Hohengeroldseck
| Hohengeroldseck | ||
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 Hohengeroldseck castle ruins |
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| Creation time : | 1240 to 1250 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Free nobles | |
| Place: | Seelbach- Schönberg | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 19 '57 " N , 7 ° 58' 49" E | |
| Height: | 523.9 m above sea level NHN | |
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Hohengeroldseck is the ruin of a hilltop castle at 523.9 m above sea level. NHN in the Black Forest . It is located on a hill between the Kinzigtal and the Schuttertal in the Schönberg district of the community of Seelbach in the Ortenaukreis in Baden-Württemberg . The castle was the ancestral seat of the Lords of Geroldseck . The ruins of Alt-Geroldseck Castle are located on a spur hill 1,700 meters north .
history
The gentlemen of Geroldseck
The castle was built in the years 1240 to 1250 on the Schönberg by Walter I. von Geroldseck as ancestral castle of the lords of Geroldseck and formed the center of the "upper lordship" Hohengeroldseck between the division of 1277 and the end of the Geroldseck rule in 1634. The area of the upper Ortenau had been in the hands of Walter von Geroldseck's descendants since 1277 and included the lordships of Lahr , Mahlberg , Schiltach as well as Schuttern Monastery and Ettenheimmünster Monastery . The Lords of Geroldseck also owned the Landvogtei on both sides of the Rhine from Basel to Seltz . Margrave Jakob I von Baden bought half of the Lahr and Mahlberg rule from the descendants of Walter von Geroldseck in 1442 for 30,000 guilders . In 1486 the castle was conquered by Count Palatine Philipp and remained with the Electoral Palatinate until 1534 . The gun master of the Electorate of the Palatinate, Martin Merz , led the six-week bombardment in 1486. In 1599, the Geroldsecker family moved their residence to Dautenstein Castle in nearby Seelbach, which was converted into a Renaissance castle .
The Count of Kronberg 1636–1692
Anna Maria von Hohengeroldseck († 1649) was after the death of her father Jakob von Hohengeroldseck († 1634) the only heiress of the von Geroldseck family. Since 1644 she was married to Margrave Friedrich V von Baden-Durlach . The Habsburgs viewed the entire Hohengeroldseck rule as a fief that had reverted to them . They ignored the heiress's claims to the allodial property contained therein and in 1636 enfeoffed the still underage Adolf Otto Graf von und zu Kronberg with castle and rule, since Emperor Ferdinand II had already promised his father Adam Philipp the fief in 1620 and confirmed it in 1630 as foreseeable was that Jakob von Hohengeroldseck would die without a male heir. Otto's mother, Margarethe Sidonie von Daun , Countess von Falkenstein, acted for her son. In 1650 Otto was declared of age and took over the rule himself. In 1653 he married Maria Franziska von Oettingen-Baldern . The Count managed to prevent the courts from assigning the allodial property to the Margraves of Baden-Durlach by using a delaying tactic . In addition, he also started a small border war with the Lahr rulership, which was under Baden-Durlach pledge rule, for sovereignty over the sawmill between Kuhbach and Lahr.
The castle was destroyed by French troops in the Palatinate War of Succession in January 1689.
The Counts von der Leyen since 1697
After the death of the last Count of Kronberg (in the crown tribe) in 1692, Margrave Friedrich Magnus revived the claim to the Hohengeroldseck rule inherited from his grandfather Friedrich V. He took possession of the rule six months after the death of Kronberger. In 1695 Karl Kasper Franz von der Leyen raised claims to the rule, as the Habsburgs had already made promises for his successor in view of the missing heirs of the fiefdom holder, Adolf Otto Graf von und zu Kronberg, although the Baden claims and whose legal existence was known.
The Austrian governor in the Ortenau, Karl II. Von Neveu, had a 300-strong military contingent deployed on April 16, 1697, who removed the Baden coat of arms , took Dautenstein Castle by force and drove the Baden officials out. The population was asked to pay homage to Karl Kasper von der Leyen . Since then, the castle ruins have belonged to the von der Leyen family . It was also part of the County of Hohengeroldseck from 1711 to 1806 and of the Principality of von der Leyen from 1806 to 1813 .
Historical representations of the castle
The depiction of Grimmelshausen from 1645 was long considered the oldest known depiction. In 2001 the hypothesis was published that a representation in Philipp Münch's war book of 1496 shows Hohengeroldseck Castle during the siege by Philip the Sincere in 1486.
