St. Emmeram (Windischeschenbach)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Emmeram in the Upper Palatinate town of Windischeschenbach belongs to the "Parish Community of St. Emmeram and Holy Spirit" and to the dean's office in Neustadt an der Waldnaab .
history
Because of the patronage of St. Emmerams and the colonization of the northern Gau from the Sankt Emmeram monastery , it is assumed that the parish of St. Emmeram in Windischeschenbach was founded by Bishop Wolfgang around 975 ; there is no documentary evidence of this. At least in the oldest parish registers of the Diocese of Regensburg from 1284 and 1326 a separate parish is given here. Former branches of Windischeschenbach were Pressath , Erbendorf , Thumsenreuth , Wiesau and Falkenberg . In 1275 the dean Konrad is named as pastor , in 1298 the dean is a rudiger . Both are mentioned when certifying documents for the Waldsassen monastery .
On October 29, 1379, the papal legate Cardinal Pileus, who was present in Regensburg, allowed the Regensburg Bishop Conrad VI. Haim Berg , his parish Windischeschenbach to the Landgrave of Leuchtenberg Johann I . to swap for the parish of Teunz . This gave the bailiwick and the right of occupation to the Landgraviate of Leuchtenberg . In the time of the Hussites , the pastor of Windischeschenbach sympathized with the teaching of Johann Hus . In 1432 the Lords of Redwitz, as owners of the Hofmark, donated an early Mass beneficence for the Church of St. Emmeram; At the same time, the Hofmarks owner founded such a benefice for his castle chapel in Windischeschenbach, which was considered a branch of the parish church. In 1438 the parishes of Krummennaab and 1441 Bernstein were added as branches. During this time it was customary for the pastor who had invested in a new parish not to take up his duties himself, but instead was represented by a vicar . In 1446 the pastor of Windischeschenbach Franz Lezger was represented by the vicar Johannes Palldauf , in 1484 the Würzburg pastor and later Bishop Conrad von Thungen was appointed for Windischeschenbach and was again represented by the vicar Johann Pugner . After the sale of Neuhaus Castle by the Leuchtenberg landgraves to the Waldsassen monastery, the right to occupy Windischeschenbach was transferred to the monastery. At that time there were the Krummennaab branches, which were looked after by the provisional Nikolaus Mendl , and the Wildenreuth branch , where the provisional Kaspar Heimerl held office ; the Bernstein and Kirchendemenreuth branches also belonged to Windischeschenbach. The St. Agatha Chapel in Neuhaus and the St. Andreas Chapel in Püllersreuth also had to be looked after from here. According to the parish description from 1508, there were three co-operatives and a scholastic officer in the parish of Windischeschenbach in addition to pastor Michael Kläpfl . In 1522 Georg Leuchtenberger , an illegitimate son of the landgrave, became pastor; he did not serve as a pastor either, but kept vicar Johannes Schaller . This then also became the next pastor; In 1526 a diocesan visit took place under him, which went to satisfaction.
In 1550 Kaspar Steininger was pastor of Windischeschenbach. He became Lutheran from 1556 . The Young Palatinate became Protestant after Duke Ottheinrich's religious mandate . Under Ottheinrich, under sovereign influence, a separate ecclesiastical division of territory was formed in 1558, which was the superintendent of Tirschenreuth until 1628. A visitation took place in 1557, during which Kaspar Steininger testified that he had changed from papist teaching to Lutheranism of his own free will . His successor was Pastor Endres Strauss in 1559 , also a fallen Catholic clergyman.
The successor of Ottheinrich, Friedrich III. , inclined to Calvinism and also enforced it. Under the Calvinists any furnishing of the churches was frowned upon, which resulted in the destruction of many cult objects, and the organ was also banned. Bread rolls were used instead of hosts . The so-called "institution" was also set up under the Calvinists, where all adults had to come to the church and were examined on the basis of knowledge of the creed and prayers. The first Calvinist clergyman was Mathes Weyh in 1563 , under him the first baptismal register of Windischeschenbach was created. He was followed by Johannes Troppmann (1567–1569) and then Michael Eschenbach (1569–1579). He made sure that the Bernstein branch was also supplied with the Calvinist clergyman Johann Agricola . He was notorious for "fighting with his wife like a farmhand", he liked going to the inn and when he was boozy he was no longer able to control him. Sunday work was allowed under him so that he could get his tithe on time. After all, he allowed the previously forbidden weather chime again.
