Río Itonomas
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Río Itonomas Itonomas-San Pablo-San Julián / San Miguel |
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 The Río Itonomas, here referred to as "San Miguel", in the catchment area of the Rio Madeira |
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| Data | ||
| location |
 Bolivia
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| River system | Amazon | |
| Drain over | Río Iténez → Río Mamoré → Rio Madeira → Amazon → Atlantic Ocean | |
| Confluence of |
Río Quimome and Río Santa María 17 ° 24 ′ 5 ″ S , 61 ° 15 ′ 8 ″ W |
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| Source height | 253 m | |
| muzzle |
Río Iténez Coordinates: 12 ° 27 '9 " S , 64 ° 22' 42" W 12 ° 27 '9 " S , 64 ° 22' 42" W. |
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| Mouth height | 132 m | |
| Height difference | 121 m | |
| Bottom slope | 0.08 ‰ | |
| length | 1493 km | |
| Left tributaries | Río Machupo, Río San Antonio, Río Los Ventones, Río Tumas | |
| Right tributaries | Río Lopez, Río Negro de Caimanes, Río Momone, Río Quizer, Río Zapocoz Norte, Río Quimome | |
| Communities | Magdalena | |
The Río Itonomas (also: Itonamas ) is a river in the lowlands of the South American landlocked state Bolivia . The name of the river is derived from the Itonama people , who in pre-Hispanic times had their settlement area in the region of today's Magdalena .
The Río Itonomas has a length of 1,493 km. This length specification takes into account that the entire course of the river - as is often the case in Bolivia - has different names from the source to the mouth. The river is called Río San Julian in its upper reaches , Río San Pablo in the middle and Río Itonomas in the lower reaches ; The name San Miguel is also used for parts of the river section.
Río San Julián
The Río San Julián as the upper reaches of the Río Itonomas rises at a height of 253 m in the district ( Bolivian : Municipio ) of San José de Chiquitos in the province of Chiquitos in the department of Santa Cruz . The origin of the river lies at the confluence of the Río Quimome with the Río Santa María and then flows further in a largely northwestern direction as the Río San Julián.
In years and seasons with comparatively high levels of precipitation, the Río Itonomas is also connected via the Río Quimome to the large wetland of the Bañados de Izozog , in which the 500 km long Río Parapetí , whose origins lie in the southern Bolivian Altiplano, drains. If you add the total length of this river system, the Río Parapetí-Río Quimome-Río Itonomas has a total length of more than 2000 kilometers.
In the first 350 kilometers, the Río Itonomas / Río San Julián crosses the savanna region of the Chiquitanía , which has been intensively developed for agriculture west of the river in recent decades, while the mountainous region east of the river is only sparsely populated and hardly developed.
After the first 72 kilometers, the Río San Julián enters the municipality of San Miguel in the province of José Miguel de Velasco , and four kilometers later it enters the municipality of Cuatro Cañadas , and for the next 89 kilometers the river marks the border between these two counties. At kilometer 109, the river reaches Laguna San Joaquín in a chain of three successive lakes , which is four kilometers long and three kilometers wide and is at an altitude of 248 m . Fifteen kilometers further downstream, the Río Tunas flows into the Río San Julián from the left, coming from the southwest .
At kilometer 165 the river leaves the municipality of San Miguel and forms the border between the municipality of San Antonio de Lomerío and the municipality of Concepción in the province of Ñuflo de Chávez for the next 121 kilometers to the mouth of the Río Zopocoz Norte . The river then crosses the Municipio Concepción in a north-westerly direction and after 335 kilometers enters the Municipio San Julián , where the river reaches the first urban settlement with San Ramón at kilometer 407 .
At kilometer 458 the river enters the municipality of El Puente and the province of Guarayos and reaches the city of El Puente after a total of 540 kilometers of river. The Río San Julián crosses the municipality in a north-westerly direction and a few kilometers northwest of the Laguna Socorro reaches the border with the municipality Ascención de Guarayos and after a total of 681 kilometers the town of San Pablo de Guarayos , which gives the river its name over the following 440 kilometers.
Río San Pablo
The Río San Pablo leaves San Pablo de Guarayos in a westerly direction and forms the border between the Municipios El Puente and Ascención for another 14 kilometers before entering the Beni department at kilometer 695 . For the next 292 kilometers, the Río San Pablo marks the border between the departments of Santa Cruz and Beni, with the municipality Ascención in the province of Guarayos on the east side of the river, and the municipality of San Andrés in the province of Marbán on the west. On this way through the plain of the Llanos de Guarayos , the Río San Pablo passes the villages of Santa María de Guarayos (kilometer 747) on the east side of the river and Puente San Pablo (kilometer 892) on the west side.
After a total of 987 kilometers, the river leaves the Santa Cruz department at the confluence of the Río Negro de Caimanes in the Río San Pablo and now crosses the municipality of San Javier in the province of Cercado in a northerly direction. After a further 96 kilometers, the river reaches the municipality of Huacaraje in the province of Iténez , and after another 41 kilometers it finally takes the name Río Itonomas , where the rather insignificant tributary Río San Luis flows from the left .
Río Itonomas (in the strict sense)
The remaining 371 kilometers of its course to the confluence with the Río Iténez , the river in the province of Iténez crosses the Moxos plain ( Spanish : Llanos de Moxos), a more than 100,000 km² flood savannah in the Beni lowlands. The only larger town in this region is the city of Magdalena in the Municipio Magdalena of the same name , 225 kilometers from the mouth of the Itonomas. Important tributaries of the Itonomas are the Río Lopez , which when coming from the east passes the city of Huacaraje and flows seventeen kilometers downstream into the Itonomas; and the Río Machupo , which joins the Río Itonomas twenty kilometers from where it joins the Río Iténez.
The Río Itonomas in its entire length of 1493 kilometers is a river with strong meander formation, both in the upper reaches, in the middle and in the lower reaches it is characterized by an infinite number of river loops and oxbow lakes. This fact can be deduced from the fact that the mouth of the river is only 650 kilometers as the crow flies from its source near the Laguna Concepción and the total gradient over the entire route is only 120 meters.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itonama - A Language of Bolivia ( English )
- ↑ Overview map "Languages of Bolivia" ( English )
Web links
- Pueblos Indígenas de Bolivia - Itonama ( Spanish )