Rautenberg (noble family)

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Rautenberg is the name of three noble families who are believed to be related.

Rautenberg (Hildesheim)

Coat of arms of the von Rautenberg family from Hildesheim Abbey

Rautenberg (High German) or Rutenberg (Low German / Low German) is the name of an old noble family from Hildesheim.

history

Castle hill of Rautenberg Castle in Rautenberg
Rethmar Castle , west wing from the 16th century

As early as 1249, the family in Rautenberg , municipality of Harsum , north of Hildesheim, was documented as vassals of the Counts of Stolberg . The castle Rautenberg , in as Turmhügelburg built, as part of a lost feud against the Bishop of Hildesheim destroyed. The family then moved to the village of Rethmar , a few kilometers further north , where they had built a fortress house first mentioned in a document in 1332 , the core of today 's Rethmar Castle , probably around 1200. Rethmar was not subject to the Hildesheim prince-bishop, but already belonged to the principality of Lüneburg . However , the family took the nearby Bolzum manor from the Hochstift Hildesheim as a fief . In Hildesheim she also owned the Rautenberg'schen Hof on the corner of Michaelisplatz and Langer Hagen, built around 1509 , a high-tier half-timbered building that was destroyed in the air raids on Hildesheim in 1945 . The family also kept their land in Rautenberg. She continued to belong to the influential families of the Hildesheim monastery nobility .

In 1530 Heinrich von Rautenberg traveled to the Reichstag in Augsburg in the entourage of the Archbishop of Mainz, Cardinal Albrecht IV of Brandenburg . From around 1530 to 1575 the Rautenberg rebuilt the castle in Rethmar into a Renaissance castle. In 1608 they sold the Bolzum manor to Statius von Münchhausen .

With Barthold von Rautenberg auf Rethmar, royal Brunswick governor , privy councilor and chief miner , the male line died out on February 11, 1647. He served under Duke Friedrich Ulrich and was involved from 1617 to 1622 in the machinations of the so-called "Regiment of the disloyal Drosten" around Anton von der Streithorst and Arndt von Wopersnow . The councils pursued enrichment, fraud and coin deterioration (see: Kipper and Wipper times ) and, through an intrigue, led to the bankruptcy of the large entrepreneur Statius von Münchhausen , which Rautenberg forcibly cleared from Grohnde Castle . By bribing the councilors Barthold von Rautenberg and Johann Eberhard zu Eltz , the Danish King Christian IV succeeded in taking possession of the Wolfenbüttel fortress in early 1626 .

Barthold von Rautenberg left two daughters, of whom the older, Amalie, Eltz's brother Philipp Samson, married Edler Herr zu Eltz and inherited the Rethmar manor, while the younger, Agnes, married to Gebhard XXV. von Alvensleben , with other properties; one of her sons was the later Hanoverian minister Johann Friedrich II. von Alvensleben (1657–1728), who built the baroque Hundisburg Castle . Since Amalie died young, Agnes also raised her son Friedrich Casimir zu Eltz , who had inherited Rethmar; his son Philipp Adam zu Eltz extended the Rautenberg'sche renaissance castle around 1710 to today's baroque three-wing complex.

Various gravestones with figure reliefs, including the Bartholds, are located in the Katharinenkirche in Rethmar.

With the Teutonic Order , members of the von Rautenberg family came to the Culmer Land , Warmia and Pommerellen early on , and actively participated in the eastern colonization: foundations of identical places Rautenberg and Rutenberg from the Uckermark (today Rutenberg , district of Lychen ) to in the Warmia (here the goods Groß and Klein Rautenberg ) are assigned to them. In 1285 Bartholomeus von Rautenberg is mentioned in a document, furthermore in 1347 Tylo de Rutenberg, 1348 (A. 14th, 15th century) Tylo de Rutenberg, Tilone de Rutenberg, 1357 (Tilo von) Rutenberg. On March 14, 1297 Martin von Rautenberg received a prescription from the Bishop of Warmia Heinrich I. Fleming for 90 hooves. In 1311 Bartholomeus v. R. Canon of Frauenburg . A Johannes Lener (Leonard) de Rathemberg is mentioned as a student in Krakow in 1477 .

coat of arms

In the shield in gold black diamonds in two rows. The number of diamonds varies, so 8 diamonds (5 and 3), 7 diamonds (4 and 3) or 5 diamonds (3 and 2). The crest also varies, in one case a pointed red hat with peacock feathers. Eight black diamonds on a golden background are also found in the coats of arms of the Lower Saxony communities of Rautenberg (Harsum) and Rethmar .

