Spree city Charlottenburg

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Mercedes-Benz branch on Salzufer

The Spreestadt Charlottenburg with the KPM-Quartier is a newly created district for services , commerce and living on the traditional industrial and commercial site between the Spree and the Landwehr Canal in the Berlin district of Charlottenburg in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district . Together with the KPM quarter, it covers an area of ​​25  hectares , the development of which was decided in 1999 in the inner city plan . The district regards the project as one of the greatest urban development challenges.

location

The Spreestadt is bounded in the north by the Spreebogen , in the east by the border with the Mitte district , in the south by the Straße des 17. Juni and the Landwehr Canal. The area is accessed through Franklinstrasse , Salzufer , Gutenbergstrasse and their extension, Wegelystrasse . Margarete-Kühn-Strasse , Otto-Dibelius-Strasse , Hannah-Karminski-Strasse and Englische Strasse go off Gutenbergstrasse .

history

Pottery factory in the corner of Sophienstrasse and Berliner Strasse, today: north side of Strasse des 17. Juni
Overview of the location of the Spreestadt around 1882
Damage to buildings in the area of ​​the Spreestadt Charlottenburg, 1945

The industrial quarter between the Landwehr Canal, which opened in 1850, and the Spreebogen has a long tradition that goes back to the 18th century. Well developed by the new waterway and the Spree that swung out to the north, the area attracted numerous companies. Along the Spree between Berlin and Charlottenburg, businesses and bleaching plants were already settling in the early 18th century. A fulling mill for a white tannery was built on the edge of the zoo on the east side of the Schafgraben in 1743, and a dyeing and cotton printing plant for the Wulff company on the west side. In 1763 a hat and stocking factory was added at short notice. The area around the Spree loops east of Charlottenburg was marked by the first industrial development in 1830. Around 1850, the year the Landwehr Canal was completed, ten larger companies already existed there, around five of which are in the chemical industry . In 1846, Ernst March founded the March'sche pottery factory on the Tiergartenfeld in Charlottenburg. The factory site with the manufacturing buildings and the residential building was on land south of the Landwehr Canal, which is now used as the northern campus of the Technical University . From 1847 to 1867, the royal salt store was located at the confluence of the Landwehr Canal with the Spree, which today is only reminiscent of the street name (Salzufer).

As early as 1834, the JCG Freund machine factory settled in the area west of what is now Franklinstrasse. In 1838 Freud, who had made improvements to the design of steam engines, expanded the company to include his own boiler forge and iron foundry. In 1868 the Königliche Porzellanmanufaktur settled in Wegelystraße , which was also supported by the location on the Spree, which also enabled the transport of raw materials and finished products by ship.

But the most important role was played by Siemens , which acquired parts of the Freud company premises in 1883 and expanded rapidly there. In 1902 a building was erected there for the E. Zwietusch apparatus factory , which Siemens incorporated from 1914 and finally taken over in 1927 and continued to exist as Siemens-Zwietusch .

The areas of Moabit and Charlottenburg Nordost experienced a sustainable and in some cases still formative development around 1875 as part of the first marginal migration of Berlin's industry . Well-known Berlin companies such as Siemens, AEG , Borsig , Loewe and Schering built their plants in these areas, with the main focus being in Moabit . At this time the Königlich Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg was founded (1879), which in 1884 moved into the newly constructed building on what was then Berliner Straße , today's Straße des 17. Juni , which was a crystallization core for the settling industry.

During the Second World War , the area suffered considerable destruction. Of the various Siemens AG plants, only the former incandescent lamp factory in Gotzkowskystraße survived the Allied air raids largely unscathed. Of the formerly closed residential development on Englische Strasse and Gutenbergstrasse, only one house remained, number 29.

From 1945 the Technical University shaped the development in the area south of the Landwehr Canal and expanded with several institutes and facilities north of the Landwehr Canal, some of which were abandoned. Siemens AG parted with all of its properties, most recently also from the Salzufer branch, where other businesses and leisure facilities have settled. In 1969 Osram AG relocated production to Siemensstadt . The incandescent lamp factory in Gotzkowskystraße became the first large industrial estate of the Gewerbesiedlungs-Gesellschaft (GSG).

