Pomysk Wielki

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Pomysk Wielki / Wiôldżi Pòmësk
Pomysk Wielki / Wiôldżi Pòmësk does not have a coat of arms
Pomysk Wielki / Wiôldżi Pòmësk (Poland)
Pomysk Wielki / Wiôldżi Pòmësk
Pomysk Wielki / Wiôldżi Pòmësk
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Bytowski
Gmina : Bytów
Geographic location : 54 ° 12 '  N , 17 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 12 '30 "  N , 17 ° 33' 27"  E
Residents : 784 (March 31, 2011)
Postal code : 77-100
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GBY
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Danzig



Pomysk Wielki ( Kashubian Wiôldżi Pòmësk , German Groß Pomeiske ) is a village in the powiat Bytowski ( Bütow district ) in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

Pomysk Wielki is located in eastern Pomerania , in a valley in a hilly landscape, about six kilometers north-northeast of the city of Bytów ( Bütow ) on the border with Pomerania . The Mühlbach flows through the village .

history

Newly erected church building in 1890 with a north-south axis on a hill in the south-east of the village.

In 1310 gave Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg the Monastery Oliva the village villa Pomisko (village Pomisk) and the lake Lupansko (Lupowske). On February 23, 1330 the knight Jesko von Schlawe from the Swenzonen dynasty certified that his feudal husband Srescha had renounced his Pomysko inheritance in favor of the Oliva monastery . On April 18, 1360, Winrich von Kniprode , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order , awarded the Olbrecht von der Wattelaw 30 hooves within the Pomeiske estate. In 1381 Winrich von Kniprode bought the village of Pomeiske from the Oliva monastery, which the monastery had received from Margrave Waldemar in 1310.

Pomysk Wielki is one of the villages in the Lauenburg and Bütow regions where the Kashubian language was strongly represented in the past .

In the 14th century there were two neighboring villages with the name Pomeiske: on the one hand the manor, which was awarded in 1360 by the Teutonic Order on German and Culmic Law, later called Groß Pomeiske, and on the other hand the farming village bought from the Oliva monastery in 1381, which the Teutonic Order then leased under German law, later called Klein Pomeiske. On October 8th, 1424 Grand Master Paul von Rußdorf renews the main hand-held festivities of his estate from 1360 to the district judge Paul Tystyter, who is responsible for the Bütow area.

At the time of the Teutonic Order, every noble estate was obliged to provide a riding horse; In 1438, Hans von Pomoiske is the only one named among the knights in the interest table who has two riding horses. On May 7, 1575 Duke Barnim issued a letter of fief to Brosius and his son Martin and his cousins ​​Hans and David Pomoiske on Groß Pomeiske and Gersdorf. In 1628 Marten, Reinhold and Asmuß were named zu Groß Pomeiske. The owner family Pomeiske was originally called von Hirsch-Pomoyski . Around 1724 the Pomeiske family lived in three different places called Pomeiske in the Bütow region: in Groß Pomeiske, Pomeiske and Klein Pomeiske, and also in Zabinowitz.

Around 1784 there was a farm in Groß Pomeiske, a water mill, a preacher, a sexton, nine farmers, eight farmers, an inn, a blacksmith's shop, a parish assistant, on the field of the village there was the farm Helenenhof on the Pipin lake and two farms , the Vorwerk Südzonken on the Jarmenz lake, the Redlitz colony consisting of three farms, which is located next to the Schulzke colony on the Redlitz lake, and the two farms named Stangooren and Below. At that time, the owner of the village was the royal Prussian lieutenant general and chief of the 9th Dragoon Regiment, Nikolaus Alexander von Pomeiske (1717–1785).

General Pomeiske had two sons, but they did not survive. By will of May 12, 1785, he founded a family entrepre- neurship and placed the obligation on the respective owner of the Groß Pomeiske estate to use the name and coat of arms of the Pomeiske family in addition to his own name. After his death in 1785, which was connected with the extinction of the Pomeiske family , his property fell to the Lettow-Klenzin family . First the captain Nicolaus Heinrich v. Lettow, b. on Gut Klenzin, died August 27, 1794 owner. He was followed by his son Ewald Georg Alexander Friedrich v. Lettow, died on September 21, 1840. His sister Henriette Caroline Barbara Louise v. Lettow, married captain v. Zeromski took possession of the estate. According to the provisions of the Fideikommiss she was allowed on October 13, 1841 to add the name Pomeiske to her family name. When she died on August 8, 1843, two distant relatives made inheritance claims on the Groß Pomeiske estate: Carl August v. Lettow auf Hohenborn and Gustav Friedrich v. Lettow, lieutenant in the 1st Hussar Regiment. Otto Friedrich von Schwerdtner on Ilkendorf near Nossen received the estate on January 26, 1845 . He received the right for himself and his descendants in possession of the property to call himself Schwerdtner-Pomeiske and to use the Pomeiskesche coat of arms in addition to the ancestral family coat of arms.

