St-Pierre de Montmartre

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Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
Choir and tower
View from the dome of the Sacré-Cœur church

The church of Saint-Pierre de Montmartre , along with the former abbey churches of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and Saint-Martin-des-Champs, was originally a Romanesque building and is one of the oldest churches in Paris . It stands on an elevation, the butte Montmartre , very close to the Sacré-Cœur pilgrimage church , in rue du Mont-Cenis No. 2 in the 18th arrondissement . In addition to the Saint-Jean l'Évangeliste church, the church dedicated to the Apostle Peter is one of the two parish churches of Montmartre .

history

In the place of today's church there was probably a chapel as early as the 7th century . This is indicated by Merovingian sarcophagi found near the church. In 1133, the French King Ludwig VI. the fat one with his wife Adelheid von Savoyen on Montmartre a Benedictine convent . At that time, today's church was built, which was built in 1147 by Pope Eugene III. was consecrated. After the death of Ludwig VI. Adelheid withdrew to the monastery, where she died in 1154. Her tombstone is in the north aisle of the church.

The church was used both as a parish church and as a monastery church. The rooms under the first three bays served as a parish church and were consecrated to the Apostle Peter, the eastern part of the church was reserved for the nuns and dedicated to Mary and St. Dionysius of Paris (Denis).

In 1622 it was believed to have rediscovered the place of the sanctum martyrium under a chapel on the terrain belonging to the monastery , where around the year 250 - according to legend - St. Dionysius and his two companions Rusticus and Eleutherius were beheaded. At this point, at 11 rue Yvonne-le-Tac, about 300 meters from their monastery buildings, the Benedictine nuns built a priory that they called Abbaye d'en bas (lower abbey). In 1686 the Benedictine nuns gave up their original monastery, the Abbaye d'en haut (upper abbey), and settled in the lower abbey. The monastery buildings of the upper abbey were demolished, only the church, which was still used as a parish church, remained. During the French Revolution , the lower abbey was also dissolved and the buildings demolished.

1794 was on the roof of the choir of a church tower for the first of Claude Chappe developed telegraph constructed. In the 19th century, the church deteriorated so much that it was almost demolished. A total renovation took place from 1899 to 1905.

architecture

Choir
Main nave
Roman granite column with marble capital from the 7th century

Saint-Pierre de Montmartre is a three-aisled pillar basilica with a four-bay nave . About the pointed arch arcades , on pillars with columns templates rest and the wider central nave from the two aisles separate itself includes Triforium on. The transept barely protrudes beyond the nave. Between the transept and the three-part apse is a choir bay. The north apse is the oldest part of the church. It has a semi- dome made of irregular masonry and is illuminated by two arched windows. The south apse is more strongly restored. The central apse with its slender columns, its capitals with rolled-up leaves and its ribbed vault already refer to the Gothic period . It is illuminated by three large pointed arched windows.

The belt arch at the entrance to the apse rests on reused granite columns from the 2nd / 3rd centuries. Century and whose marble capitals are dated to the 7th century. The limestone capitals of the pillars, which are decorated with palmettes and foliage , on which the pointed arches of the choir yoke rest, are Romanesque. The vault of the crossing rests on pillars with twelve slender columns in front of them. Large pointed arches open the crossing to the choir as well as to the transept arms and to the nave. The yoke of the main nave adjoining the crossing has major irregularities and is attributed to the time of origin before 1147. The lower part of the pillars has been cut off from the pillars of the first yoke. The partition between the nuns' choir and the altar of the parish church was attached there. The ribbed vault of the central nave dates from the late 15th century. The groin vaults of the side aisles were reconstructed during the restoration at the beginning of the 20th century.

In the side aisles, capitals have been preserved that are decorated with acanthus or palm leaves or have figural scenes, such as the depiction of a man astride a billy goat, which is interpreted as a symbol of fornication. The inside of the west facade is flanked by two reused columns from Roman times with marble capitals from the 7th century , similar to the pillars in the central choir bay. On a capital is on the corner volute an Order of Christ Cross carved.

The west facade of the church was redesigned in the 18th century.

Leaded glass window

The lead glass windows of the church were created in 1953/54 by Max Ingrand (1908–1969). The crucifixion of Christ is depicted on the central choir window. The left window is dedicated to Peter, the patron saint of the church, and the right window to Saint Dionysius, venerated as a martyr and first bishop of Paris. The windows of the nave depict scenes from the life of the apostle Peter. The south side commemorates his vocation, his appointment to the episcopate, his release from prison and his crucifixion. The windows on the north side depict the discovery of the tax coin, his walk across the water and the denial of Jesus.

Furnishing

  • In the south apse there is an oval baptismal font on which a coat of arms, the two keys of the Apostle Peter and the date 1537 are carved.
  • In the north aisle is the tombstone of Adelheid von Savoyen, the founder of the monastery.
  • The tombstone of the penultimate abbess of the monastery, Catherine de la Rochefoucauld (d. 1760), has been preserved in the north apse .
  • The bronze doors of the entrance portal , like the Way of the Cross in the church, were made by the sculptor Tommaso Gismondi in 1980.
Organ prospectus

organ

The organ loft dates back to the 18th century, the organ by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll was installed in 1869. The instrument has 12 registers on two manuals and a pedal . The playing and stop actions are mechanical.

I Grand Orgue C-g 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Montre 08th'
3. Flute 08th'
4th Prestant 04 ′
II Récit expressif C – g 3
5. Bourdon 8th'
6th Viol 8th'
7th Voix céleste 8th'
8th. Flûte octaviante 4 ′
9. Plein-jeu III
10. Trumpets 8th'
11. Basson-hautbois 8th'
Pedale C – f 1
12. Soubasse 16 ′
  • Coupling : II / I (also as sub-octave coupling), I / P, II / P
  • Tremblant (for the whole organ)

literature

  • Georges Brunel, Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, Yves Gagneux: Dictionnaire des Églises de Paris . Paris 2000 (1st edition 1995), ISBN 2-903118-77-9 , pp. 319-320.
  • Jean Colson, Marie-Christine Lauroa (ed.): Dictionnaire des Monuments de Paris . Paris 2003 (1st edition 1992), ISBN 2-84334-001-2 , pp. 726-728.
  • Anne Prache: Romanesque Île-de-France . Echter Verlag, Würzburg 1987, ISBN 3-429-01029-2 , pp. 65-70.
  • Guides Bleus: Paris . Poitiers 1992 (1st edition 1988), ISBN 2-01-018647-8 , p. 372.

Web links

Commons : St-Pierre de Montmartre  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information on the organ

Coordinates: 48 ° 53 ′ 11.9 "  N , 2 ° 20 ′ 31.9"  E