Sticky ragwort

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Sticky ragwort
Sticky ragwort (Senecio viscosus)

Sticky ragwort ( Senecio viscosus )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Senecioneae
Genre : Field herbs ( Senecio )
Type : Sticky ragwort
Scientific name
Senecio viscosus
L.

The Sticky Groundsel ( Senecio viscosus ), also Adhesives Greiskraut or sticky ragweed called, is a plant from the genus Senecio ( Senecio ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). Its natural home is in the temperate zones of Eurasia , and it is a neophyte in some areas of the world .

description

The stem is densely hairy glandular.
Glandular hairy, pinnate leaf leaves
Glandular hairy cup shell of a budding flower cup
Flower head: the outer bracts stick out loosely, the tongues of the ray florets are more or less rolled up.
Infructescence and pappus
Flower heads with yellow ray-florets and tubular flowers
Infructescence in detail and pappus
The fruits are almost bare.
Illustration from Johann Georg Sturm: Germany's flora in illustrations , 1796

Appearance and leaf

The sticky ragwort is a noticeably unpleasant smelling, deciduous, annual herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 20 to 40 (10 to 60) centimeters. A tap root is formed. Except for the flowers and fruits, the above-ground parts of the plant are covered with short, sticky glandular hairs. The only stem per specimen is branched.

The alternate leaves arranged on the stem are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is obovate to oblong with a length of 2 to 7 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 4 centimeters. It has a tapering to more or less truncated base and is deeply pinnate to cleft. The leaf lobes are narrow, lanceolate, wavy or serrated. The uppermost leaves are smaller, sessile and more or less encompassing the stem.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from (June) July to September. In composite, irregular, loose, umbrella-clustered total inflorescences, there are usually three to eight (1 to 30) cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The cup shell (involucre) is cylindrical-bell-shaped at a height of 9 to 11 millimeters and a diameter of 5 to 6 millimeters. The few, usually only two to three, rarely up to five, outer bracts protrude loosely, sometimes pressed down to the basket handle, and are (the largest is about 4 mm long) almost half as long as the inner bracts. The approximately 13 to 21 bracts are 5 to 7 millimeters long and blackish at the tip.

The flower heads contain yellow, fertile ray and tubular flowers . The approximately 13 yellow ray florets are short and their 1 to 2 millimeter long tongue is only spread out before fertilization and in sunshine and is usually thrown back or rolled back early so that they are easily overlooked.

fruit

The achenes are smooth and mostly bald. The pure white pappus is three times as long as the fruit at fruit time.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 10; there is tetraploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 40.

ecology

The sticky ragwort is a therophyte .

The flowers are spread out in sunny weather, otherwise the ray-florets are curved back. Pollinators are bees .

Creeping insects are thought to be held back by the sticky stalk. The achenes spread over their pappus as umbrella fliers, but they can also spread as a watery species. A 75 cm high plant produced around 260,000 individual fruits in 426 cups.

Occurrence

Sticky ragwort is originally found in Western Asia , the Caucasus , and Eastern , Central and Southeastern Europe . It is considered an indigenous plant in the Baltic States, Armenia , Georgia , the Caucasus , Spain , France , Belgium , the Netherlands , Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Italy , Poland , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Slovenia , Hungary , Serbia , Croatia , Montenegro , Bulgaria , Albania , Romania , Macedonia , Greece and Turkey . Sticky groundwort is found as a neophyte in Scandinavia , oceanic North America , in East Asia and on the British Isles .

The sticky ragwort is probably native to the sandy heaths and inland dunes of the Atlantic, sub-Mediterranean and cool-temperate climates, from where it spread synanthropically along roads and railway embankments. Far away from settlements it occurs in silicate stone rubble societies of the Galeopsion segetum association, and then secondarily in societies of the Sisymbrion or Epilobion angustifolii associations. In the Alps, sticky ragwort rises to altitudes of 2275 meters and in the Caucasus up to 2500 meters. It occurs frequently in Central Europe, but is absent in the western lowlands, in the Alpine foothills and in the Eastern Alps in smaller areas; it often occurs at its locations in smaller populations with a large number of individuals. In Austria it is common in all federal states.

Sticky ragwort needs stony or sandy-gritty subsoil, which is often poor in lime, but does not have to be. It colonizes railroad tracks, roadsides, rock rubble or building rubble and also often goes to forest areas. It is weakly calcareous. It thrives in the colline to montane altitudes . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at the southern foot of the Grünten in Bavaria up to 1120 m above sea level.

It is a potentially invasive plant , especially as it can be spread through seeds of useful plants.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Senecio viscosus was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, page 868. A synonym for Senecio viscosus is Senecio calvertii Boiss.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Hermann Wagner: Illustrierte Deutsche Flora, A description of the flowering plants and vascular cryptogams indigenous to Germany and Switzerland. Edited and enlarged by Dr. August Garcke. 2nd Edition. Julius Hoffmann (K. Thienemann's Verlag), Stuttgart 1882, data sheet with the description and links to pictures.
  • Theodore M. Barkley: Senecio. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 20: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2 (Astereae, Senecioneae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530564-7 , Senecio viscosus , p. 562 (English, online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Sticky ragwort. In: FloraWeb.de. Last accessed on November 22, 2013
  2. ↑ a b Senecio viscosus In: Info Flora - The national data and information center for Swiss flora . Last accessed on November 22, 2013
  3. ↑ a b c d e f data sheet at Botanik im Bild - Flora von Österreich , April 24, 2008. Last viewed on November 22, 2013
  4. ^ A b c d Hermann Wagner: Illustrierte Deutsche Flora, A description of the flowering plants and vascular cryptogams indigenous to Germany and Switzerland. Edited and enlarged by Dr. August Garcke, 2nd edition. Julius Hoffmann (K. Thienemann's Verlag), Stuttgart 1882, data sheet with the description and links to pictures. ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.flogaus-faust.de
  5. ↑ a b c d e Theodore M. Barkley: Senecio. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 20: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2 (Astereae, Senecioneae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530564-7 , Senecio viscosus , p. 562 (English, online ).
  6. ↑ a b c d Senecio viscosus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  7. ^ A b Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). Senecio viscosus . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin from 2006. Retrieved November 22, 2013
  8. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  956-957 .
  9. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 627.
  10. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  11. ↑ Senecio viscosus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 22, 2013.
  12. ↑ Data sheet at Global Compositae Checklist . Retrieved November 22, 2013

Web links

Commons : Sticky Ragwort ( Senecio viscosus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files