St. Martin (Feldkirch)

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Parish Church of St. Martin, Feldkirch
The look into the choir

St. Martin is the Roman Catholic parish church of Feldkirch , which became part of the Hartheim am Rhein community through incorporation in 1974 . The parish of Feldkirch is one of the eight parishes in the Bad Krozingen-Hartheim pastoral care unit founded in 2001 .

Building history

In the Breisgau there are various “-kirch” places that are named either after their owner or after their location (“field”). They were founded by the Franks after they had taken over rule from the Alamanni in 742–746 . The location of the church, to which all roads lead from the surrounding towns, speaks in favor of a planned construction of Feldkirch. The village is first mentioned as "Veltchilcha" in 1160 in the Rotulus Sanpetrinus - the place derives its name from the church ( chilcha ) on the open field ( velt ).

The first mention of a parish dates from 1264, when S. de Windegge was named as rector in Feldkilch , ie as "pastor". "Only scientific research proves the existence of the Franconian church in the 8th century." The tower, a former defensive tower , is said to have been built in 750. The foundation walls uncovered during the installation of an external drainage point to the church's medieval origins. The church is dedicated to St. Martin . Martinskirchen mostly suggest an early Christianization and a possible mother church. The church register of 1360/1370 mentions the field church as the mother church with the branches Hartheim and Hausen .

Only the tower of the Gothic church is preserved. The nave and the choir were renewed provisionally after a fire in the Thirty Years' War, traces of which were discovered during a restoration 1961 1650/1660 and 1748/1749 rebuilt under Pastor Friedrich Krayser and enlarged. The tower, which was damaged by lightning strikes, received the baroque gable, while the great views to the north and south, which emphasized the character of a defensive tower, were partially bricked up. In 1934 the building was given a two-storey extension on the north side to accommodate the new organ. The last renovation took place in 1997.

building

St. Martin

The church is east . The four-story tower is set slightly in the west facade. As the nave he wears a gable roof , which built by the 18th century, gables provided surmounted with welding justifications which are topped by a cross. The north and east sides each have a narrow, ogival window, while the south side shows three on top of each other. The bell storey with a round arched sound arcade is located above a cornice ; only the east side is emphasized by a couple of them. A clock can be seen on the west and east side in the gable area above the sound arcades and under a narrow gable window, on the north and south side below the cornice.

The entrance is through the middle of the tower. Above the portal there is a niche with St. Martin on a horse, a wooden sculpture from the 18th and 19th centuries. Century with a new version . On the south side, between the nave and the choir, there is a sacristy extension with a hipped roof .

The tower vestibule has a ribbed vault , while the nave has a flat roof. Like the choir, which is closed on three sides, it has irregularly arranged arched windows. The choir adjoins the hall church behind a round arched triumphal arch . In this there is a Gothic sacrament niche , which was crowned by an ogival tracery panel, which was discovered under the plaster during the last renovation and moved to the south-eastern side of the choir. In the west there is a gallery on wooden round supports with profiles. It has a ceiling painting by Manfred A. Schmid . In the gallery area there are two small arched windows one above the other.

Ceiling fresco with the miracle of Pentecost

"The ceiling frescoes are by Johann Burghart from Feldkirch after the renovation in 1961." In the nave they show scenes from the life of St. Martin, the coat donation, behind the triumphal arch is "in a breathtaking staircase architecture [...], shortly after you entered the choir to see the Pentecostal miracle. "

Furnishing

The interior of the church is predominantly baroque . The high altar with double column position dates from around 1750. In the essay it shows a half-length figure of God the Father, surrounded by clouds and putti heads . In the painting “the rare subject, the death of Joseph [...] is depicted in a lively composition. Much points to a South German school trained in Italian, for example in the manner of the successor to Adam Elsheimer. "

The two side altars from the end of the 17th century have a structure with simple pillars and openwork tendrils on the sides. They are crowned by an explosive gable with an octagonal top image and two putti. In the left altar, the main picture shows a seated Madonna and Child, framed by roses, possibly based on a model from the 16th century, and the upper picture from the 18th century shows Saint Cecilia . In the main picture on the right altar, St. Nepomuk can be seen, “around 1660. The saint brings his right hand to his mouth - a sign of his steadfast refusal to break the secret of confession. An angel holds the martyr's wreath over his head. His martyrdom in the background: torture and drowning - he is pushed from the bridge into the Vltava ”. The upper picture with St. Martin is perhaps older.