Under the subsequent son of Friedrich III, Ludwig VI. , Lutheranism was reintroduced between 1576 and 1584. The Protestant pastor Wührl was appointed under him . The next sovereign was on behalf of the still minor successor Friedrich IV. His uncle Johann Kasimir , who ruled between 1584 and 1592. He was a staunch Calvinist again. In 1583 the Calvinist Magister Laurentius Kellermann was appointed pastor. A new rectory was built under him. There was great resistance to Calvinism in the region; On February 22, 1592, even the Calvinist monastery governor Valentin Windsheim was slain like a dog by an angry crowd in Tirschenreuth ; the main perpetrators did not get away with it, but were executed in 1596. Frederick IV (1592–1612) was actually brought up Lutheran, but Calvinist councilors initially dominated his court. During his time, the Calvinist Laurentius Kellermann was followed by the Lutheran pastor Michael Schiefendecker . Successor in the Electoral Palatinate and the associated Upper Palatinate was Friedrich V , the so-called "Winter King", who was also a Protestant. After his deposition in 1623, the Upper Palatinate came to the Catholic Elector Maximilian I , who pushed through the Counter-Reformation with a hard hand. On December 1, 1625, the Calvinist pastors of Windischeschenbach and Bernstein received an expulsion order.
Due to a shortage of priests, the parishes could not be filled again immediately, but in 1627 the Catholic pastor Petrus Schwerzler was installed in Windischeschenbach , who had to take over a run-down parish. He died of the plague in 1634 . His successor Wolfgang Egeter continued the reconstruction. During his time, despite his objection, the branch in Kirchendemenreuth was separated from Parkstein, which had remained strictly Lutheran . In the principalities of Palatinate-Neuburg and Palatinate-Sulzbach , the Simultaneum was introduced in 1652 through the Cologne settlement , but Windischeschenbach was not affected.
After the end of Calvinism (1623) the church was in a dilapidated state; it was raining through the roof and the roof of the church tower had been torn down because it was feared that it might fall on the houses next to it. Stones also fell in the nave and the altar vault and many of the windows were broken. From 1700 the parish belonged to the Kemnath deanery. Under Pastor Dr. Georg Simon von Boslarn (1701–1742) the "broken up" church tower was provided with iron clasps. He also had the parish church lengthened by a third and in 1738 a way of the cross was added to the church. He was followed by Dr. Kilian Gottfried von Dürring , during his tenure in 1747 the construction of the Marienkirche in Gleißenthal and in 1750/52 the reorganization of the burned down St. Agatha Church in Neuhaus . Under the following pastor, Maximilian von Woitha (1762–1781), a repair of the ruinous Emmeram Church was approved on October 6, 1774 by the episcopal ordinariate. His successor was Kaspar Joseph von Schmitt (1781–1798). The Windischeschenbach parsonage was rebuilt under him. On March 26, 1798, pastor Johann Georg Wopperer was appointed (1798–1802); under him the church and the interior were renovated. In the course of 1803 carried out secularization the occupation rights of the parish fell from the monastery Waldsassen to the state. The parish came to the Tirschenreuth deanery . The subsequent pastor Georg Prößl (1802-1811) was mainly responsible for the school system, he also held the function of local school inspector and district school inspector. The next owner of the pastor's position was Johann Nepomuk Hortig (1812–1821). He had taught philosophy at the University of Salzburg from 1803 and then from 1805 worked as a professor of dogmatics at the royal Bavarian lyceum in Amberg. Since he longed for practical pastoral work, he applied for the pastor's position in Windischeschenbach. In 1821 he was appointed to succeed Johann Michael Sailer at the University of Landshut , where he even became rector. His successor was Pastor Franz Tritschler (1821–1838). He organized a "Foundation of Eternal Light", the interest of which paid the Eternal Light and an annual mass for the donors. The next pastor Bartholomew Iberians (1838-1844) was once local and district school teachers, as in Bavaria to the revolution and the installation of the Munich Soviet Republic the school inspectorate was spiritually hand 1919th On June 12, 1848, the parish church burned down under the next pastor, Joseph Presserl (1844–1882). With the help of the fire insurance sum of 11,000 fl and a collection from the Catholic Church on this side of the Rhine (2,547 fl), the reconstruction could begin. On December 18, 1849, a service could be held again in the poorly prepared church. His successor Johann Baptist Birner (1883–1895) had painted choir windows with depictions of St. Emmerams and St. Attach Wolfgang. Under Pastor Michael Hartinger (1896–1913) a new bell was purchased in the course of renovation work and an organ repair was carried out by the company organ builder Lindner von Rodenzenreuth . He also brought a branch of the Dillingen Franciscan Sisters here, who worked for the children's institution and as outpatient nurses.
In 1905 the parish came to the deanery Weiden in the Upper Palatinate and from 1937 to the deanery Weiden-Land. Today it belongs to the dean's office in Neustadt an der Waldnaab.