One of the 109 patrimonial courts of the Lauenburg-Bütow district was located in Groß Pomeiske until the 19th century . In 1831 in Groß Pomeiske the landlord-peasant relationship was regulated or the peasants were liberated , and in 1847 the common division .

Groß Pomeiske is located in a region in which the Kashubian language is represented, but by the middle of the 19th century it had almost completely disappeared in the village, while it was still spoken by a few adults in Klein Pomeiske.

In 1925 there were a total of 93 residential buildings at all residential places, and 779 inhabitants were counted, who were distributed over 162 households. The municipality of Pomeiske was the seat of the district of Pomeiske. The last Fideikommiss owner of the estate until 1945 was a Schwerdtner-Pomeiske.

Before 1945 the community of Groß Pomeiske belonged to the district of Bütow in the administrative district of Köslin in the province of Pomerania . The community area of ​​2,456.1 hectares housed a total of eight residential areas:

  • Forestry house Waldfrieden
  • Big Pomeiske
  • Groß Pomeisker Mühle
  • Helenendorf
  • Helenenhof
  • Small Zechinen
  • Stüdsonken
  • Wilhelminenhof

The main place of residence was the parish village of Groß Pomeiske.

Before the end of World War II , Groß Pomeiske was occupied by the Soviet Army in early March 1945 . Soon afterwards the village was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Western Pomerania . Groß Pomeiske was renamed Pomysk Wielki .

Pomysk Wielki is now part of Gmina Bytów in the Bytowski powiat ( Bütow district ) in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . In 2011 there were 784 inhabitants in Pomysk Wielki.

Surname

In 1178 the place was mentioned as Pomisk . After that the following names were in use: 1310 in Latin villa Pomisko (village of Pomisk), 1330 Pomysko , 1342 Pomosco and Pomischow , 1387 Pomuske , 1438 Pomoyßke , 1638 Duże Pomysko and 1651 Polish Wielki Pomysk .

On December 1, 2009, the place received the additional official Kashubian name Wiôldżi Pòmësk .

Development of the population

  • 1819: 259
  • 1855: 503
  • 1864: 618
  • 1885: 726
  • 1905: 770
  • 1925: 779
  • 1935: 705
  • 2006: 635

church

A large majority of the inhabitants living in Groß Pomeiske before 1945 belonged to the Protestant denomination. In 1925, 716 Protestants (91.9%) and 60 Catholics (7.7%) were among the 779 inhabitants . Groß Pomeiske had its own Protestant pastoral office, which was subordinate to the Synod of Bütow. The villages of Klein Pomeiske, Lupowske and Zukowken were part of the Protestant parish of Groß Pomeiske.

The Catholic parish of Bütow was responsible for the Catholics in Groß Pomeiske.

Building history of the Protestant parish church

The Gutskirche is said to have originally been founded by the Teutonic Order. It is mentioned in a document in 1577. In 1584 the foundation of a bell took place, according to the church chronicle with the inscriptions En ego compananumquam denuncio vana / Laudo Deum verum plebem voco congrego clerum and DGBAP HP MPAP JP 1687 the landowner von Hirsch-Pomeiske had a 15.5 meter by 7.5 meter brick framework Erect the church with a sloping timbered lattice tower. Around 1755 a grave vault was built into the church for the Pomeiske family.

Since 1787 renovations were planned and carried out on the church. After several repairs, the old manor church was closed in 1887 and replaced by a new building in 1890. An originally planned tower was not built. This new church, built of bricks and hewn field stones, with a longitudinal axis oriented north-south, stands on a hill in the south-east of the village. The substructure of the planned north tower with a gable roof, which was completed up to half the ship's height, was no longer raised to a tower.

The church has an organ with nine sounding voices, which was built in 1895 by Grüneberg, Stettin, and which replaced the one in use since 1858 by Hoffmann, Peterkau (West Prussia).

Prehistoric finds

Numerous stone box graves from the Bronze Age have been found in the area around Groß Pomeiske . The grave goods included face urns , several coin urns , handle cups and other accessories made of bronze, iron and amber .