In the choir are wooden, newly framed sculptures of Saints Martin, Florian , Sebastian and Barbara from the 18th century, which have been attributed to Franz Anton Xaver Hauser without further evidence .

  • St. Martin

  • St. Florian

  • St. Sebastian

  • St. Barbara

The choir stalls date from around 1760. It has fields of different woods with carved attachments in which the coat of arms of the Lords of Wessenberg-Ampringen is shown in inlaid . Two confessionals, which are missing the essays, are from the 18th century, essays are missing.

On the south wall of the nave there is a crescent moon Madonna with child from the 17th century. It is also newly framed, as is a life-size wooden crucifix from the 18th and 19th centuries. Century on the north wall of the nave and a lecture cross from the 18th century on the west wall. In the nave, a cycle of the Stations of the Cross is presented on wooden panels with ornamentally curved edges from the mid-18th century.

Lords of Wessenberg-Ampringen

In the church there are several foundations of the Lords of Wessenberg-Ampringen. The coats of arms in the aforementioned choir stalls, three children's tombstones from 1512 (Frantz Christof), 1607 (Christofel) and 1626 (Maria Elisabetha), the tombstone of Rupert Florian von Wessenberg (1687–1777) and on the nave wall next to the refer to them left side altar an epitaph of his son Philipp Carl von Wessenberg († 1794), ascribed to Franz Anton Xaver Hauser. His sons were Johann Philipp (tombstone on the north wall of the choir) and Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg , the last vicar general and diocese administrator of the Diocese of Constance.

  • Christofel

  • Maria Elisabetha

  • Rupert Florian

  • Philipp Carl

  • Johann Philipp

The church fund has a silver double oil vessel from 1603 and another oil vessel from 1604, donated by Hans-Christoph von Wessenberg and his wife Judith Reich von Reichenstein .

organ

organ

Today's organ is in a historical case from around 1740 with profiled cornices and openwork tendril ornamentation. It comes from an organ from the Church of St. Cyriak in Lehen . The local community commissioned Nikolaus Schuble to build a new organ and therefore sold the old one. It was set up in Feldkirch in 1809, also by Nikolaus Schuble. The preserved case of this organ has pointed towers. Since this type of construction is very rare in southern Baden, Bernd Sulzmann assumes that it must have come from Johann Georg Fischer , who used it. Waldkircher Orgelbau Jäger & Brommer , who renovated the current organ in 1998, state that it is "in the historic Ronzoni case from the 19th century". Ambrosius Ronzoni (around 1730 Milan - around 1800 Moravia) came from Switzerland and Alsace to the Upper Rhine, where he worked from 1767 to 1793. An organ attributed to him is in Feldkirch (Haut-Rhin) . Jäger & Brommer may therefore be confused with the reference to Ronzoni for this organ.

In 1933 a new building with 13 registers and a wind reduction was built in a separate housing behind the remaining old one by M. Welte & Söhne , Freiburg im Breisgau. In 1961, Gebr. Späth Orgelbau added two stops, which were built into the historic case. At the same time the original register was Dulciana by Vox celeste replaced and the plant received a used detached Welte game table from another church, which is now blind in Feldkirch nine, has functionless organ stops. In 1998 the organ was renovated by the Waldkircher Orgelbau Jäger & Brommer.

The organ has an electro-pneumatic play and key action , a bag Laden Abwindsystem and a wind attenuation of 14 for the 16th register.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. flute 8th'
3. Principal 4 ′
4th Gemshorn 4 ′
5. octave 2 ′
6th Mixture III-IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
II. Manuals C – g 3
7th Dumped 8th'
8th. Salicional 8th'
9. Vox Celeste 8th'
10. Transverse flute 4 ′
11. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Forest flute 2 ′
13. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Pedal C – f 1
14th Sub bass 16 ′
15th Subtle bass 16 ′
16. Octave bass 8th'
  • Pairing : II / I, Super II / I, I / P

Ossuary

Maximilian Kolbe Chapel

Immediately next to the church, on the edge of the former cemetery, stands the ossuary built in 1600 and used until 1848, which then served as a syringe house for a long time. After the importance of the dilapidated building had been recognized, it was renovated at the instigation of pastor Ferdinand Maurath and consecrated as the Maximilian Kolbe chapel in 1985 . On the outer wall there is a grave slab with an incised drawing of a crucifixion group in front of which a priest kneels. The inscription reminds of the priest Blasius Bechtold (1579–1604).

