San Vicente (Roda de Isábena)
The Catholic parish church of San Vicente , also San Vicente y San Valero , in Roda de Isábena , a place in the province of Huesca in the autonomous Spanish region of Aragon , is a former cathedral that was built at the beginning of the 11th century. The church's special sights include the sarcophagus of St. Raimund von Roda (1067–1126), wall paintings from around 1200 and medieval inscriptions in the cloister . In 1924 the church was declared a monument ( Bien de Interés Cultural ). With 40 inhabitants, Roda de Isábena is the smallest town in Spain that can boast a cathedral.
history
Roda de Isábena became a bishopric as early as the 10th century. In 957 the first cathedral was consecrated to the martyr Vincent of Valencia († around 304) and St. Valerius († 315), who was Bishop of Saragossa from 290 to 315 . This church was largely destroyed in the incursions of Abd-al-Malik, the son of Almansor , into the Ribagorza between 1003 and 1006. At the beginning of the 11th century, the cathedral was rebuilt under Sancho el Mayor and was consecrated around 1030. Canon regulars , who lived according to the Rule of St. Augustine , took care of the cathedral. After the Christian reconquest of Barbastro in 1101, the Bishop San Poncio moved his seat there. Due to intrigues by the Bishop of Huesca and disputes with the local nobility, Raimund von Roda, bishop from 1104 to 1126, was expelled from Barbastro and sought refuge in Roda in 1116. The successors of Bishop Raimund also resided in Roda de Isábena and called themselves Bishops of Barbastro-Roda . When Lleida was recaptured from Moorish rule in 1149 , the bishopric was moved there and Roda Cathedral became a co- cathedral . In 1573 Roda came to the re-established diocese of Barbastro, which was renamed the Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón in 1995 .
architecture
Exterior construction
The octagonal bell tower rises on the south side of the church. It was built at the end of the 18th century on foundations from the early 11th century, which are traced back to Lombard builders. The substructure of the tower consists of ashlar, the structure of brick . Both parts are separated from each other by a wide cornice . The corner pilasters are provided with volute capitals . The basement is divided into arched niche fields, the upper floor is broken through on all eight sides by arched sound arcades .
The outer walls of the apses are built from roughly hewn ashlars and decorated with pilaster strips and blind arcades . Under the roof approach a tooth extends fries .
The step portal is considered a work of the 13th century. The sculptures of the capitals are reminiscent of the reliefs on the sarcophagus of St. Raimund and take up the same themes. On the left side are the Annunciation , the Visitation of the Virgin Mary , the birth of Christ , the adoration of the Magi , the flight into Egypt and on the right side the presentation of Jesus in the temple , the Archangel Michael with the balance of the soul , a bishop with two deacons , the beheading of a martyr, the battle of the Archangel Michael with the dragon. The wooden doors in the Mudejar style have retained their original iron fittings. The vestibule was added in 1724 in the Renaissance style.
inner space
The church is a three-aisled basilica , the interior of which is structured by mighty pillars . The main nave is covered with a pointed barrel, the side aisles have groined vaults . In the east the nave opens into three semicircular closed apses , which are at different heights above the level of the nave. The northern apse was converted into a sacristy in the 16th century . The axis chapel is two meters higher than the nave and is dedicated to St. Vincent. There are three crypts under the apses .
Crypts
The middle crypt was laid out in 1125 to hold the remains of St. Raymond of Roda and is the largest of the three crypts. It has three ships with three yokes on a rectangular plan and concludes with a semicircular apse. The entrance is formed by a triple arcade that was built in 1650. The southern crypt has blind arcades on its south and north walls, including a horseshoe arch .
In the northern crypt, wall and ceiling paintings from around 1200 have been preserved. On the dome of the apse Christ is depicted as Pantocrator , with a book in his left hand and surrounded by symbols of the evangelists . The paintings on the walls have signs of the zodiac and pictures of the month on the subject. The baptism of Jesus and the Archangel Michael, who weighs souls, are depicted on the barrel vault . In the room, which was also used as an archive and treasury, there are still five clay jugs that were used to store the oil that the farmers had to deliver as tithe . In the middle of the crypt is the reliquary of St. Valerius of Saragossa, whose remains are said to have been transferred to Roda around 1050. According to legend, Saint Vincent of Valencia served the aged Bishop Valerius of Saragossa as a deacon. Both saints are the patron saints of the Church. They are usually worshiped together.
Choir stalls and organ
In the west of the nave are the walnut choir stalls from 1722 and the organ , which was installed in 1653.
Furnishing
- The sarcophagus of St. Raimund von Roda, dated around 1170, is placed in the central crypt. It is provided with reliefs depicting the scenes of the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity and the Adoration of the Magi on the obverse. On the pages the flight into Egypt and Raimund von Roda as bishop, surrounded by two deacons, are shown.
- Only fragments of the so-called chair of St. Raimund, a folding chair from the 9th century, have survived since it was stolen in 1979.
visitation
Birth of Christ
Adoration of the Magi
Chapel of San Augustin
In the chapel of San Augustín, which adjoins the chapter hall to the east and the three apses to the north, remains of herringbone masonry are still preserved. It is concluded that it goes back to the chapel of the no longer preserved castle of Roda and was built before the construction of the first cathedral in the 10th century. Fragments of frescoes dated to the 12th century and depicting busts of saints under arched arcades have been preserved on the walls .
Cloister
The rectangular cloister was built between 1136 and 1143 under Bishop Gaufrido. The chapter house is located in the eastern gallery . In the north wing was the refectory , which is now a restaurant.
The arched arcades rest on slender columns that are decorated with artfully carved capitals . In addition to geometric and floral motifs, there are also sculptures of animals such as a dog, a hare and a horse. A cornice with a chessboard frieze runs over the arcades under the roof . Inscriptions commemorating deceased canons are carved on the cover plates of the capitals, the vaulted stones and stone slabs built into the walls. They go back to the time from the middle of the 12th to the 15th century. In the middle of the cloister there is a collecting basin for rainwater ( Aljibe ).
Inscriptions
Inscriptions
Inscriptions
Inscriptions
See also
literature
- Jaime Cobreros: Las Rutas del Románico en España . Volume 2, Madrid 2004, ISBN 84-9776-112-X , pp. 212-214.
- Cayetano Enríquez de Salamanca : Rutas del románico en la provincia de Huesca . Enríquez de Salamanca Editor, 2nd edition, Madrid 1993, ISBN 84-398-9582-8 , pp. 123-130.
- José María Leminyana: Roda de Isábena y la Puebla de Roda . Zaragoza 1996, pp. 7-18.
Web links
- Catedral de San Vicente Mártir SIPCA / Sistema de Información del Patrimonio Cultural Aragonés (Spanish, accessed June 9, 2020)
- Catedral de Roda de Isábena www.romanicoaragones.com (Spanish text)
- Catedral de Roda de Isábena www.jdiezarnal.com (Spanish text)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Catedral de San Vicente Mártir SIPCA / Sistema de Información del Patrimonio Cultural Aragonés (Spanish, accessed June 9, 2020)
- ^ Roda de Isábena Ayuntamiento de Isábena
- ↑ Historia de la diócesis . Diócesis de Barbastro-Monzón (Spanish, accessed June 9, 2020)
Coordinates: 42 ° 17 ′ 28.5 ″ N , 0 ° 31 ′ 42.7 ″ E