KPM premises

KPM site on Wegelystraße
1950s buildings on Wegelystraße
TU Institute for Ceramics, demolished in 2015

A separate manufacturing building was built in 1817 on the east side of the Schafgraben, a part of the site of a former bleaching plant, for the "health crockery" (simple ceramic without lead glaze) which has been produced since 1795. From 1852 on, insulating bells were also manufactured there for the newly invented telegraphy. After the Royal Health Crockery Manufactory in Leipziger Strasse had to close in 1866 , KPM was relocated to its current location by 1873. Due to its location at the mouth of the Schafgraben in the Spree, the new location could now also be reached by ship through a small port for the transport of raw materials and finished products. Some new buildings were built on the property that has now been expanded to the west. According to plans by Gustav Möller , an almost square work yard was built with the four central production buildings, including the existing structures: slurry shop, molding shop / turning shop, furnace house and capsule turning shop / glaze / painting. Three buildings have been preserved from this central complex. In the decades that followed, the manufacturing site was continuously expanded, converted and expanded.

In addition to workers 'houses from 1819, so-called "civil servants' houses" were built there. The construction of a new round kiln and a sales and exhibition building 1913–1916 were the last new buildings for the time being for KPM, which was renamed State Porcelain Manufactory Berlin in the 1920s .

Around 80 percent of the KPM site was destroyed by air raids on the night of November 22nd to 23rd, 1943 . Thereupon the part of the production classified as war important was relocated to Selb in Upper Franconia, where production started in 1944. As early as 1946/1947, KPM was producing again at the old location and in 1949 became the property of the city of Berlin by ordinance of the British military government. The new construction of the facility began in 1954 according to plans by Bruno Grimmek , the Schafgraben with its harbor was filled in and workshops, laboratories and administration buildings in the characteristic reinforced concrete skeleton construction were built on the 50,000 m² site. In the late 1960s, the site on the Spree was abandoned and the TU Institute for Non-Metallic Materials was created , which was demolished again in 2015.

In 1998 the state-owned industrial settlement company (GSG) took over the construction of the production facility and undertook to repair the historic buildings leased to KPM. Between 1998 and 2003, the entire KPM district at Berlin's Tiergarten was reconstructed by the architects von Gerkan, Marg and Partner from the point of view of monument preservation . The buildings from the 1950s were partially demolished, Wegelystraße, which was previously only an access road to the company premises, was expanded and extended to Englische Straße. The historical production facilities were restored and modernized from 2002 and a new sales pavilion was built on Herbert-Lewin-Platz. The entire complex is a listed building monument.

The old five-story factory building on Salzufer 13/14 was demolished in 1973. The company property that is no longer required was developed by Bavaria Projektentwicklungsgesellschaft for use by the health associations and the construction of the hotel complex. In the 1970s, the TU Institute for “Non-Metallic Materials”, also known as the “Institute for Materials Science and Technology”, was built on the property at Englische Straße 20. The striking orange tiled building had to be built for the construction of “No. 1 Charlottenburg “give way. There are 272 apartments in the luxury segment in two high-rise buildings on the banks of the Spree and thirteen traditional townhouses.

Siemens premises

Salzufer 6
Franklinstrasse 27, former Siemens material administration

The company Siemens & Halske set up a production facility for alcohol measuring devices on Salzufer 2 as early as 1872. In 1883, the entire high-voltage branch was relocated to the newly created location Salzufer 11 on the west side of Franklinstrasse. The factory building of the E. Zwietusch apparatus factory was built on the Salzufer 6–8 property in 1902. Here they manufactured telephones and accessories, equipment for remote offices, conveyor systems and capacitors, and later radio equipment. In 1914, Siemens and Halske were incorporated into Zwietusch and finally taken over in 1927. At that time, the focus of Siemens production was in Charlottenburg, the construction of Siemensstadt and the relocation of the factories were not completed until 1929. Nevertheless, the Zwietusch factory was built on the property from 1925 to 1926 by Siemens architect Hans Hertlein . After the end of the Second World War, Siemens largely withdrew from the other buildings on the Salzufer. At Salzufer 7, the Zwietusch building became the Siemens branch in Berlin, which was rebuilt in 1975/1976. Here were u. a. the Siemens information center for household appliances, Siemens-Elektrogeräte GmbH, Robert Bosch Hausgeräte GmbH, the Smart Center Berlin and the Daimler Chrysler sales organization. Siemens sold the building in 1998 as part of the current reorganization to Tercon Immobilien Projektentwicklungs GmbH, which is now used as the “Salzufer 6” office ensemble.

