St. Romanus (Schweighausen)

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St. Romanus from the northeast

St. Romanus is the Roman Catholic parish church of Schweighausen , part of the political community Schuttertal in the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg . The parish together with the other parishes of Schuttertal, St. Johannes in Dörlinbach and St. Antonius in Schuttertal, belong to the pastoral care unit Kirche an der Schutter of the Archdiocese of Freiburg , an amalgamation of the former pastoral care units Schuttertal, St. Franziskus and Lahr. The patronage will be on August 9th , St. Roman of Rome , committed.

history

Like Dörlinbach, Schweighausen was part of the equipment of the Ettenheimmünster monastery when it was founded by Bishop Heddo of Strasbourg in the 8th century. After the area was cleared and a settlement emerged, a chapel was built. Schirmvögte were initially the Strasbourg bishops from the 12th century to compete with them the hohengeroldseck . It was the latter who mediated the consecration of the chapel "in honor of the Trinity " on July 11, 1132 by Bishop Ullrich II of Constance - as recorded in the copy book of the Ettenheim monastery from 1584 . In 1183, Bishop Heinrich I of Strasbourg transferred the church patronage, including the income from the parish, to the Ettenheimmünster monastery. In 1492 the Schweighaus church was first referred to as the "parish church". When the Geroldsecker Lande was divided in 1277, the bailiwick came to the upper rulership with Hohengeroldseck Castle as its center . The male line of the Geroldsecker died out in 1634 , but it was not until 1740 that the diocese finally asserted itself as local and regional ruler. With the abolition of the Ettenheimmünster monastery in 1803, Schweighausen fell to the state of the Grand Duchy of Baden , and in 1827 to the Archdiocese of Freiburg.

St. Romanus from the west

Patronage

The church is dedicated to St. Romanus of Rome , who, according to legend, was so impressed by the steadfastness of St. Lawrence of Rome that he was baptized by Lawrence and was martyred in Rome that same year (258). His feast day in the Catholic Church is August 9th. Pope Leo IX from Alsace is said to have relics of the saint . to the Abbey of Oelenberg in the Alsatian town of Reiningue , whose Saint Romain parish church has three Roman reliquaries . The Oelenberg Abbey, on the other hand, could have given the Ettenheimmünster monastery as a gift of the Roman relic that is listed in a relic register of the monastery in 1268. In addition to a Romamus, a Laurentius and a Mary altar are said to have stood in the first Schweighauser church; in the 17th century the three altars are definitely occupied. When it was first mentioned as a "parish church", St. Romanus was a much visited place of pilgrimage.

Perhaps from Schweighausen the veneration of St. Romanus reached deeper into the Black Forest. Upstream of Wolfach lies the mountain village of St. Roman with a church dedicated to the saint. The connection with St. Laurentius is also clear in the Kinzig valley: the Wolfach parish church is dedicated to him.

Building history

Floor plan of St. Romanus
Schweighausen with church and rectory at the end of the 18th century

In 1463 at the latest, the chapel was expanded into a larger church with a choir tower , because a bell was purchased that year. In 1762, the Strasbourg auxiliary bishop Toussaint (Tussanus) Duvernin (1713–1785) found the church too small during a visitation . An extension is not possible, “partly because it is in a state of disrepair, partly because there was no room to extend it. <...> The church should necessarily be built from scratch ”. The new building took place under the abbot of Ettenheimmünster Landelin Fluem (1724–1793), elected in 1774, and the local priest (and Ettenheim monk) Bernhard Stoeber (1740–1817). The master builder was Johannes Joseph Hirschbühl (1737–1783), who lived in Kenzingen and had previously built the orangery building in Ettenheimmünster. Hirschbühl planned that the west wall of the new church cut through the choir of the old church, which had to be demolished. The old ship remained a church service room during the construction period. When the choir tower was demolished, “it was with horror how terribly dilapidated this building was. Nobody has been safe in it for a long time. In the Schwibogen , on which mainly the tower rested, a whole cuboid had given way to the extent that one could put a hand in the crack. ”On August 21, 1775 the foundation stone was ceremoniously laid, on September 8 with the sculptor Joseph Kaltenbach (1735–1805), a pupil of Matthias Faller , signed a contract for the erection of a high altar. On August 28, 1976 Abbot Landelin Fluem was able to consecrate the new building, and in November Kaltenbach set up the new high altar. In the years 1841 and 1842 the original onion dome of the tower was replaced by an eight-sided pyramid, and from 1972 to 1980 the church was restored inside and out. In 2004 the interior was badly damaged by an arson attack, but it was restored by 2005.

building

Inner direction of the choir
Inside towards the west entrance

The hall church forms an architectural unit with the rectory from 1755 to the west. To the east of the nave there is a polygonal closed choir, which in turn is preceded by the tower to the east. Above the arched portal in the west facade, a niche contains a statue of St. Romanus. A chronogram showing the year “1777” is written in the cartouche above which it stands and in the pediment of the portal . Two blind windows are painted on the side. The horizontal cornice above extends around the nave and, slightly offset, the choir and tower. Like the base and the corners, it is made of sandstone. Its red blends in well with the yellowish white of the wall surfaces. Three oval windows open in the gable of the facade. Stone vases and balls are placed on the volutes. The north and south walls of the ship each contain five arched windows and a simple side entrance. The tower is four-sided on the lower floors and octagonal on the bell floor. "The master builder Hirschbühl solved the transition from the square to the octagon particularly well and pleasantly: Each mighty stone placed over a corner is carved out like an elongated groove that ends in small crossed snails."

