Rescue cage

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Decorated rescue cage at the consecration of a new turntable ladder

As rescue cage nowadays refers mostly of metal designed baskets as part of the equipment of emergency vehicles . Rescue baskets are in rescue organizations such as the fire department , mine rescue , cave rescue , height rescue or mountain rescue used.

Use by the fire department

Nicholas Collin designed a construction with a rescue cage in 1799

The history of the rescue cage goes back at least to the late 18th century : Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe described it “should be common in Paris ”, a carrying cage on “good ropes” from the windows to the left and right of the burning building in front of the window of those to be saved. However, this assumes that there are sufficiently high neighboring buildings. Several English, German and French therefore designed transportable rescue machines to rescue people from the upper floors of burning houses. They may have been inspired by goods loading machines such as cranes or cranes . For example, described in Philadelphia living Swedish pastor Nicholas Collin (1746-1831) in 1799, a structure made of beams , levers and ropes , where a rescue cage for four people hung (see picture). A 1808 by the Hamburg Society for the promotion of the arts and useful commercial announced competition yielded seven publication worthy designs, presented, among others, Johann Christian Hellbach a

" Rescue cage , of willow braided, and out with asbestos or other screen (with an Brey from clay and alum - or salt or potashes be coated -Water must) shod, the one to be mounted here of the burning building with the help of [... ] The device is pulled on and off on a rope. "

However, because of the personnel required and the difficult-to-install device, "an urgent rescue [...] is out of the question". In 1837 Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe mentioned a large number of such “fire rescue machines”, consisting of extension ladders , stackable frames or

“A kind of crane, with a long beak, which allowed horizontal and vertical movement and could be moved to any point in a house, with pulleys and ropes, from which rescue cages were attached, etc. One of the best of these is the one made by Hochstetter in Frankfurt a few twenty years ago Main invented, where, by means of a diagonally toothed device on both sides and two locking hooks falling in, one ladder can be pushed up on the other with the help of a winch, and then a safe rescue box can be pulled up again for those in need to get on. "

These machines could not prevail, and in the standard work Das Feuerlöschwesen in all its parts by Conrad Dietrich Magirus , published in 1877, they are not mentioned, but instead various portable and mobile ladders or the “unsurpassable” rescue hose .

Extended turntable ladders with cages

The rescue cage experienced a renaissance for modern fire fighting equipment in the 1960s with the introduction of aerial rescue vehicles such as the telescopic mast (first in 1958 in Chicago). Compared to the pure turntable ladder, this had advantages in rescuing handicapped or fearful people - but the disadvantage that continuous human rescue is not possible. In the mid-1960s, rescue baskets were presented as a link between the advantages, which can be hung on the top ladder element (turntable ladder with basket, abbreviated as DLK) - the first experiments on this had already been carried out at Metz in the 1930s.

The rescue cages are used as a work platform , to rescue people , to fight fires, to secure emergency services from climbing , to assemble lighting equipment and reversible pipes . The basket can be removed to increase the load capacity of the ladder. Modern turntable ladder cages have a load capacity of up to 500 kg and are “force-controlled”: The control system ensures that the cage floor always remains horizontal. A stretcher can be attached to the basket to transport the injured . Compared to the fire rescue machines designed around 1800, the rescue cage can be used very quickly. According to DIN EN 14043, the set-up time , i.e. supporting the vehicle and rotating and extending the ladder park to the maximum rescue height , may be a maximum of 140 seconds for a 30-meter-long turntable ladder with a telescopic or folding basket; in fact, it is around a minute . If the basket has to be attached, 180 seconds are allowed. For telescopic masts, the maximum set-up time depends on the height; at 30 meters it is 150 seconds in accordance with DIN EN 1777 . The baskets have contributed to the fact that turntable ladders are used as versatile tools for a wide variety of tasks.

Rescuing people at sea, from the air and underground

Johnson's "Klippenkrahn", Illustrirte Zeitung 1843

Rescue cages are also used for rescue from distress at sea. In 1843 the Royal Society of Arts awarded two cranes from Johnson and Harrison with which people could be rescued from cliffs . A Johnson crane was used by the Royal Humane Society to rescue people in 1843. Long points were pushed into the ground to secure the oblong flat wagon on the cliff, and the woven basket lowered into the water to meet the castaways. As a result of the sinking of the Reliance in November 1842 and the Conquerer off the French coast in January 1843 , for example, demands were made in the Illustrirten Zeitung for better equipment for sea ​​rescue in Germany, including the "cliff crane" by J. Johnson, which was tried and tested in England was referred.

Today special baskets are carried on ships for man-over-board maneuvers , which are lowered into the water with a crane and due to floating bodies are only partially submerged so that they can be easily climbed. Similar baskets are used in the event of a shipwreck on the cable winch of SAR helicopters .

