city of Solia in the area of today's Majadaiglesia , at the Ermita de las Cruces , about 5 km from El Guijo away, guess. The erroneous localization of Solia in the area of Villanueva de Córdoba contributed to the fact that a votive altar for the Roman god Jupiter had been found in the city area . In Roman times the Roman road ran through the place, which connected the region of Iliturgis ( Andújar ) with the plateau (Meseta). There were a large number of mines , where lead and copper were mined and you also can identify many slag pits. The mining areas in which copper was mined include " la Atalayuela ", " Barranco de Góngora ", " las Almagreras " and " la dehesa de la Concordia " (Willow of Concord). Lead mines were located in the areas of " el Torrejón ", " la Garranchosa " and " las Tres Cruces " (Three Crosses).

A stone has survived from the Gothic period, the inscription of which refers to an "Ilpericus". It is dated to AD 665. Later, during the time of the Caliphate of Córdoba , one of the routes that connected Córdoba with Toledo ran through the town , the so-called "Camino del Armillat". This street also ran through Adamuz , for example . In 1155 the Christians under Alfonso VII began to recapture the entire area that today belongs to the Valle de los Pedroches . The decisive battle did not take place until 1212 with the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa under Alfonso VIII .

Tradition says that, like the other places in the Comarca de los Pedroches , Villanueva de Córdoba was founded in the 14th century by settlers from Pedroche who wanted to escape the plague that ravaged the cities at the time. The location was chosen on two of the old road from Cordoba to Toledo. The core of today's settlement, however, was certainly not created until the 15th century under the name " Encinaenana " (oak). The current name was mentioned for the first time in 1499, with the name " Villanueva de la Jara " sometimes also occurring. According to several historians, the toponym aims to emphasize independence from the Señorío de Santa Eufemia . Until 1553 the names "Villanueva de Córdoba" and "de la Jara" were used alternately. On April 10, 1553, Charles I gave the place city rights, which was confirmed under his son Felipe II . This document has survived and reports that 280 residents paid 700,000 maravedíes for this right , making them independent from Pedroche. The document is signed with the imperial seal and the citizens probably believed that this was also the coat of arms that was awarded to them. Since then Villanueva de Córdoba proudly used this coat of arms, because there is no more glorious coat of arms in the world than the coat of arms of Villanueva de Córdoba .

In 1724 the city took part in the negotiation and signing of the agreement that united the Seven Villas de los Pedroches and ultimately placed them under the rule of the Marqueses del Carpio in 1747 , who had ruled since 1660, even if the cities were nominally under the crown. In 1785, 1786 and 1787, during the reign of Carlos III , a terrible epidemic caused several dozen deaths as a result of poor harvests.

The crest

Coat of arms of Villanueva de Córdoba in the Ermita de Virgen de la Luna .

Street in Villanueva de Córdoba.

The coat of arms of Villanueva de Córdoba originated from the coat of arms of Carlos I , who in 1533 gave the village the title "Villa". Although it was never officially awarded, the city uses the coat of arms with the emblems of Imperial Spain and the Holy Roman Empire .

The coat of arms shows the possessions of Charles I , who as Charles V was also German Emperor. He was the first monarch to inherit four European monarchies and in his person the crown of Castile , Aragón , Naples and Sicily from maternal inheritance, as well as the Burgundian Netherlands and the Habsburg possessions and the right to imperial dignity. Many of these possessions are represented in his seal.

Coat of arms of Villanueva de Córdoba, simplified version of the coat of arms of Charles V

The coat of arms of Villanueva de Córdoba has greatly simplified the extensive coat of arms. The shield is quartered with a heart shield in the middle and another heart shield in the lower half. The first quarter bears another quarter, in the quarter of which a golden castle with three towers and three battlements each can be seen crossed on a red background (for the Kingdom of Castile) and on a silver background a purple lion, crowned in gold and with an extended tongue and extended claws (Kingdom of Leon). The upper left quarter is divided. You can see the red and gold stripes of aragon and eagle in two diamonds. Below the right side is divided again. Above is a silver stripe on a red background, below it is blue and gold stripes diagonally on a red background. On the lower left side at the top in a red and silver chess border are the golden Burgundian lilies on an azure blue ground and below that a golden lion on a black ground ( Brabant ). The upper heart shield shows a pomegranate . The lower heart shield is cut in half and shows a rising lion on gold on the right and a red eagle on a silver background on the left. The shield is carried by a crowned double-headed eagle.

traffic

The city is connected to traffic by the roads A-421 , A-424 , A-3100 and the provincial roads CO-6101 , CO-6102 , CO-6103 . Since March 29, 2014, the AVE trains have also stopped at the Estación de Villanueva de Córdoba-Los Pedroches , which creates a better connection to the north and has given a strong boost to business and tourism.

economy

The main industries are still livestock and agriculture. Above all, the acorn-fed pork from Los Pedroches makes it famous throughout Europe. The production of Cerdo ibérico (Jámon serrano) is one of the most important branches of business for the cattle farmers.