Most of the Siemens factories were located west of Franklinstrasse. In 1834 the boilermaker's and iron foundry of the Freund company settled on both sides of what would later become Franklinstrasse. However, the rapid development and expansion of Siemens AG resulted in the takeover of parts of Freund's factory, so that the building and headquarters of the company, despite their importance for the development of the area, can only be reconstructed from historical plans today. Dynamo and lead cables as well as electric motors and alternating current meters were produced here. Before the First World War, more than 3,000 people worked in the Siemens works in Charlottenburg. At Franklinstrasse 27, the materials management building, which was built between 1896 and 1898, and a building for the J. C. G. Freund machine factory have been preserved.

Mercedes-Benz site

Mercedes world on the Salzufer
Smart Center Berlin

The industrial settlement of the riverside meadows north of the Salzufer on the current site of the Mercedes site began around 1853 with the Jacobs oil factory . Around 1860, the Barheine marble goods factory followed on the property to the east (currently: Beiersdorf AG ) . The Hohne lime distillery followed around 1880 and, finally, Siemens & Halske in 1890 with a factory for lighting coals and an apparatus factory. At that time, apartment houses were being built on Englische Strasse. On August 12, 1915, Benz & Cie bought the developed property Salzufer 2, 2a and 3 from Siemens & Halske and the Siemens & Co brothers in order to carry out repairs on army trucks . The property was generously expanded and furnished in a modern way and opened as the location of the factory in Berlin. In 1916, the property was expanded by purchasing the block Gutenbergstrasse 9-11 to the north. Several automobile companies emerged in the area, on the neighboring property at Salzufer 4, Kühlstein Wagenbau and number 5, Dixi-Automobil -verkauf-Gesellschaft (BMW). The Schebern car body works and the Cyklon automobile works were also located on the property in 1925 .

In 1927 the property became the main branch of the new Daimler-Benz AG. In 1930 NSU Kandelhardt Automobile took over parts of the surrounding premises, and in 1937 BMW took over a site north of Gutenbergstrasse. In 1940 the NSU site was taken over by Daimler-Benz, and in the 1970s by BMW too.

After severe war damage , the Red Army occupied the area at Salzufer, where work was resumed on May 14, 1945, just one week after the end of the war. When Charlottenburg and Spandau were occupied by the British in mid-July 1945 , the Daimler operations for major repair works No. 1 and 2 were placed under British control.

After the end of the Berlin blockade , the company premises could be rebuilt and automobiles could be sold in a small showroom. In the period that followed, the company was built up, expanded and modernized step by step. At the end of the 1960s, extensive extensions began, which extended in several stages until 1986.

After the fall of the wall , the branch had to be completely redesigned. In 1998 the foundation stone was laid for the new service and sales center on Salzufer, which was officially opened on July 28, 2000 as the "Mercedes World". It was the first new building on the historic Spreestadt site and assumed a pilot role for the new development. The 22 m high building was built according to the plans of the Stuttgart architects Lamm, Weber, Donath and Partners. With its curved roof, the building is reminiscent of a ship's bow. After 18 years, Mercedes-Benz plans to invest around 50 million euros in expanding the Mercedes world and in the workshop area. On the northern part of the site previously used as a parking lot, 66 new assembly spaces with lifting platforms are to be created on 34,000 m², and 750 parking spaces on the floor above.

The “Smart Center Berlin” was built in 2004 on the adjacent property, Englische Strasse 30, based on a design by the Berlin architects Hemprich & Tophof. The showroom for the small car Smart is on the first two floors . It is the largest sales location for Smart in Germany.

Beiersdorf

Beiersdorf administration building at Franklinstrasse 1
Charlottenburg Salzufer 9/10

As early as 1833, Ernst Eduard Heyl founded a chemical factory that settled on what was then the "Thiergartenfeld". This resulted in the company Gebrüder Heyl & Co, which produced all kinds of paints and developed into an important company in the field of artist paints. The company's predecessor was the materials store founded by Jacob Friedrich Heyl in 1734, from which the paint factory and chemical wholesaler J. F. Heyl & Cie. originated. The company existed until about 1927 and then operated as "Heyl-Beringer Farbenfabrik AG". At the same time, Chr. A. Beringer appears as the property owner. From 1936, Kali Chemie is listed in the Berlin address book as the property owner and company headquarters. In the 1962/1963 telephone directory, Kali-Chemie AG was last entered in the Berlin telephone directory for the Salzufer 8 property. After that, the company only had a sales office on Mommsenstrasse.