Inside, the eastern corners of the nave are rounded on both sides of the basket arched triumphal arch and lead over to the choir. Stitch caps cut into the flat ceilings of the nave and choir. Implied capitals "are reminiscent of pilasters that were once painted or protruding flat." Arched frames on the ceiling were perhaps intended for paintings.

Furnishing

Landelin Fluems's predecessor in the Abtsamt, Augustin Dornblüt (abbot from 1740 to 1774), had the St. Landelin monastery church expanded by the master builder Franz Joseph Salzmann from 1764 to 1765 . Influences from this redesign and the furniture that became available contributed significantly to the furnishing of St. Romanus in Schweighausen.

High altar

  • overall view

  • Benedict

  • Landolin and Romanus

  • tabernacle

  • Scholastics

At first, Father Bernhard Stoeber did not like Kaltenbach's high altar. He had it modified by the sculptor Caspar Feuerstein (1739–1798), who came from a Vorarlberg family. In Kaltenbach's trapezoid of columns, the two middle ones stood behind the two outer ones, now they stand in front of them. Volutes and cornices had to be changed accordingly. On the bridges between the columns, on the left, are Saint Benedict of Nursia with abbot's staff and book, furthermore a chalice and snake as a symbol of a legendary poison attack, on the right his sister, Saint Scholastica of Nursia , also with the staff of an abbess, both from Kaltenbach. “The statue of St. Benedict is a sculptural masterpiece. Expression and representation point to the dawning age of classicism . ”Numerous angels join the two saints, the two small ones at the side in front of the red curtain by Caspar Feuerstein, the large ones on the volute braces by Kaltenbach. All worship the "eye of God" , from which rays emanate to form a wreath of gold and silver. A crown under a canopy forms the upper end .

With the trapezoidal position of the columns and the radiant “Eye of God” in the wreath of clouds, the Schweighauser Altar resembles the one newly created by St. Landelin in the context of the renovation .

The Schweighaus high altar painting was even completely taken over from St. Landelin . Abbot Fluem gave it because St. Landelin received a new one, a work by Johann Anton Morath . The old and the new picture had the same theme: the glorification of the holy Landelin von Ettenheimmünster by the Trinity . However, the size and theme of the old picture for Schweighausen has been adjusted. On the right, Landelin is still kneeling in a bright light in Schweighausen, and God the Father and Jesus Christ are enthroned above , above whom the Holy Spirit hovers in the form of a dove . In the left, dark half of the old picture, however, a tower with St. Lawrence was painted, in front of it Romanus with a jug in which he offered Laurentius the water for baptism. It is believed that the original picture was painted by Benedikt Gambs around 1741 and revised for Schweighausen around 1776 by Johann Pfunner .

Side altars and pulpit

  • Left side altar

  • Romanus with sword and the jar of baptismal water

  • Right side altar

  • Maria and her child

  • pulpit

The two side altars and the pulpit with the three evangelist reliefs on the basket and the fourth on the back wall come from St. Landelin . They were made in 1743 by brother Paulus Schramm (1700–1750). The left altar encloses a statue of St. Romanus, the right a statue of the Madonna. Joseph Kaltenbach added the sound cover of the pulpit with the trumpet angel.

Bells

Four bells hang in the tower.

  • Due to its historical and artistic value, the oldest was allowed to stay in the tower during both world wars of the 20th century. The inscription reads: “PAPA INNOC: (entio) X (1644–1655) FERDINANDO IMP: (eratore) 3: (1637–1657) AoDNI 1651 PACIS HERMA: (= Germa) NO: SVECICAE RESTITUTAE / (ornament) PRAETORIBUS IOANNE OFFENBVRGER ET IACOBO BRVCH ”-“ at the time of Pope Innocent X and Emperor Ferdinand III. , in the year of the Lord 1651, when peace was restored between Germany and Sweden, donated by the bailiffs Johann Offenburger and Jakob Bruch. "" If you take into account the great hardship after the Thirty Years' War , you are amazed at the founders of the 'artistic' Bell jar. How was it possible that the two bailiffs <...> had such a fortune that they were able to donate such a bell at a time 'when the Ettenheim Munster monastery was robbed, impoverished and abandoned'? "
  • The second oldest, cast in 1751, had to be given in during World War II, but was found again in a bell cemetery after the war and brought back to Schweighausen in 1950. The label reads: "SANCTE ROMANE PATRONE SCHWECKHAVSEN ORA PRO NOBIS" - "Saint Romanus, patron saint of Schweighausen, pray for us."
  • The two youngest bells were cast in 1951 by the Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling company .