Ottilien Chapel

Ottilien Chapel

On the western edge of the village there is a chapel dedicated to St. Ottilie , built in 1863 , to which pilgrimages led. On the forecourt you can see a cross with a relief of the saints made of cast iron and a stone about a meter high in the form of an old boundary stone in which there is a recess. According to legend, Ottilie is said to have rested on it on her flight from Alsace to Freiburg . In 1999 the chapel, which had been closed for a long time and is now also used as a cemetery chapel, was renovated. The altarpiece shows Ottilie with her attributes, a chalice and a Bible with two eyes in her hands. Statues of Francis of Assisi and St. Elisabeth of Thuringia stand on both sides of the choir arch . A way of the cross is attached to the side walls . On the back wall is a memorial plaque for the fallen and missing of the Feldkirch community from the Second World War.

Web links

Commons : St. Martin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Bohrer: From the history of the village of Feldkirch in Breisgau. In: 1200th anniversary of the community of Feldkirch with 40th anniversary of the music band's foundation. Feldkirch 1961, p. 5
  2. ↑ (Edmund Weeger :) Feldkirch im Breisgau. In: 1250 years of Feldkirch. Hartheim (2011), page 17
  3. ↑ Drill, as above, p. 6.
  4. ^ Description of the church on the website of the pastoral care unit online
  5. ^ Weeger, as above, p. 29
  6. ^ Hermann Brommer : Catholic parish church St. Martin Staufen i. Br. Lindenberg 2001, p. 2.
  7. ↑ Drill, as above, p. 10.
  8. ↑ Excerpt from the monument book of the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district , available in the church. This also includes the information on equipment that has not been individually proven
  9. ^ Art- historical representation of the community Hartheim online
  10. ^ Art- historical account of the Hartheim community, as above.
  11. ^ Art- historical representation of the community Hartheim as before
  12. ↑ Gemeindeanzeiger Bad Krozingen, No. 11, July 7, 1985.
  13. ↑ Detailed description of the tombs in and on the church on the homepage of the Wessenberg Academy online
  14. ^ Arnold Tschira: The monument of Baron Philipp Carl von Wessenberg in Feldkirch , in: Schau-ins-Land 1938/39, page 188–193 online , taken over by Hermann Brommer: The sculptors Hauser in Kirchzarten, Schlettstatt and Freiburg i. Br. , In: Schau-ins-Land 1976/77, page 181 online . In the representation of the parish wrongly referred to as that of Johann Philipp von Wessenberg online
  15. ^ Weeger, as above, p. 21.
  16. ↑ Hartheim's 'Weather Blessing' - Monstrance 1791 online
  17. ↑ Sulzmann, p. 34.
  18. ^ Bernd Sulzmann: Historical organs in Baden, 1690-1890. Schnell and Steiner 1980, ISBN 978-3-795-40421-5 , pp. 34, 146.
  19. ↑ (sic! Must read: 18th century).
  20. ↑ Feldkirch in the Jäger & Brommer organ gallery online ; following this the parish online .
  21. ^ Sulzmann, p. 287.
  22. ↑ A la découverte de l'Orgue. Orgues d'Alsace : Feldkirch, St-Rémi online .
  23. ^ Organ directory by Andreas Schmidt: Feldkirch online .
  24. ↑ A walk through the historic Feldkirch. Gemeindeanzeiger Bad Krozingen, July 7, 1983. (A copy is available in the church.)
  25. ^ Weeger, as above, page 29.
  26. ↑ Weeger, as above, page 30
  27. ↑ Anneliese Faller: Ottilienkapelle Feldkirch , undated leaflet, available in the church

Coordinates: 47 ° 56 '9.5 "  N , 7 ° 38' 59"  E