The Heinrich Hertz Institute , which opened in 1930, was built on the corner property at Franklinstrasse 1, which also includes the adjacent properties at Salzufer 9 and 10, which were undeveloped until the end of the 1930s . In 1936 the name "Heinrich-Hertz" had to be given up due to the National Socialist repression and a number of employees had to leave the institute. The new name in the Berlin address book was: "Institute for Vibration Research at the Technical University of Berlin". The buildings were destroyed by air raids during the war and the land was cleared.

From 1957 the company "Alfred Heyn, Parfüm und Kosmetik Großhandlung" is registered on the property at Franklinstrasse 1, which had the administration building on Franklinstrasse and the production building on Salzufer built here in 1956 in order to produce cosmetics. Alfred Heyn was represented here until 1980.

In 1981 the cosmetics company Guhl Kosmetik GmbH took over the property and produced hair care products. After the collaboration with Beiersdorf AG ended , the latter took over the property. Beiersdorf Manufacturing Berlin GmbH (BMB) has been producing cosmetics there since the 1980s.

Maschinenfabrik JCG Freund

Franklinstrasse 28

After the mechanic Julius Conrad Freund had received permission from the Potsdam government on January 13, 1838 to build a factory on his property between the Spree and Weidengraben, the " Berliner Aktiengesellschaft für Eisengießerei und Maschinenfabrikation " was established here in 1871 . The factories were on both sides of Franklinstrasse, the extension of Marchstrasse and Marchbrücke, which were built on Freund's initiative. Part of the property (Franklinstrasse 28/29) was taken over by Siemens.

The corner building at Salzufer housed parts of the UdK for a long time and from 1982 to 2012 also housed the IT department of the TU. A car dealership has been housed here since 2018. The factory building from 1870 in Franklinstrasse 9-10 is a listed building monument. It is located on a plot of land that is now part of the Gebauer Höfe as courtyard 1.

Bleaching and machine works Fr. Gebauer

Gebauer-Höfe - north side of the Spree

Friedrich Gebauer's machine factory emerged from the “chemical calico bleaching” of his father-in-law G. H. Bretsch, who was originally located near Spandau and moved to Charlottenburg in 1835. After taking over the business in 1862, he expanded the dyeing, bleaching and finishing plant and founded a machine factory for the construction of machines for the chemical treatment of textiles. Most of the buildings are located on the northern bank of the Spree on the property at Franklinstrasse 10–15a. At the height of the company's development in 1910, another five-storey administration and production building had to be built. For reasons of space, the representative building was built on the opposite side of the street (Franklinstrasse 22), where the Porsche Center Berlin is located today. After the factory was closed, the buildings listed as monuments were extensively renovated from 1990 onwards and marketed as Gebauer Höfe . The factory area of ​​around 20,000 m², which belongs to the Gewerbesiedlungs-Gesellschaft , is now used in a variety of ways as a location for retailers and the service industry.

Health associations

The investors Bavaria, Jachimovicz und Partner and Hippon developed the area with the KPM quarter between Wegelystraße and Englischer Straße in the center, as a result of which the KPM's no longer required business premises were rededicated. A realization competition took place for this in 1999, but no first prize was awarded. Several health associations have been established around Herbert-Lewin-Platz since 2004 and form the most important center of the German health care associations there. These are the German Hospital Association , the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians , the German Medical Association with the Drug Commission of the German Medical Association and the Federal Joint Committee (January 2010).

GBA-KBV-BAEK.jpg
Building of the Federal Joint Committee (left), the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (center) and the German Medical Association (right) on Herbert-Lewin- Platz in Berlin-Charlottenburg.

The central institute for statutory health care in Germany is also located at Salzufer 8.

Motor vehicle trade

Salzufer 8: Infiniti
Franklinstrasse: Weller Group
Franklinstrasse: VW

Since the 2000s, the district around Salzufer and Franklinstrasse has developed into a center of the automotive industry.