In the mountains, rescue baskets on helicopters are used for air rescue in the event of mountain accidents , and cable cars also have special basket-shaped rescue vehicles for evacuating the gondolas.

In accordance with the rules of the employers' liability insurance association , rescue cages must be available for rescuing injured persons from ship holds or other difficult-to-access areas using a crane or other lifting equipment. In underground pit accidents, a rescue cage like the Dahlbusch bomb is lowered on a winch.

  • Getting into a basket in the water

  • Rescue cage with floats on a helicopter

  • Recovery basket on a cable car

  • Dahlbusch bomb for evacuation underground

Web links

Commons : Rescue baskets  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Nicholas Collin : Description of a Machine for Saving Persons from the Upper Stories of a House on Fire . In: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society . Volume 4, pp. 143-148., Philadelphia, 1799, doi : 10.2307 / 1005088 . Reprinted in: The Repertory of Arts and Manufactures . Volume 15, G. & T. Wilkie, 1801, pp. 35ff . Quoted from: Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe : General rescue book. Or instructions to prevent many life dangers to which people on land and water are exposed and to save them from the inevitable . Verlag der Helwingschen Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover and Pyrmont 1805. pp. 66–68 .
  2. ^ Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe : General rescue book. Or instructions to prevent many life dangers to which people on land and water are exposed and to save them from the inevitable . Verlag der Helwingschen Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover and Pyrmont 1805. pp. 55–56 .
  3. ^ Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe : General rescue book. Or instructions to prevent many life dangers to which people on land and water are exposed and to save them from the inevitable . Verlag der Helwingschen Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover and Pyrmont 1805. pp. 61–66 .
  4. ^ Whitfield J. Bell (Ed.): Nicholas Collin's Appeal to American Scientists . In: The William and Mary Quarterly 13 (4), October 1956, pp. 519-550, doi : 10.2307 / 1917022 . For Nicholas Collin see also literature by and about Nicholas Collin in the bibliographic database WorldCat .
  5. ↑ a b Johann Heinrich Kunze, Chr. Fr. Creutzer, Johann Friedrich Karl Starck, GD Stille, Ernst Friedrich Ebeling, Peter Breiß, Johann Christian Hellbach : Aids to rescue people from burning buildings. Seven award papers awarded by the Hamburg Society for the Promotion of the Arts and Useful Trades . Edited by Johann Christian Hellbach. Becker, Gotha 1810, OCLC 1106940217 . Discussed in and cited from: Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung , Num. 65, March 6, 1811, pp. 513-516 .
  6. ^ Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe : History of all inventions and discoveries in the field of trade, arts and sciences from the earliest times to our days . Hoffmann'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1837, p. 414 .
  7. ↑ Hans Georg Prager : Florian 14th eighth alarm: The big book of the fire brigade . S. 67.Bertelsmann , Gütersloh 1965, DNB 453831818 .
  8. ↑ Conrad Dietrich Magirus : The fire extinguishing system in all its parts , 1877, pp. 133-169 : Die Stieg-Geräthe .
  9. ↑ Conrad Dietrich Magirus : The fire extinguishing system in all its parts , 1877, p. 178 .
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Hornung-Arnegg: Fire Department History: Fire Protection and Extinguishing Device Technology from Antiquity to the Present . Kohlhammer, 1995, ISBN 3-1701-3203-2 . Quoted from Ulrich Cimolino, Thomas Zawadke: Emergency vehicles for fire and rescue services . Ecomed-Storck, 2006, ISBN 3-6096-8667-7 , p. 227 : the first articulated mast in Germany was put into service in 1965 by the Stuttgart fire brigade, but there are various information in the sources, but Hornung was “for his meticulous research known ”.
  11. ^ Fire engine . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved October 22, 2019.
  12. ↑ Ulrich Cimolino, Thomas Zawadke: Emergency vehicles for fire and rescue services . Ecomed-Storck, 2006, ISBN 3-6096-8667-7 , pp. 203-206 .
  13. ↑ Hans Kemper: Vehicle knowledge: types and designs of standardized fire fighting vehicles . Ecomed-Storck, 2010, p. 34, ISBN 978-3-6096-2014-5 .
  14. ^ Jan Ole Unger, Nils Beneke, Klaus Thrien: Aerial rescue vehicles: training and use . Kohlhammer, 2019, p. 15, ISBN 978-3-1703-5840-9 .
