Sergei Nikolayevich Prokopovich

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Sergei Nikolayevich Prokopovich

Sergei Nikolayevich Prokopovich ( Russian Сергей Николаевич Прокопович ; born July 15 . Jul / 27. July  1871 greg. In Tsarskoye Selo , † 4. April 1955 in Geneva ) was a Russian economist , university lecturer and politician .

Life

Prokopowitsch came from a Mogiljower noble family . His father was an officer and then major general in the Imperial Russian Army . His mother owned an estate and took part in the Narodniki movement. Prokopovich attended the Alexander Realschule in Smolensk and began studying at the St. Petersburg Agricultural Academy in 1889 , which excluded him from studying in 1890 because of his involvement in student unrest. In 1894 in Nizhny Novgorod he met the activist Yekaterina Dmitrijewna Kuskowa , whom he married in 1895. Together they went to Brussels and studied at the Université libre de Bruxelles . They joined the Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad. When Prokopovich's revisionist books on the criticism of Karl Marx and on the labor movement in the West appeared, he and Kuskowa were excluded from the Union of Russian Social Democrats abroad. He represented economism , rejected the revolutionary path and advocated social evolution. In 1898 he became a Freemason .

In 1899 Prokopovich returned to Russia with his wife . He became the chairman of the economics section of the Imperial Free Economic Society in Saint Petersburg , the chairman of the section on insurance of workers at the Moscow branch of the Imperial Technical Society, the chairman of various cooperative associations and an employee of the Chuprov society for the development of social sciences .

Prokopowitsch and Kuskowa took part in the establishment of the illegal liberal Union of Liberation, which was decided in 1903 at a meeting with around 20 participants in Schaffhausen . At the meeting in January 1904, Kuskowa and Prokopowitsch were elected to the executive council. In the autumn of 1904, in view of the failure of the Russo-Japanese War , the Union of Liberation initiated a campaign with Zemstvo petitions and petitions from other social organizations to the Tsar , calling for a constitution and a parliament . In November 1904, Kuskowa, Prokopowitsch and Vasily Jakowlewitsch Bogucharski-Jakowlew met with Georgi Apollonowitsch Gapon, the leader of the legal gathering of Russian factory workers in St. Petersburg, and agreed on mutual assistance. This led to the Russian Revolution in 1905 , after the St. Petersburg Bloody Sunday , Prokopovich was arrested, but soon released. In 1905 he was a member of the provisional Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party ( Kadetten ) , from which he left after a short time. When the Union of Liberation dissolved, the non-partisan group Without Address was formed , to which Prokopowitsch, Kuskowa, Bogucharski-Jakowlew, Wassili Wassiljewitsch Wodowsow , Viktor Weniaminowitsch Portugalow , Aron Solomonowitsch Lande , Ljubow Jakowlewna Gurewitsch and others belonged. From the beginning of 1906 Kuskowa and Prokopowitsch published the magazine of this group, in which the right-wing parties were criticized for their cooperation with the government and the left-wing parties for their intolerance, their sectarianism and their extremism. After the stolypin reaction, the journal was banned and the group disbanded.

In addition to political activities, Prokopovich worked scientifically. The focus was on statistics , political economy and industrial production in Russia . He examined questions of agricultural policy and the situation of workers. In 1906, the Imperial Free Economic Society to Saint Petersburg published his work on the calculation of national income for 50 provinces of European Russia in 1900. The continuing calculations for the years to 1913, appeared together in 1918. In 1913 he was supported by the University of Bern to Dr. phil. PhD. From 1908 he taught at the Municipal Moscow Schanjawski - People's University . He was an expert on agricultural issues for the Group of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia in the Third State Duma .

Prokopowitsch was a member of the Grand Lodge Grand Orient of the Peoples of Russia , founded in 1912 , where the political goals were in the foreground. He founded the Masonic Lodge Prokopowitsch in Moscow .

During the First World War , Prokopovich worked in the Armaments Committee of Moscow Oblast . After the February Revolution of 1917 Prokopovich was a member of the Council of All-Russian Cooperative Congresses of the Executive Committee of Public Organizations, Chairman of the Main Economic Committee and Vice-Chairman of the Economic Council of the Provisional Government . He was then Minister for Trade and Industry in the 3rd Cabinet of the Provisional Government and Minister for Food in the 4th and final Cabinet. He was in favor of state control of corporations, against control by workers, for guaranteed property, and for fixed prices on most consumer goods.

On the day of the October Revolution , Prokopovich was arrested by the Bolsheviks , taken to the Smolny Institute and released the same day. Together with members of the Petrograd City Duma, he organized a demonstration march in support of the Provisional Government to the Winter Palace , which the sailors did not allow . He joined the Homeland Rescue and Revolutionary Committee and became chairman of the now illegal Provisional Government. He was arrested for his anti-Bolshevik activities, sent to the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet in Kronstadt , and soon released.