In 2007, 565 hectares were used for arable farming, mainly for growing fodder grain. 331 ha of which are not irrigated and 38 ha are permanently irrigated. In 2007, 4826 hectares were available for tree plantations, mainly used for olive cultivation . Overall, the local economy consists of small and very small companies. In 2007, 596 companies had 5 employees or fewer. There were only 31 companies with 6-19 employees and thirteen companies with more than 20 employees.

In 2008 there were 6 bank branches in town, 2598 telephone connections, 806 ADSL connections and 3821 registered cars.

Tourism was served in 2007 by eight restaurants, a hotel, a hostel and 45 vacation rooms.

climate

The climate is a typical inland Mediterranean climate with cold winters and hot summers.

Patrimonio artístico y monumental

Museum de Villanueva de Córdoba.

Iglesia de San Miguel de Villanueva de Córdoba.

Antigua Audiencia de Villanueva de Córdoba , (17th century)
Casa consistorial de Villanueva de Córdoba , (18th century)

Churches

Iglesia de San Miguel Arcángel (16th-18th centuries)
Ermita de San Sebastián (16th century)
Iglesia de Cristo Rey (20th century)
Iglesia del Dulce Nombre de Jesús (20th century)
Hospital de Jesús Nazareno (19th century)
Ermita de la Virgen de Luna (15th century)
Ermita de San Gregorio (15th century, now gone)
Ermita de Jesús (disappeared today).

Culture

Celebrations and holidays

San Sebastian on January 20th. Large candlesticks and piñatas for the children are set up in the neighborhood dedicated to the saint . Man preparing Migas "tostas" and Torreznos to which the entire population is invited to.

Fiesta de la Matanza in February.

The production of Cerdo ibérico is celebrated in the Plaza de España .

Carnaval

The days of pre-Lent are celebrated with disguises and exuberant chants.

Semana Santa

In contrast to other parishes in Spain, various processions are held during this time (Procesion de las Velas and others), which take place on the Wednesday before Good Friday . This makes Holy Week one of the most festive in the country and it is artistically designed with great enthusiasm.

Cruz de Mayo (May 3rd)

For the spring festival, the houses are adorned and the intersections are decorated with flower arrangements.

Romería de la Virgen de Luna - Pilgrimage of the Virgen de Luna

The pilgrimage to the Chapel of the Virgin takes place on Whit Monday , 10 km from the village. The patroness then returns to the village. On the occasion of the return a festival is held called Feria Chica (Girls' Fair).

Corpus Christi in June

The procession with the host goes through all the streets and the children who have received their first communion are blessed.

Feria de Villanueva de Córdoba

Unlike the Feria Chica , the Feria takes place in August and has its origins in a cattle fair. The holiday lasts 7 days and offers many attractions.

Festividad de San Miguel (September 29)

The patronage festival (Verbena).

Feria y Día del Jamón Ibérico de Bellota de Los Pedroches

This important fair serves to convey the quality of local products on a national level.

Romería de la Virgen de la Luna

On the second Sunday in October, the image of the Virgin returns to his hermitage, where she remains until Pentecost. On this day, a meal and dance will be held in the hermitage's grounds.

Verbena de San José

Verbena de San Juan

Fiesta de las Modistillas - Festival of the Dressmakers (December 13th)

The local women sew and bring gifts to loved ones.

education

The city has four primary schools and one secondary school. The La Jara public school offers a bachelor's degree . The Colegio «Virgen de Luna» offers bilingual training.