Personalities: sons and daughters of the place

literature

Web links

Commons : Pomysk Wielki  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on June 26, 2017
  2. ↑ a b Max Perlbach : The older chronicle of Oliva. Göttingen 1871, p. 114 .
  3. ↑ a b Adolph Friedrich Riedel (Ed.): Codibus diplomaticus Brandenburgiensis. Volume 1, Berlin 1843, p. 302 .
  4. ^ Johann Ludwig Quandt : The eastern borders of Pomerania. In: Baltic Studies , Volume 15, 1st issue, Stettin 1853, pp. 205–223, especially p. 221 .
  5. ↑ a b Old Prussian Monthly Journal , Volume 40, 1905, p. 278.
  6. ↑ a b Preussenland (published by the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research, Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation ), Volumes 38–40.
  7. ^ Max Toeppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen. Gotha 1858, pp. 72-73 .
  8. ↑ a b Alexander Fjodorowitsch Hilferding : The remains of the Slavs on the south side of the Baltic Sea. In: Journal of Slavic Literature, Art and Science. Volume I, Issue 1, Bautzen 1862, pp. 81-97 , Volume I, Issue 4, Bautzen 1864, pp. 230-239 , and Volume II, Issue 2, Bautzen 1864, pp. 81-111.
  9. ↑ a b Wobeser: Something about the residence of the cassubes. In: Anton Friedrich Büschings Weekly News. Seventh year, Berlin 1779, No. 23, pp. 181–183
  10. ↑ Christian Wilhelm Haken : Something about the Pomeranian Cassuben. In: Anton Friedrich Büschings Weekly News. Seventh year, Berlin 1779, No. 24, pp. 189–193 and No. 25, pp. 197–201 .
  11. ↑ Reinhold Cramer: History of the Lande Lauenburg and Bütow. Volume 1, Königsberg 1858, p. 252 .
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Georg Sokolk: Pomerania - In the mirror of its more than 2000 year history, especially of the Lauenburg-Bütow countries. Edited by Gunter Sölkk and Michael Sölkk. Self-published by Georg Sölkk, Eberbach 1997, pp. 300–303.
  13. ^ Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexicon of the Prussian monarchy. Volume 2, Berlin 1854, p. 216 .
  14. ↑ Jacob Paul von Gundling : Pomeranian Atlas or Geographical Description of the Hertduchy of Pomerania, and the local nobility from the country's documents. Potsdam 1724, Appendix The nobility of the Royal. Prussia. Pomerania , p. 49 .
  15. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania. Part 2, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 1088, No. 13.
  16. ↑ Reinhold Cramer: History of the Lande Lauenburg and Bütow. Volume 1, Königsberg 1858, p. 122 .
  17. ↑ n.v., Statistics of the Bütower District, Bütow 1858. P. 101.
  18. ↑ Chronological register of the Brandenburg-Prussian status increases and acts of grace. Berlin 1874. p. 110.
  19. ^ L. von Zedlitz-Neukirch, New Prussian Adels Lexicon. Second supplement to the first and second edition. Leipzig 1843. p. 65.
  20. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 5, Leipzig 1864, p. 487 .
  21. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner : J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. Volume 2, 3rd edition, Nuremberg 1857, p. 48 .
  22. ^ WC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian states. Volume 3, 1839, pp. 253-254.
  23. ^ A b c Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The community of Groß Pomeiske in the former district of Bütow in Pomerania, 2011.
  24. ↑ a b c d e Website of the Bytów Municipality, Położenie ( Memento of the original from July 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on May 13, 2012  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bytow.com.pl
  25. ↑ a b Uwe Kerntopf: Groß Pomeiske, Bütow district, Pomerania province ( memento of the original from June 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pom-wpru.kerntopf.com archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 1998.
  26. ↑ Komisja Standaryzacji Nazw Geograficznych, Lista gmin wpisanych do Rejestru gmin, na których obszarze używane są nazwy w języku mniejszości , November 17, 2011. PDF file
  27. ↑ Kgl. Ministry of Finance (Hrsg.): Overview of the results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Köslin. 2. District of Bütow. Berlin 1866, p. 2, nos. 44 and 45 .
  28. ↑ Uwe Kerntopf: Evangelical Church Groß Pomeiske, Bütow District, Pomerania Province ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 1998. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pom-wpru.kerntopf.com
  29. ↑ Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The place where Groß Pomeiske lived in the former Bütow district , 2011.
  30. ↑ Reinhold Cramer: History of the Lande Lauenburg and Bütow. Volume I, Königsberg 1858, p. 131, no.10 .