Construction
The early medieval church was built in the Romanesque style. At the end of the 15th century it was replaced by a new Gothic building, of which the late Gothic choir closure with buttresses is still preserved today. At that time a chapel was built in honor of St. Magdalena and one of St. Karner consecrated to Katharina .
This church was destroyed by fire on June 12, 1848. Immediately afterwards, the reconstruction in the neo-Gothic style began. A flank tower with a pointed helmet was built in place of the earlier onion dome . A church tower clock was purchased from the Munich company Mannhardt . On 11 July 1863, the newly built church of the bishop was Ignatius of Senestrey consecrated . Due to the increased number of believers, the church was expanded under Pastor Johann Baptist Roeseneder (1931–1948) in 1934 with two attached side aisles, so that the church is now a three-aisled basilica with a five-sided closed choir .
In 1977, pastor Franz Reich (1977–1990) carried out an exterior renovation of the church. The large retaining wall below the parish church had already been renewed in 1967 under Pastor Heinrich Kordick (1964–1977). At the rear of the parish church there is a mount of olives in a wall niche . In 2005, pastor Markus Schmid set up a prayer room at the foot of the church tower, which was used as a baptistery until the 1970s. As part of the interior renovation of the church, the baptismal font was moved inside the church; With the help of many young helpers, the former baptistery was turned into a prayer room, the furnishings of which are based on the model of the Taizé Community with a Taize cross .
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Interior
During the Calvinist period, the altarpieces were removed from the altars. Petrus Schwerzler has procured an altar again. In 1723 it was discovered during a diocesan visit that there was a non- consecrated altar of St. Antonius , which was built by Pastor Johann Peter Tröster .
In the church fire of 1848, the interior furnishings that had meanwhile been bought again perished, even the bells melted, only the main altarpiece of St. Emmeram could be saved. After the church fire, the church received a Gothic high altar from the Metten monastery . The altarpiece of St. Emmeram was added here. The Munich painter Ernstberger created a new altarpiece with St. Emmeram in gold regalia, which is lost today. The altar paintings for the two side altars depicting the deaths of Joseph and St. Anthony were created by the Windischeschenbach painter Christian Adam . A gallery for the organ and one below for the believers was built.
A radical redesign of the interior of the church took place under Pastor Johann Rösch . In 1956 he had the Gothic altars and the pulpit removed. The altar, newly created by the Regensburg sculptor Muth , depicts Christ as king ; it is flanked by two angels with trumpets. The church patron St. Emmeram is shown in the image of a side altar, created by the sculptor Mauermann from Neunburg vorm Wald. The right side altar is consecrated to the Mother of God Mary, she is depicted as a radiant Madonna with the baby Jesus. The windows behind the high altar were replaced by more translucent windows, the former middle one was bricked up.
In 1960, pastor Josef Klett (1959–1964) carried out another interior renovation of the church, during which windows were also broken out in the upper naves. The windows behind the main altar have been extended downwards. The Neustadt painter Karl Salzbauer created a new painted Stations of the Cross for the church . In 1974 the old pillars were removed and replaced by narrower steel supports. The church was equipped with a new gallery and a wooden ceiling. The walled-up rose window in the back wall of the church was broken open again and replaced by a colored window. The altar table, ambo, baptismal font as well as priests and altar servers were redesigned and new pews for 500 people were purchased.
Epitaphs on the side wall refer to important people in the past, such as the grave slab of Baroness Anna von Herdegen from 1717, wife of a former owner of the Hofmark. Also worth mentioning are eight guild poles that were carried during the corridor and Corpus Christi procession or at the funeral of a guild member.
Bells
After the church fire in 1848, the church was equipped with four bells. At the end of the First World War , three church bells had to be delivered; When they were parked on the church square for removal, a bell was stolen during the night. A year later she reappeared at the cemetery. In 1922, pastor Johann Mühlfenzel (1913–1925) had the bells ringing again from donations.
During the Second World War , three bells had to be handed in again in 1942, but they were returned. They are tuned to the notes e, g, a, and c.
literature
- Hauser, Georg: Home book of the city Windischeschenbach. City of Windischeschenbach 1991, pp. 351–394.
- Johann B. Lehner: Church and parish St. Emmeram in Windisch-Eschenbach. In commemorative publication for the millennium of the city of Windisch-Eschenbach from July 12 to July 20, 1952. pp. 14-19. Oberpfälzer Nachrichten, Weiden 1952.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Parish Community of St. Emmeram and the Holy Spirit , accessed on January 27, 2020.
- ^ Heribert Sturm : Altbayern I - Tirschenreuth . Ed .: Commission for Bavarian State History (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, issue 21 ). Munich 1970, ISBN 3-7696-9912-2 , p. 260 , above ( digitized [accessed January 28, 2020]).
Coordinates: 49 ° 48 '9.6 " N , 12 ° 9" 20.1 " E