Prokopovich now resumed his teaching activity. He became dean of the Law Faculty of the 1st Moscow University (MGU) in 1918 and was appointed professor in 1919. He headed the cooperative institute.

In July 1921 Prokopovich, Kuskova and founded in Moscow Nikolai Mikhailovich Kishkin to alleviate the famine , the All-Russian Committee for Famine Relief (WK Pomgol, WKPG) after them so using Maxim Gorky had been approved. Vladimir Galaktionowitsch Korolenko became honorary chairman , and Fyodor Alexandrovich Golovin , Nikolai Nikolayevich Kutler and others joined. The committee was initially used as an instrument to seize churches and money from wealthier groups and foreign funds . Based on rumors in August 1921 of anti-Soviet speeches in the WKPG, Lenin ordered Stalin to disband the WKPG and arrest the leaders. In September 1921 Prokopowitsch, Kuskowa and Kischkin were exiled to Vologda by decision of the Cheka . When Prokopovich and Kuskowa returned to Moscow the following year, they were exiled abroad in June 1922.

In 1922 Prokopowitsch and Kuskowa settled in Berlin . Together with Grigory Alexejewitsch Martjuschin, Prokopowitsch founded a publishing house for cooperative literature at the end of 1922, which existed until 1928. Prokopovich published various business magazines.

In 1924 Prokopovich and Kuskowa went to Prague . With the support of the government of Czechoslovakia , Prokopowitsch formed a group of emigrated experts, including Peter Struve , Alexander Alexandrowitsch Tschuprov , Alexander Alexandrowitsch Kiesewetter and Nikolai Sergejewitsch Timaschew , who, under his leadership, collected, systematized and data on the economic and socio-political situation in the USSR evaluate. He analyzed the reasons for the failure of war communism and the specifics of the transition to the New Economic Policy (NEP) . He calculated the national income of Czechoslovakia. In addition to Russian-language business publications, he edited the Quarterly Bulletins of Soviet Russian Economics in Geneva.

When the German Wehrmacht threatened the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Munich Agreement in 1938 , Prokopowitsch and Kuskowa moved to Geneva. With the support of the Carnegie Foundation , Prokopovich created a two-volume work on the economics of the USSR, which was published in New York in 1952 . He analyzed the effects of collectivization and industrialization in the USSR. His monograph on the prospects for the world economy remained unfinished.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Большая российская энциклопедия: ПРОКОПО́ВИЧ Сергей Николаевич (accessed October 19, 2019).
  2. ↑ 135 лет со дня рождения Сергея Николаевича Прокоповича . In: Демоскоп Weekly . No. 231 , January 23, 2006 ( [1] [accessed October 19, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g АРХИВ АЛЕКСАНДРА Н. ЯКОВЛЕВА: Прокопович Сергей Николаевич (accessed October 19, 2019).
  4. ↑ a b c d e Алехин Ю.В .: Сергей Николаевич Прокопович . In: Мир Науки и Культуры . June 10, 2002 ( [2] [accessed October 19, 2019]).
  5. ↑ a b c MGU: Прокопович Сергей Николаевич (accessed October 19, 2019).
  6. ↑ В. П. Волков: Либеральная идея в жизни и деятельности В. И. Вернадского (accessed October 16, 2019).
  7. ↑ Р. Пайпс: Струве. Биография. Том 1. Струве: левый либерал. 1870-1905 . Moscow 2001.
  8. ↑ А. Е. Карелин: Девятое января и Гапон. Воспоминания . In: Красная летопись . No. 1 , 1922 ( [3] [accessed October 18, 2019]).
  9. ↑ Социал-демократическая фракция 3-й Государственной Думы глазами полиции. Записка Петербургского охранного отделения. 1910 г . In: Исторический архив . No. 1 , 2003, p. 136-150 .
  10. ↑ Серков А. И .: Русское масонство. 1731-2000 . Moscow 2001, p. 622-623 .
  11. ↑ Noteworthy members of the Grand Orient of France in Russia and the Supreme Council of the Grand Orient of Russia's People (accessed October 18, 2019).
  12. ↑ В.Г. Макаров, BC Христофоров: К ИСТОРИИ ВСЕРОССИЙСКОГО КОМИТЕТА ПОМОЩИ ГОЛОДАЮЩИМ . In: Nowaja i Noveischaja Istorija . No. 3 , 2006 ( [4] [accessed October 17, 2019]).
  13. ↑ Протокол допроса Е.Д. Кусковой, произведенный ВЧК от September 6, 1921 (accessed October 18, 2019).
  14. ↑ Chronicle of Russian Life in Germany 1918–1941 . Akademie-Verlag , Berlin 1999, p. 597 .
  15. ↑ Чаянов, А. В .: Крестьянское хозяйство: Избранные труды . Экономика, Moscow 1889.
personal data
SURNAME Prokopowitsch, Sergei Nikolajewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Прокопович, Сергей Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian economist, politician and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Tsarskoye Selo
DATE OF DEATH April 4th 1955
Place of death Geneva