St. Nikolaus (Freiburg im Üechtland)
St. Nicholas Cathedral
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Basic data | ||
Place: | Freiburg | |
Canton: | Freiburg | |
Country: | Switzerland | |
Altitude : | 587 m | |
Coordinates: 46 ° 48 '22.3 " N , 7 ° 9' 46" E ; CH1903: 578 944 / 183930 | ||
Use: | Roman Catholic Church | |
Accessibility: | Observation tower open to the public | |
Tower data | ||
Construction time : | 1283-1490 | |
Building material : | stone | |
Total height : | 76.00 m | |
Viewing platform: | 64.00 m | |
Position map | ||
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The Cathedral of St. Nicholas ( French : Cathédrale Saint-Nicolas ) is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Friborg in Friborg in Switzerland. It bears the patronage of St. Nicholas and was formerly the collegiate church of a canon until 1924 . The original Freiburg cathedral was elevated to the status of cathedral of the diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Freiburg in 1924.
Building history
The cathedral was built in several stages from 1283 until 1490 on the site of a Romanesque church. The three-nave Gothic church has a 74 meter high tower, the construction of which was completed in 1490 in the style of the late Flamboyant Gothic and in which there is a spiral staircase with 368 steps.
Building
The main portal opens on the mighty western front, the tympanum of which shows a depiction of the Last Judgment from the 14th century. The polygonal choir was renewed and enlarged between 1627 and 1630, whereby the Gothic style was retained despite the advanced period.
Portals
The main entrance (west portal)
South portal
The south portal was originally the main entrance to the cathedral. The poor condition, which was caused by decades of car traffic, prompted the city to close the gate in the 1970s and to cover it with wood to protect it. After 40 years, the gate has now been restored and made public. Since it was partly no longer known what certain bases of the statues originally looked like, one statue was provided with a base that takes our modern era as its theme. You can see people who are busy with their smartphones.
Furnishing
The rich furnishings of the church include the Holy Grave Chapel with the depiction of the Entombment of Christ (1433), a baptismal font from 1498, the choir stalls in Gothic flamboyant style (1516), various Baroque altars and the high altar from 1877. The one made by Ulrich Wagner between 1464 and 1466 Choir grilles in the late Gothic style are considered the “most beautiful of its era”.
window
The church windows were initially designed in Art Nouveau style by the Polish painter Józef Mehoffer and created between 1896 and 1936. The work was completed by the French painter Alfred Manessier .
Organs
The cathedral has two organs . The large organ was built between 1824 and 1834 by the Freiburg organ builder Aloys Mooser (1770–1839) and attracted musicians like Franz Liszt and Anton Bruckner . The instrument has 60 registers on four manuals and a pedal .
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The choir organ was built by Sebald Manderscheidt (1620–1685), a son of the German organ builder Nicolaus Manderscheidt , between 1655 and 1657. The instrument with 18 registers on two manuals and pedal is not freely accessible.
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Bells
The ringing consists of 13 bells . With the bells of the St. Gallen collegiate church and the Bern Minster (both on e 0 ) it is one of the most important historical large bells in Switzerland.
Every evening at 10:15 p.m. the Barbara's bell sounds to ring the armies or stray people. To the Betzeiten to 7, 12 and 19 o'clock rings the hour bell ; The primary bell has been used for weekday masses since the 17th century . The large Sion or Mary bell rings after funeral ceremonies. Since 1953 the bells have been equipped with an electric bell drive; The bells 13 + 12 were also equipped with an electric bell drive during the restoration in 2009, before they could still be rung by hand. The two choralist bells are no longer used today, but could still be rung by hand. They are connected to each other with a rope so that both bells could be rung at the same time with one train. The ringing order from the Middle Ages has changed fundamentally; the Gambach bell and the small death bell (only in the 1990s) were integrated into the main bell and the regular use of the full bell and larger partial chimes returned: every Saturday at 7 p.m. instead of the evening bell, the Sunday with the full bell (bells 9–1) ushered in; this will also be heard at high mass from 9.45 a.m. At 9:00 am and 11:30 am, the ringing is reduced to bells 7-2, and again to bells 6-3 for the evening before and Sunday evening mass. Bells 9–4 sound for baptisms, bells 9–3 for weddings and finally bells 9–2 before funerals.