Personalities

Antonio Lara Pozuelo & Blas Lara Pozuelo , brothers and university professors in Switzerland .
Bernardo Moreno de Pedrajas , founder of the first Hospital de Jesús Nazareno and the Cementerio de San Gregorio .
Juan Ocaña Prados , historian from. Born in Móstoles , naturalized in Villanueva de Córdoba.
Juan Ocaña Torrejón , historian, son of JO Prados.
Daniel García Sánchez , poet.
Antonio García Copado , poet.
Tomás Muñoz Romero , local patron.
Juana Castro , poet.
Justo Molinero , businessman in communications.
Francisco Moreno Gómez , writer. Works: La Guerra Civil en Córdoba , 1936–1939; Cordoba en la Guerrilla (lareprión y la Guerrilla, 1939-1950); Historia Y Memoria Del Maquis : El Cordobés Veneno, último Guerrillero De La Mancha Extremenos, Andaluces Y Manchegos En La Resistencia; Morir, matar, sobrevivir : la violencia en la dictadura de Franco; La Resistencia armada contra Franco : tragedia del Maquis y la Guerrilla: el Centro Sur de España: de Madrid al Guadalquivir; 1936: el genocidio franquista en Córdoba .
Jesús Vigorra , journalist for Canal Sur and RTVA .
Manuel Camacho , actor ("Entrelobos").

gastronomy

Jamon ibérico de bellota.

The local cuisine is mainly based on the Jámon serrano . Various dishes are prepared from it, such as:

Caldo serrano
Salmorejo jarote
Sopa de cocido
Carrilladas
Lechón frito

The typical product is also the

Jamón ibérico D.O. Los Pedroches and meat products from cerdo ibérico .

Individual evidence

↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
^ [1] Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
^ Carlos I de España, y Carlos V como Emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico
^ A description from 1520 reads: Escudo cuartelado. En el primer y en el cuarto cuartel, un contracuartelado del cuartelado de gules y un castillo de oro, almenado de tres almenas, con tres homenajes, el de en medio mayor y cada homenaje también con tres almenas, mamposteado de sable y aclarado de azur (por el Reino de Castilla) y de plata y un león de púrpura, coronado de oro, lenguado y armado de lo mismo (por el Reino de León); en el tercero partido, cortado en su diestra de oro y cuatro palos de gules en el jefe (por el Reino de Aragón), en la base de gules y una cadena de oro, puesta en cruz, aspa y orla, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de su color (por Reino de Navarra), y en su siniestra partido, a la diestra de plata y una cruz potentada de oro cantonada de cuatro cruces latinas del mismo metal (por el Reino de Jerusalén), [1] ya la siniestra fajado, ocho, de gules y de plata (por el Reino de Hungría); en el cuarto partido, cortado en su diestra de oro y cuatro palos de gules en el jefe (por Aragón), en la base de gules y una cadena de oro, puesta en cruz, aspa y orla, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de su color (por Navarra), y en su siniestra partido y flanqueado, jefe y puntas de oro y cuatro palos de gules, flancos de plata y un águila de sable, coronada de oro, picada y membrada de gules (por el Reino de Sicilia). En el tercer y cuarto cuartel un cuartelado: en el primer cuartel, de gules y una faja de plata (por Austria); en el segundo cuartel, de azur, sembrado de flores de lis de oro y bordura componada, cantonada de plata y gules (Borgoña Moderna); en el tercero, bandado de oro y de azur con bordura de gules (Borgoña Antigua); en el cuarto, de sable y un león de oro, coronado de lo mismo, lenguado y armado de gules (por Brabante); sobre el todo escusón partido de oro y un león de sable, lenguado y armado de gules (por Flandes), y de plata y un águila de gules, coronada, picada y membrada de oro, cargado el pecho de un creciente trebolado del mismo metal (por Tirol). Entado en punta de plata y una granada al natural, rajada de gules y hojada de dos hojas de sinople (por Granada). Escudo de Carlos I de España. El escudo rodeado con el collar del Toisón de Oro, acola el águila bicéfala del Sacro Imperio Romano-Germánico sobre la Cruz de Borgoña de gules. Acompañado de dos columnas de plata, con la base y capitel de oro, sobre ondas de azur o azul y plata, superada la corona imperial la diestra, y de una corona real la siniestra, ambas de oro, y rodeando las columnas una cinta de gules o rojo, cargada de letras de oro, en la diestra "Plus" y en la siniestra "Ultra", (del Latin Plus Ultra). Timbra la corona imperial, que es un círculo de oro, engastado de piedras preciosas, cerrada con forma de mitra, compuesta de ocho florones de hojas de acanto, visible cinco, interpoladas de perlas y de cuya parte central, abierta, salen tres arcos o diademas decorados con pedrería o perlas, rematada la central en el mundo de azur o azul, con el semimeridiano y el ecuador en oro, sumado de cruz de oro. The corona forrada de gules o rojo.

literature

Mancomunidad de Los Pedroches: Los Pedroches. Mancomunidad de Municipios, Cordoba. Guia Turistica 1998. CO-1,388-1998.