There is a similarity with the coat of arms of the Baltic Orgies-Rutenberg , which shows three black diamonds in gold in the shield and three in the helmet decoration and the coat of arms of the bourgeois family Rautenberg, Haus Wehmingen. However, a genealogical connection is unproven.

Rautenberg-Klinski (pommerelles)

Coat of arms of the von Klinski family

The Klinski family is nicknamed Rautenberg.

In 1526, when the Polish king converted the feudal estates of the nobles in Pomerania into hereditary goods, Leonardo Klynski, the progenitor of the von Rautenberg-Klinski family, whose descendants are consistently recorded in the male line, presented a property privilege in German over the manor Rautenberg , which came from the time of the Teutonic Order.

The Rautenberg estate was not mentioned in a document before 1430. In the years after the lost Battle of Tannenberg, the Teutonic Order was not financially able to reward its mercenaries. In exchange, the Teutonic Order awarded new feudal goods. The Rautenberg family (Hildesheim) founded a large number of new settlements in the course of the eastern colonization and named them after their ancestral estate Rautenberg.

In 1587 Georg von Klinski was referred to in a document as "George Klinski, otherwise called Rautenberg ..".

Furthermore, the von Rautenberg-Klinski family is part of the Rautenberg-Garczinski family , whose descent is recognized by the Rautenberg family (see below the remarks on the Rautenberg-Garczinski family with evidence). (For the usual name or coat of arms changes in the Polish aristocracy, see: Szlachta .)

For these reasons, the origin from the von Rautenberg family (Hildesheim) can be assumed. For more information on the family, see the article Klinski (noble family) .

Rautenberg-Garczynski (Pommerelles)

Coat of arms of the von Garczynski family

The Garczynski family is nicknamed Rautenberg.

The von Rautenberg-Garczynski family originally had a white ram (heraldic family Junosza) as their coat of arms in red. Only later did the family adopt the coat of arms of upside down Sas ( Sas Pruski ). In the source from the end of the 16th century it is assumed that there are two Klinski tribes: One is written Rautenberg with the family coat of arms Widder (Junosza), the other is called Garczynski with the family coat of arms of the upside down Sas.

The von Rautenberg-Klinski family also received a privilege from the time of the order through the Garczyn estate. Ownership of the property passes without any recognizable transition to the bearer of the Garczynski family name, which was previously not proven in this region. It is therefore assumed that the von Rautenberg-Klinski family took on the ancestral property as a new family name.

The origin of the von Rautenberg (Hildesheim) family was recognized by the royal Prussian heraldry in 1894.

The Baltic noble family Orgies-Rutenberg is of a different tribe; there is evidence that the von Orghys / Orgas / Orgies family did not rename themselves to Orgies-Rutenberg until 1598, presumably due to the similarity of their coat of arms with that of the Hildesheim R (a) utenberg.

Personalities

  • Georg Vladislav von Klinski called Rautemberg (1560–1631), member of the Prussian estates, since 1590 tax collector for Pomeranian
  • Michael Klinski von Rautenberg (1625–1653), member of the Prussian estates , king elector
  • Adalbert von Rautenberg-Klinski (1759–1831), Canon in the Diocese of Warmia , Canon zu Culm , prosynodal judge (3rd instance) for Pomeranians
  • Michael von Rautenberg-Klinski (1808–1884), from 1849 to 1855 Deputy for Danzig in the Prussian House of Representatives in Berlin
  • Paul von Rautenberg-Garczynski , world traveler and author