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Werft: Basics of the use of turntable ladders. Fire brigade expertise, fire protection manual . Ecomed-Storck, 2010, p. 81, ISBN 978-3-6096-2323-8 .
  16. ^ Jan Ole Unger, Nils Beneke, Klaus Thrien: Aerial rescue vehicles: training and use . Kohlhammer, 2019, section "Lighting Devices", ISBN 978-3-1703-5840-9 .
  17. ^ Jan Ole Unger, Nils Beneke, Klaus Thrien: Aerial rescue vehicles: training and use . Kohlhammer, 2019, section "Reversible pipe / water cannon", ISBN 978-3-1703-5840-9 .
  18. ↑ Wolfgang Werft: Basics of the use of turntable ladders. Fire brigade expertise, fire protection manual . Ecomed-Storck, 2010, pp. 20-24, ISBN 978-3-6096-2323-8 .
  19. ^ Jan Ole Unger, Nils Beneke, Klaus Thrien: Aerial rescue vehicles: training and use . Kohlhammer, 2019, section »Rescue cage«, ISBN 978-3-1703-5840-9 .
  20. ↑ Marc-Michael Ventzke, Helmut Balkie, Gregor Kemming: Rescue from highs and lows - standard fire brigade techniques . In: Emergency Medicine up2date, Volume 13, No. 1, 2018, pp. 79-90, doi : 10.1055 / a-0588-7655 .
  21. ^ Jan Ole Unger, Nils Beneke, Klaus Thrien: Aerial rescue vehicles: training and use . Kohlhammer, 2019, section »Setup time«, ISBN 978-3-1703-5840-9 .
  22. ^ Günther Pinkenburg, Thomas Zawadke: Procurement of emergency vehicles for the fire brigade . Walhalla Fachverlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-8029-4870-1 , p. 97 .
  23. ↑ DIN EN 14043: 2014-04: Aerial rescue vehicles for the fire brigade - Turntable ladders with combined movements (automatic turntable ladders) - Safety and performance requirements and test methods, doi : 10.31030 / 2012476 ; DIN EN 1777: 2010-06: Aerial rescue vehicles for fire and rescue services, aerial work platforms (HABn) - Safety requirements and testing, doi : 10.31030 / 1554814 .
  24. ↑ Tanja Muth et al .: Performance of rescue equipment of the fire brigade when rescuing people from upper floors of structures . In: Fire protection research of the federal states: Reports , ISSN  0170-0060 , Karlsruhe, December 2016, p. 14.
  25. ↑ Ulrich Cimolino, Thomas Zawadke: Emergency vehicles for fire and rescue services . Ecomed-Storck, 2006, ISBN 3-6096-8667-7 , pp. 219-220 .
  26. ↑ a b c The latest inventions for rescuing shipwrecked people . In: Illustrirte Zeitung , No. 10 of September 2, 1843, JJ Weber, Leipzig, p. 152 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10498693-2 .
  27. ^ Society of Arts . In: The Literary Gazette: A Weekly Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts . H. Colburn, 1843, p. 734 .
  28. ^ Fatal Accident . In: The Cambrian , December 2, 1843, p. 4.
  29. ↑ Alexander Theodor Nahl: Meteorological and natural history chronicle of the year 1843 . Leske, 1843, p. 29 f ..
  30. ↑ Announcement of the circular of the MSC Ship Safety Committee of the IMO MSC.1 / Circular 1182 / Rev.1: "Guide to techniques for rescuing people" . Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency , Hamburg, October 9, 2015, Ref .: 11-3-0.
  31. ↑ Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation , Dutch Safety Board: Investigation Report 370/14. Very serious marine casualty. Sinking of the swimming grab ZANDER and drowning of two sailors on November 24, 2014 in the North Sea north of Norderney . July 1, 2016. P. 11, 18. epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de (PDF).
  32. ^ Aiut Alpin Dolomites »History» The military helicopters . Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  33. ↑ New Zugspitz cable car out of service for an indefinite period. Spiegel Online, September 13, 2018.
  34. ↑ Katharina Anna Rudolph: Applications and approaches to realizing urban aerial cableway projects in public transport . Series of publications by the Institute for Transport Management and Logistics - Traffic, August 2009, Vienna University of Economics and Business.
  35. ↑ BGR 159 : Pull-up access equipment . Main association of commercial trade associations, specialist committee "Construction" of the BGZ.
  36. ^ Employer's liability insurance association for the construction industry : Occupational health and safety for all trades , 2017.
  37. ^ Frank Herbstreit: Emergencies underground . In: Emergency Medicine up2date , Volume 5, No. 2, 2010, pp. 169-183, doi : 10.1055 / s-0030-1249964 .
  38. ↑ Andreas Hachmann: New construction of a mobile rescue winch for mine rescue . In: Steel construction . Volume 74, No. 6, June 2005, pp. 470-473, doi : 10.1002 / stab.200590095 .