About the coat of arms:

Merchán Rodríguez, Bartolomé (1980). Publicaciones del Ilustrísimo Ayuntamiento de Villanueva de Córdoba, ed. Cosas y Costumbres de mi pueblo. Villanueva de Córdoba.
Ocaña Prados, Juan (1982). Publicaciones del Ilustrísimo Ayuntamiento de Villanueva de Córdoba, ed. Historia de la Villa de Villanueva de Córdoba (2ª edición).
Ocaña Torrejón, Juan (1981). Publicación del Ayuntamiento de Villanueva de Córdoba with the colaboración de la Excma. Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, ed. Villanueva de Córdoba: apuntes históricos. Villanueva de Córdoba.

Web links

Commons : Villanueva de Córdoba - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Villanueva de Córdoba , sitio web oficial del Ayuntamiento.
Villanueva de Córdoba - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía.

[1] Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).

[2] [1] Instituto Nacional de Estadística.

[3] Carlos I de España, y Carlos V como Emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico

[4] A description from 1520 reads: Escudo cuartelado. En el primer y en el cuarto cuartel, un contracuartelado del cuartelado de gules y un castillo de oro, almenado de tres almenas, con tres homenajes, el de en medio mayor y cada homenaje también con tres almenas, mamposteado de sable y aclarado de azur (por el Reino de Castilla) y de plata y un león de púrpura, coronado de oro, lenguado y armado de lo mismo (por el Reino de León); en el tercero partido, cortado en su diestra de oro y cuatro palos de gules en el jefe (por el Reino de Aragón), en la base de gules y una cadena de oro, puesta en cruz, aspa y orla, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de su color (por Reino de Navarra), y en su siniestra partido, a la diestra de plata y una cruz potentada de oro cantonada de cuatro cruces latinas del mismo metal (por el Reino de Jerusalén), [1] ya la siniestra fajado, ocho, de gules y de plata (por el Reino de Hungría); en el cuarto partido, cortado en su diestra de oro y cuatro palos de gules en el jefe (por Aragón), en la base de gules y una cadena de oro, puesta en cruz, aspa y orla, cargada en el centro de una esmeralda de su color (por Navarra), y en su siniestra partido y flanqueado, jefe y puntas de oro y cuatro palos de gules, flancos de plata y un águila de sable, coronada de oro, picada y membrada de gules (por el Reino de Sicilia). En el tercer y cuarto cuartel un cuartelado: en el primer cuartel, de gules y una faja de plata (por Austria); en el segundo cuartel, de azur, sembrado de flores de lis de oro y bordura componada, cantonada de plata y gules (Borgoña Moderna); en el tercero, bandado de oro y de azur con bordura de gules (Borgoña Antigua); en el cuarto, de sable y un león de oro, coronado de lo mismo, lenguado y armado de gules (por Brabante); sobre el todo escusón partido de oro y un león de sable, lenguado y armado de gules (por Flandes), y de plata y un águila de gules, coronada, picada y membrada de oro, cargado el pecho de un creciente trebolado del mismo metal (por Tirol). Entado en punta de plata y una granada al natural, rajada de gules y hojada de dos hojas de sinople (por Granada). Escudo de Carlos I de España. El escudo rodeado con el collar del Toisón de Oro, acola el águila bicéfala del Sacro Imperio Romano-Germánico sobre la Cruz de Borgoña de gules. Acompañado de dos columnas de plata, con la base y capitel de oro, sobre ondas de azur o azul y plata, superada la corona imperial la diestra, y de una corona real la siniestra, ambas de oro, y rodeando las columnas una cinta de gules o rojo, cargada de letras de oro, en la diestra "Plus" y en la siniestra "Ultra", (del Latin Plus Ultra). Timbra la corona imperial, que es un círculo de oro, engastado de piedras preciosas, cerrada con forma de mitra, compuesta de ocho florones de hojas de acanto, visible cinco, interpoladas de perlas y de cuya parte central, abierta, salen tres arcos o diademas decorados con pedrería o perlas, rematada la central en el mundo de azur o azul, con el semimeridiano y el ecuador en oro, sumado de cruz de oro. The corona forrada de gules o rojo.