Others

organ
Cemetery cross

The baptismal font was built under Abbot Christophorus II (abbot from 1608 to 1623) and was originally in Dörlinbach. Carl Feuerstein decorated it with rococo ornaments.

The Way of the Cross was created by the barrel painter Gottlieb Schaffroth (* 1727) in 1779 .

When a used organ from Schuttern could no longer be repaired , the organ builder Mathias Martin , who came from Ettenheimmünster and later worked in Waldkirch , built a new instrument in 1809, which has been preserved to this day after many restorations, most recently from 1976 to 1979.

In the cemetery there is a stone crucifix made of flint, Christ "not as the victor over death, but in his last minutes, when he desperately cried: 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?' Elegant rocaille ornamentation adorns the already slightly weathered stone. "

Appreciation

St. Romanus was Hirschbühl's first independent church building. If Franz Xaver Kraus rated it in 1904 as “of little structural interest”, today it is “successful.” The furnishings are “certainly one of the most remarkable achievements of local artists from the transition from Rococo to Classicism.” St. Romanus counts to the most beautiful churches in the Schuttertal.

literature

  • Gerhard Finkbeiner: Heimatbuch Schweighausen. Local history. Interest group of Badischer Ortssippenbücher, Lahr-Dinglingen 2003.
  • Dieter Kaus: The medieval parish organization in the Ortenau. Konkordia AG publishing house, Bühl / Baden 1970.
  • Franz Xaver Kraus (Ed.): The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Volume 6, 1: The art monuments of the districts of Breisach, Emmendingen, Ettenheim, Freiburg (Land), Neustadt, Staufen and Waldkirch (Freiburg Land district). Verlag JCB Mohr, Tübingen and Leipzig 1904, pp. 278-279. Digitized version. Accessed March 10, 2015.
  • Discover regional studies online Baden-Württemberg: Schweighausen. Digitized. Retrieved on March 5, 2015. Except for the abbreviations, the texts are identical to: Schweighausen. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI. Freiburg administrative district. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1982. ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , pp. 422-423.
  • Mortenau.de: Schweighausen. Digitized. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  • Albert Panther: Catholic parish church St. Romanus Schuttertal-Schweighausen. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich, Zurich 1987.
  • Pastoral care unit Schuttertal: St. Romanus. Digitized. Retrieved March 6, 2015.

Web links

Commons : St. Romanus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Finkbeiner 2003, S: 45.
  2. ↑ Finkbeiner 2003, p. 44.
  3. ^ Romanus of Rome in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints. Digitized. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  4. ↑ a b c Panther 1987, p. 19.
  5. ↑ Finkbeiner 2003, pp. 169–170.
  6. ↑ Finkbeiner 2003, p. 169.
  7. ↑ St. Roman on the website of the pastoral care unit An Wolf and Kinzig . Digitized. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  8. ↑ a b Finkbeiner 2003, p. 173.
  9. ↑ Panther 1987, p. 20.
  10. ^ So Brommer 1987, p. 20. With Norbert Liehl: Die Vorarlberger Barockbaumeister. 3. Edition. Schnell & Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1976, pp. 96 and 136, the master builder is called "Johann Baptist Hirschbühl II", one of eight masters of the name "Hirschbühl", if the data are otherwise identical. The Orangery in Ettenheim, like almost the entire monastery, except for the church, which is now the parish and pilgrimage church of St. Landelin , was destroyed after the secularization .
  11. ↑ Finkbeiner 2003, p: 175.
  12. ↑
    Romanus portal statue and chronogram
    In the cartridge:

    Me result
    pIaIVVentVs in
    schwaIchaVsen et
    in DörLInbaCh

    = M + I + I + I + V + V + V + I + C + I + V + I + D + L + I + C = 1777. In the gable:

    sIC
    pIeDeVs CoLItVr
    romanI sVffragIo
    nobIs benIgnVs

    = I + C + I + D + V + C + L + I + V + M + I + V + I + I + I + V = 1777.
  13. ↑ a b Panther 1987, p. 12.
  14. ↑ Year of death 1798 according to Panther 1987, p. 21; on the other hand in 1807 in Hermann Brommer : builders and artists on the Ettenheim church building in the 18th century. In: Dieter Weis (ed.): St. Bartholomäus Ettenheim. Schnell und Steiner Verlag, Munich, Zurich 1982, ISBN 3-7954-0906-3 , S: 38–79, here p. 60.
  15. ↑ Panther 1987, p. 14.
  16. ^ Walter Strittmatter: St. Landelin Ettenheimmünster. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich, Regensburg 1993.
  17. ↑ Finkbeiner 2003, pp. 177–178.
  18. ↑ a b Sigrid Thurm: German Bell Atlas Volume 4, Baden. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich, Berlin 1985. ISBN 3-422-00557-9 , pp. 528-529.
  19. ↑ Panther 1987, p. 11.
  20. ↑ Kraus 1904, p. 278.

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 8.8 ″  N , 7 ° 57 ′ 56 ″  E