Preservation of the castle ruins
The Hohengeroldseck ruins are now owned by the legal successors of the von Geroldseck lords, the princes von der Leyen , and have been owned by the Association for the Preservation of the Hohengeroldseck Castle Ruins since 1958. V. supervised. The first maintenance measures were carried out as early as 1883. “At the beginning of the 1950s, a new spiral staircase was installed in the tower of the rear hall”. The ruin was in 2005 by the National Association Badische home named as "cultural heritage of the country" and the Memorial Foundation of Baden-Wuerttemberg for " Monument of the Month June 2010" appointed. In 2011 and 2013 extensive renovation measures were implemented. The renovation costs since 1996 have been around € 824,544.94.
investment
The castle, of which the approx. 10 meter high outer walls (lower castle) and the main building (upper castle) have been preserved, represents the type of towerless tower house castle and is a striking eye-catcher, especially from the Kinzig valley.
Without the porch, the castle had an extension of 95 by 50 meters. The curtain wall had a battlement with loopholes and was 2.10 meters thick. The two main buildings erected on a porphyry rock were about 50 meters long and a maximum of 20 meters wide. They were separated by a courtyard. The facade of the Ritterhaus, a four- story hall , has largely been preserved. On the second floor there was an 80 square meter knight's hall .
literature
- Christoph Bühler: The rulership of Geroldseck: Studies on their formation, their composition and the family history of the Geroldseck in the Middle Ages . (= Publication of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg, Series B Research, Vol. 96). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-17-005147-4 .
- Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and neighboring areas, Volume 2 . Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1987, ISBN 3-87799-075-4 , pp. 35-38.
- Thomas Foerster: The capture of Hohengeroldseck Castle in 1486 . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 152 (2004), pp. 165–187.
- Franz Xaver Steinhart: The Hohengeroldseck castle ruins . In: Die Ortenau : Journal of the Historical Association for Central Baden, Issue 21: Castles and Palaces of Central Baden , 1934, pp. 337–383 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Karl List: Hohengeroldseck Castle . In: Hugo Schneider (Ed.): Burgen und Schlösser in Mittelbaden , The Ortenau: Journal of the Historisches Verein für Mittelbaden, Volume 64. Verlag des Historisches Verein für Mittelbaden, Offenburg 1984, pp. 323-335 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Oskar Kohler: Geroldseck under the Lords of Cronberg and von der Leyen and the end of rule . In: Die Ortenau 43rd annual volume, 1963, pp. 72–97 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Volume 7 (Offenburg district), Tübingen 1908, pp. 106–121 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library ).
- Alfred Siefert: The neighbor on the right bank of the Rhine to the Hohkönigsburg in Alsace, Hohengeroldseck Castle in Ortenau. In: Association for the Preservation of German Castles (Ed.): Der Burgwart: Bulletin of the German Burgenvereinigung eV for the protection of historical fortifications, castles and residential buildings , Volume 2, 1900–1901, pp. 25–30 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library ).
Web links
- Entry on Geroldseck in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Homepage of the Association for the Preservation of the Hohengeroldseck Castle Ruins
- Geroldsecker Land at landeskunde-online.de
- The Hohen-Geroldseck Castle near Lahr near leo-bw.de
- Hohengeroldseck Castle at badischewanderungen.de.tl
- Hohengeroldseck at schloesser-bawue.de.tl
- Geroldseck at landesarchiv-bw.de
- Hohengeroldseck Castle at burgenarchiv.de
- 3D model of the Hohengeroldseck castle ruins at sketchfab.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ * January 29, 1629, † April 1, 1692; see entry at geneall.net ; Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book. Three volumes. Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1898–1919. Here Volume 2, p. 386 ( digital copy from Heidelberg University Library ).
- ↑ See Kohler pp. 72–73.
- ^ Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravlichen old princely house of Baden . Fourth part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1770, p. 582-584 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library .
- ↑ See Heiko Wagner: Odenwald or Ortenau - the oldest representation of Hohengeroldseck Castle? In: Die Ortenau, 81st annual volume, 2001, pp. 649–657.
- ↑ See EBIDAT.
- ↑ Otto Piper : Castle Studies. Construction and history of castles. Reprint of the 1912 edition. Weltbild-Buchverlag, Munich 1992, expansion of Hohengeroldseck Castle in 1693: image 617 on p. 615, ISBN 3-89350-554-7 .