See also

literature

  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Vol. 7, Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1867, "Rautenberg"
  • Gottfried Lengnich: History of the Prussian Lands Royal / Polish Antheil since 1526 [up to 1733] , Vol. 1–9, Danzig 1722 to 1755
  • Jürgen Udolph: Did the Hamelin emigrants move to Moravia? In: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 69 (1997) pp. 125-183
  • Hans H. Götting senior: Family table of the noble family from Rutenberg on Rethmar and the Rutenberg from Wehmingen (Rautenberg 1, 2, 3a and 3b) , Röddensen 2002, private print (38 pages).
  • Emil Freiherr von Orgies-Rutenberg: The von Rutenberg family in their home town of Braunschweig (with a family tree). In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics 1897, Mitau 1898, p. 45 f.
  • Emil Freiherr von Orgies-Rutenberg: The coat of arms of the von Rutenberg and von Orgies called Rutenberg (with a seal plate). In: Yearbook for Genealogy, Heraldry and Sphragistics 1897, Mitau 1898, p. 47 ff.
  • Emil Freiherr von Orgies-Rutenberg: The story of the von Rutenberg and von Orgies, called Rutenberg . Printed as a manuscript, Dobern 1899 (356 pages).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Files of the Herold's Office, now in the Prussian Secret State Archives in Berlin, "Garczinski" file
  2. ↑ On the regiment of the disloyal Drosten : Wilhelm Havemann : History of the Lande Braunschweig and Lüneburg. Volume 2, Göttingen 1855, p. 582ff.
  3. ↑ Jürgen Udolph: Did the Hamelin emigrants move to Moravia ?, in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 69 (1997) 125-183
  4. ↑ Krollmann, C. "The Origin of German Settlers in Prussia" in "Journal of the West Prussian History Association" issue 54, Danzig 1912, p. 76 f.
  5. ↑ Jürgen Udolph: Did the Hamelin emigrants move to Moravia ?, in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 69 (1997) 125-183
  6. ↑ Carl Peter Woelky, Johann Martin Saage (ed.), Codex Diplomaticus Warmiensis, or, Regesta and documents for the history of Warmia, vol. 1, p. 170, no. 98
  7. ^ Johann Siebmacher , Wappenbuch, 1605, plate 182 ("Braunschweigische" / "v. Ruttenberg"). See also von Orgies-Rutenberg, Ref. 1898.
  8. ^ Carl Arvid von Klingspor , Baltic Wappenbuch , Stockholm 1882; with drawings by Adolf Matthias Hildebrandt , digitized version , VII, pp. 84, 88, appendix: "The Knights of Livonia, Estonia, Burland and Oesel", p. 80, image 3
  9. ↑ http://www.familie-greve.de/wappeneintrag/?file=display&wid=102175
  10. ^ Lothar Weber, Prussia 500 Years Ago, Danzig 1878, pp. 411/412; Karl Kasiske, The German Siedelwerk des Mittelaltes in Pommerellen, individual publication of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research, Königsberg 1938, p. 121; Gottfried Lengnich, History of the Prussian Lands Royal / Polish Antheils since 1526 ", Vol. 1 -9, Danzig 1722-1755, in Vol. I Documenta p. 136; Matricularum Regni Poloniae summaria, Th.Wierzbowski ed., Warsaw 1905 -1919, Vol. II, No. 532, Vol. IV, No. 4985, 4992 and 13349; M. Perlbach, The Book of the Dead of the Premonstratensian Monastery in Zuckau near Danzig, Danzig 1906, pp. 58, 99 and 141
  11. ^ Lothar Weber, Prussia 500 Years Ago, Danzig 1878, pp. 411/412; Karl Kasiske, The German Siedelwerk des Mittelalter in Pommerellen, individual publication of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research, Königsberg 1938, p. 121
  12. ↑ Jürgen Udolph: Did the Hamelin emigrants move to Moravia ?, in: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 69 (1997) 125-183
  13. ^ Lengnich, History of the Prussian Lands, Volume 3, p. 9
  14. ↑ Dachnowski, Jan Karol "Herbarz Szlachty Prus Krolewskich z XVII Wieku." [The crests of the nobility in the Royal Prussia in the 17th century], Poznań 1632-1641, p 491 f
  15. ↑ Files of the Prussian Herald's Office, now in the Prussian Secret State Archives in Berlin, "Garczynski" file (1894)
  16. ↑ so also G. Kratz, L. Quandt, von Mülverstedt , Wilhelm Stettin, history of the sex v. Kleist, Part 2, General History, 2nd Edition Bergisch Gladbach 2007 , pp. 92, 201; Otto v. Bismarck in his speech "About the national aspirations of Poland" during the discussion of the draft constitution on March 18, 1867, in: Otto Lyon (Ed.), Bismarcks Reden und Briefe, 1895, p. 109
  17. ↑ Dachnowski, Jan Karol "Herbarz Szlachty Prus Krolewskich z XVII Wieku." [The crests of the nobility in the Royal Prussia in the 17th century], Poznań 1632-1641, p 196 f
  18. ↑ Dachnowski, Jan Karol "Herbarz Szlachty Prus Krolewskich z XVII Wieku." [The crests of the nobility in the Royal Prussia in the 17th century], Poznań 1632-1641, p 491 f
  19. ^ Genealogy Klinski ;
  20. ↑ Files of the Prussian Heroldsamt, now in the Prussian Secret State Archives in Berlin, "Garczynski" file (1894); Handbook of the Nobility, Series B, 1938, S, 157
  21. ^ Prussian Provincial Papers, Volume 1, Königsberg 1829, p. 164
  22. ↑ Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State for 1800, Berlin 1800, p. 276
  23. ↑ In the holdings of the Cultural Studies Departmental Library of the Göttingen State and University Library, L-DK 46.