No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Caster |
Ø (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
Belfry |
Chime |
1 | Sion or Mary bell | 1505 | Robert de Besançon & Pierre de Montureux |
2207 | 6950 | g 0 −5 | below, central | after funeral services |
2 | Catherine Bell | 1746 | 3550 | ces 1 −2 | below, south | |||
3 | Barbara's Bell | 1367 | Walter Reber | 1461 | 2080 | it 1 +1 | Middle, central | 10:15 pm |
4th | Hour or brotherhood bell |
1416 | Anton Grangier | 1300 | 1650 | f 1 −1 | Middle, north | 7 a.m., 12 p.m. and 7 p.m. |
5 | Primary bell | 1437 | Peter Follare | 1106 | 980 | as 1 ± 0 | Middle, north | for weekday masses |
6th | Gambach bell | 1562 | Hans Burdi | 957 | 600 | b 1 +8 | Middle, central | |
7th | 1. Sacristan bell | 1569 | Jakob Kegler | 680 | 210 | it 2 +13 | Middle, southwest | |
8th | 2. Sacristan bell | 14th century | unknown | 647 | 230 | ges 2 +6 | Middle, southeast | |
9 | Death knell | 1734 | Jakob Klely | 564 | 110 | tot 2 ± 0 | Spire | |
10 | 1. Choralist bell | 1567 | Jakob Kegler | 291 | 20th | ? | Middle, north | |
11 | 2. Choralist bell | 1554 | Jakob Burdi | 289 | 18th | at g 3 | Middle, north | |
12 | Measuring bell | 1737 | Joseph Klely | 415 | 50 | ces 3 +3 | Roof turret | |
13 | Sacrament bell | 1656 | Franz-Bartholomäus Reyff | 316 | 23 | f 3 | Roof turret |
Patronage party
- → see main article St. Nicholas Festival
At the patronage festival of the cathedral and the city of Freiburg every year on the first Saturday of December, a student of the St. Michael college dressed as St. Nicholas moves with a donkey at the head of a parade through the old town and then stops from a platform above the portal of the cathedral a speech with satirical allusions to the events of the past year in the college and the city.
literature
- Peter Kurmann (Ed.): The St. Nicholas Cathedral in Freiburg. Burning mirror of the European Gothic. Bibliothèque des Arts, Lausanne 2007, ISBN 978-2-88453-135-1 .
- Hortensia by Roda: The stained glass by Józef Mehoffer in the St. Nicholas Cathedral in Freiburg. Published by the Society for Swiss Art History, Benteli, Bern 1995, ISBN 3-7165-0969-8 .
- Jean Steinauer: The Republic of Canons - A History of Power in Freiburg i. Ue. (Original title: La république des chanoines , translated by Hubertus von Gemmingen). hier + now, Publishing House for Culture and History , Baden (Switzerland) 2012, ISBN 978-3-03919-269-4 .
Web links
- Homepage of the parish of St. Nikolaus in Freiburg (French)
- The great organ in Freiburg in Switzerland , poem by Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg in full text at Wikisource
- History of the city of Freiburg i. Üechtland ( Memento from September 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schweiz-Netz.com Freiburg Cathedral , accessed on June 23, 2013.
- ^ Report by Swiss Radio SRF [1]
- ↑ Marcel Strub: Les monuments d'art et d'histoire du canton de Friborg. Tome II: La Ville de Friborg (= The Art Monuments of Switzerland , Vol. 36). Birkhäuser, Basel 1956, p. 94 f.
- ^ Marianne Rolle: Ulrich Wagner. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 2, 2012 , accessed June 8, 2019 .
- ^ Organ portraits on the Freiburg Organ Academy website. (French / German) ( Memento from June 26, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ The great organ by Aloys Mooser (1834) on the parish website of St. Niklaus. (French) ( Memento from March 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ choir organ of Sebald Mandescheid (1657) on the parish site of St. Niklaus. (French) ( Memento from June 26, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ a b Matthias Walter : The bells of the St. Nicholas Cathedral in Freiburg . Longchamp SA, Freiburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-033-01596-8 , pp. 35-36.
- ^ Matthias Walter: The bells of the St. Nicholas Cathedral in Freiburg . Longchamp SA, Freiburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-033-01596-8 , p. 10.
- ↑ St. Nicholas in Freiburg