Saulburg Castle

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Saulburg Castle

The Saulburg Castle (also Sulperge , Suleberch or Saulperch called) is located in the municipality Wiesenfelden in the Lower Bavarian district of Straubing-Bogen (Bayerwaldstraße 18). The name is derived from the Old High German or Middle High German sul = "pillar", Sulperge or Suleberch = " pillar mountain ".

history

For the first time a Heinrich de Sulperge is mentioned in the tradition code (started before 1150 and ended before 1191) from Windberg Monastery . From the 12th to the 14th century the Saulbergers are attested as lords of Saulburg. On December 29, 1353, the Saulberg family died out with Alhart II . From 1332 to 1482 the dukes of Bavaria were lords of Saulburg. With a drawing of lots on June 29, 1429, which took place on the basis of the Pressburg arbitration award of April 26, 1429, the Saulburg fortress came to Duke Wilhelm III. only a few remains of Bavaria have survived. 1508–1520 are Heinrich, Christoph and Ludwig, the Westendorfer zu Saulburg, then Bernhard

In 1482 Albrecht IV sold the Saulburg Hofmark to Hans Westendorfer (Wessendorfer), ducal councilor and Mautner zu Straubing . In 1484 Hans Westendorfer had the upper floor of the castle decorated with wall paintings, including Westendorfer and Barbara. Georg Ettlinger married the widowed Barbara in 1555 and so the Hofmark came to the Ettlingers. These were lords of Saulburg until 1638. After the death of his wife Barbara, Jörg Ettlinger married Sibilla Kastner in 1566, the widow of Gabriel Kastner, lord of the court of Hainsbach and Haindling. Jörg Ettlinger and his wife Sibilla built a new residential building in 1569 on the west side of the old castle with two corner cores in the Renaissance style . The system has largely been preserved to this day. A marble plaque above the entrance gate reminds of the extension “ Jörg Ettlinger zum Haimhoff and Degernau Auff Saulburg and Sibilla A Born von Preckhendorff zum Hochenperg and Sigenstain his housewife. Built anno Dni 1569 ”. Jörg Ettlinger died in 1589 and was buried in the Angerkapelle. Since Jörg Ettlinger's two marriages had remained childless, there was an inheritance dispute between the widow Sibilla Ettlinger and her cousin Andreas Ettlinger between 1590 and 1594. In 1609 Andreas Ettlinger died deeply in debt and the Hofmark Saulburg came to the Gant in 1610 . 1610–1614 the Hofmark was sold to the diocese of Regensburg . After further disputes between heirs and creditors, Hans Christoph von Ettling (1615–1638) received the Hofmark through a court decision of the government in Straubing. He paid off debts with a loan from the Straubing City Chamber.

From 1638 to 1642 the town of Straubing was in the possession of the Hofmark Saulburg as a pawn before it was auctioned by Pankraz von Pürching (1647 or 1658). Since this and his wife Maria Martha died childless in 1664, Saulburg fell to his cousin Gottfried Adolf von Auer, electoral treasurer and prince-bishop Freisingischer nurse of Werdenfels, imperial baron before Winkl and Röhrnbach († 1708). In 1749, Franz Viktor Karl von Auer († 1749), electoral chamberlain, and his wife Maria Theresia Genoveva, born von Weichs auf Falkenstein († 1762), lived here.

The property remained with the Auers until around 1750. Then Josef Albert Matern von Septfontaines († 1760), Major General of Bavaria and commander in the forest area, bought Hofmark Saulburg. In 1780 Franz Josef von Magerl, imperial baron on Wegleiten, Hag and Wiesenfelden, became the owner of the Hofmark († 1796) by marrying his youngest daughter, Maria Adelheid von Matern. In his will, Josef von Magerl presented his five children with various goods, his eldest son Albert von Magerl, Kurpfalzbayerischer Kürassierleutnant, bequeathed the Saulburg castle and estate. In 1834 Albert von Magerl sold his property.

In 1834 Ludwig von Krapp, Domain Director of Thurn und Taxis, bought Saulburg Castle and Gut. A 2nd class patrimonial court had been set up under him and was dissolved in 1848. In 1838 he "smashed" the castle property. The brewery was leased to the miller Josef Widmann von Aufroth and the baker von Kirchroth , and the forest was bought by Prince von Thurn und Taxis . Baron von Krapp himself moved to Neurandsberg . In 1838 Josef Widmann, leaseholder of the brewery, bought the castle estate and brewery, which meant that the castle was passed into civil ownership. From 1885 to 1945 his son Josef Widmann was the owner. In 1936 the brewery was shut down. Thereafter, the indebted property was transferred to the Bayerische Siedlungsbank, from which the son of the same name, Josef Widmann, who had returned from World War II, bought back the property, which had been reduced by 60 days.

In 1967 Wolfgang von Schmieder acquired part of the palace complex from Josef Widmann, and in October 1982 the remaining part. In 1982 the palace complex was bought by Wolfgang Graf von Strachwitz . The new owner renovated the entire palace complex.

Saulburg Castle after an engraving by Michael Wening from 1721

Saulburg Castle then and now

The complex, which was built on a rock protruding to the east, dates back to the 12th century and is a conglomerate of buildings from the 12th to the 18th century. The castle is located above the western source stream of the Kößnach . It is an irregular four-wing system. A kennel can still be seen on the north-east and south sides. The entrance to the castle is on the west side, the building inscription from 1569 can be seen on the arched portal. The portal leads directly into the new residential building. This is three-story under a high hipped roof , with flat, rectangular oriels on the west corners and the south corner of the third floor. The Gothic residential building has a Renaissance arcade (around 1560). The castle passage leads to a small castle courtyard and from there to the inner castle courtyard, the elongated south-east wing of which contains the late Gothic old residential building.

From the new residential building to the sacristy of the palace chapel, there is a side wing with outer walls in multiple broken lines. Between the former old residential building and the choir of the rococo chapel is a connecting wing as part of the ring . The functional buildings of the farmyard (18th century) are west of the former neck ditch .

The new Catholic palace chapel St. Aegidius is a rococo building with a Tuscan pilaster structure by the master builder Johann Michael Fischer and was commissioned by the court lord Joseph Albert von Matern in 1754. The retracted choir has a rectangular yoke and a semicircular end. The windows have a moderately moved outline and close with a curved arch. A small roof turret crowns the chapel. The two epitaphs of the donor couple Joseph Albert Matern von Septfontaine, Mr. zu Saulburg, Churbayr. Major General of the Cavalry and Commander of the Forest Districts, and his wife Johanna Theodora von Matern de Septfontaine to and on Saulburg, b. Countess. of Leiblfing on Rhain and Laberweinting , located in the choir of the chapel.

literature

  • Wolfgang Freundorfer: Straubing. District court, Rentkastenamt and city. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Old Bavaria. Issue 32). Commission for Bavarian History, Michael Lassleben Verlag, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-7696-9879-7 , pp. 237–245.

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 59 ′ 29.6 ″  N , 12 ° 33 ′ 11.7 ″  E