  • The Daimler-Benz AG , which is based here since 1915, has set the opened in 2000 Mercedes-world standards. Daimler-Benz maintains a parking space on Gutenbergstrasse for the return of leased vehicles.
  • Next door, Smart , which belongs to Daimler AG, built the “Smart Center Berlin” in 2004.
  • Salzufer 8's premium brand, has Nissan , Infiniti , 2009, the "Infiniti Center Berlin" opened.
  • Also at Salzufer 8, the Dinnebier car dealership has set up a branch for the Maserati company .
  • At the Gutenbergstraße 15, the Marschner GmbH & Co KG Autohandels has a representation for the Volkswagen AG owned Bentley Motors built.
  • Alpha Amouring has a sales office at the same address. Alpha Armouring is a company from Hochbrück near Munich that manufactures armored luxury cars.
  • The Weller Group has its headquarters in Berlin at Franklinstrasse 5/6 . The Weller Group is one of the largest car dealers in Europe. He sells the brands Toyota, Lexus, BMW, Mini, VW, Audi and Skoda. In 2009 Weller closed its Berlin branches, including the large car dealership at Franklinstrasse 6. The sculpture in front of the house is a symbol of the Weller company. It symbolizes the striving for higher things and is given as a small figure as a prize in connection with the street children project.
  • The Dekra vehicle inspection center was located at Franklinstrasse 5 until 2017 . Until the 1990s, this was the seat of TÜV Berlin, which also held driving license tests and was one of the largest test centers in West Berlin .
  • Franklinstrasse 5 is the headquarters of Volkswagen Automobile Berlin. On September 21, 2009, the traditional company VW-Winter moved from Halensee to Franklinstrasse 5 in the former Toyota car dealership of the Weller Group, which was converted for VW.
  • In 2004, Audi opened its Berlin representative office at Franklinstrasse 24 after a construction period of 13 months at the location where Coca-Cola operated a large bottling plant from the 1950s to 1993 . It is the largest Audi branch in the world. The reception building resembles an airport hangar , the facade is partly made of glass, partly made of corrugated metal with many elements in silvery tones.
  • In addition, the “Porsche Center” was opened in April 2002 at 23 Franklinstrasse.
  • Franklinstrasse 28/29 is the seat of the König car dealership, which operates the “Jeep City Store” here.
  • Up until the end of 2017, there was a branch of the Classik Bike company for Harley-Davidson and Buell motorcycles in the rooms at Salzufer 8 . She has since moved to the former BMW branch in Moabit .

Gallus Druckerei KG

Gallus print shop at Gutenbergstrasse 6

The Gallus printing house at Gutenbergstrasse 6 is, alongside the KPM buildings, the oldest existing structure in the Spreestadt. It was built in 1890 and previously housed a carpenter's workshop. The Gallus printing company, founded in 1826 by Julius Sittenfeld (* 1807), moved into these premises in 1924. Books and magazines in particular are printed here today, as well as advertising and business stationery. Clients are publishers, advertising agencies, associations, authorities, industry and private customers. Burckhard Gallus (* 1944) has been managing director since 1973. The company employs around 35 people.

Hotel Novotel

In 2005, the Accor Group built its first luxury hotel as the entrance gate to the Spree city under the name Dorint Novotel. The four-star business and conference hotel has 270 rooms and occupies the first eight floors of the 60 meter high building. The tower above houses office space.

World tree I

World Tree I in November 2010

At the eastern entrance to the Spreestadt, the mural World Tree I by the action artist Ben Wagin has been on the fire wall of the house at Siegmunds Hof 21 since 1975 . From March 2018, an office building of the HGHI-Holding of the investor Harald Huth is to be built on the neighboring property, which should keep a distance of one meter to the neighboring house, whereby the painting is covered. The construction company offered to repaint the painting on the “Tegel Quartier” construction project or near the Friedrichstrasse train station . In June 2018 the painting was recreated as part of the Berlin Mural Fest in Lehrter Strasse in Berlin-Moabit .

Residential development

The Englische Strasse ( Erich Büttner , painting 1925)

In the Spreestadt, they were only found in Englische Strasse and in the short Gutenbergstrasse, which now runs as an extension of Wegelystrasse to Franklinstrasse. The street was named “after the villas […] on it, which were built in the English style.” However, these villas were demolished at the turn of the 20th century in favor of tenement houses . The only building left of this is Englische Strasse 29.

On the former property of KPM between Wegelystraße and Englischer Straße, 272 apartments in the luxury segment have been built in two high-rise buildings on the banks of the Spree and thirteen traditional townhouses since 2016.

The residential complex with three houses at Franklinstrasse 2-4 was built between 1938 and 1939 based on designs by architects Lutz Arnsberger and Martin Teuscher. They are listed monuments today.

Web links

Commons : Spreestadt Charlottenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '59.2 "  N , 13 ° 19' 48.7"  E