St. Stephan (Würzburg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Stephan, Evangelical deanery church

St. Stephan , also known as St. Stephen's Church, has been the first Protestant church in Würzburg that has existed for a long time since 1803 . It goes back to the monastery church of a Benedictine convent of St. Stephan, which was dissolved by secularization. A few years earlier, the old building of the monastery church had been largely demolished in 1788/89 and a new building built according to plans by Johann Philipp Geigel . The old building with the associated monastery buildings goes back to the year 1014, namely to a former collegiate monastery of St. Peter and Paul, which was converted into a Benedictine monastery by Bishop Adalbero in 1057 . After relics of St. Stephen were transferred, it was only named after him, while the name of St. Peter and Paul was transferred to the new parish church . The monastery buildings were used profanely after 1803, completely destroyed and demolished in 1945. The government of Lower Franconia took on new buildings . The church was rebuilt in 1949–1955 as a flat-roofed hall, consecrated in 1952 and is now the dean's church in Würzburg. In addition to the already existing YMCA , facilities such as the Rudolf-Alexander-Schröder-Haus , a Protestant bookstore and a Diakonie counseling center were built around the church from 1963 , which made the place the Protestant center of Würzburg.

history

St. Stephan was founded by Bishop Heinrich I of Würzburg (996-1018) as a canon monastery. The transition to the monastery took place under Bishop Adalbero (bishop from 1045-1077 / 90) in 1057; the church was an abbey church ever since. This year the canons moved to the newly founded Neumünster Collegiate Foundation . The first mention of St. Stephen as the monastery patron took place in the deed of donation from 1108. In the first years the monastery was a double monastery . The existence of the women's convent in St. Stephan as well as the St. Afra monastery can be proven even before 1151. A hermitage of pious women was attached to St. Stephen's monastery , which was first mentioned in 1239 and was located at the southern end of today's Augustinerstraße next to the Georgstor (also called Jörgentor) by the Georgskapelle (later the Georgskapelle was integrated into the Augustinian monastery of St. Georg ). The nuns moved from St. Stephan to St. Afra at the end of the 12th century (on the Afra monastery, see also Kilianeum ). Efforts by the monastery for imperial freedom at the beginning of the 15th century failed. The economic crisis of the monastery in the second half of the 16th century was followed by rapid consolidation until the beginning of the 17th century. The monastery was dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization .

In the same year St. Stephan, the most modern church in the city of Würzburg at the time, became the first Protestant parish church in Würzburg. On November 3, 1803, the decision was made “In the church of the former Benedictine abbey at St. Stephen, a separate Protestant service should be set up for the university, the military and the other Protestant residents of the city”. In December, the church was an electoral decree confirmed the pastor Karl Heinrich Fuchs and his congregation left, which already in 1802 Protestant Feldgottesdienst and in the chapel of the former in April 1803 Carthusian monastery at today Mainfrankentheater had held evangelical community church services (in addition to office, he worked as an associate professor of Protestant theology). The parish and a school were housed in the monastery buildings, and in 1816 the orthopedic institute of Johann Georg Heine , later renamed the Karolinen Institute. The Protestant congregation, which was assigned to the renewed Carthusian monastery church from 1811 to 1816, received the Stephanskirche again with a decree of June 26, 1816. One of the best-known members of the community is Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, who gave the Oktoberfest meadow its name .

During the renovation work in 1875, the university made the new church available to the Protestant community. Because of the sensation caused by the Catholics, the first service was held there under military protection.

building

1789 replaced the monks under Abbot Gerhard III. von Winterstein replaced the Romanesque basilica with a new classical building, built by Johann Philipp Geigel .

In the bombing of Würzburg on March 16, 1945 , the church was completely destroyed and rebuilt after the topping-out ceremony on May 30, 1951 to 1956 under dean and senior church councilor Wilhelm Schwinn (1905–1974). In 1952 the Stephanskirche, for whose congregation the Martin Luther Church in Frauenland was built in 1949 , was consecrated. The outside was originally reconstructed, inside the artistically decorated columns by Materno Bossi and the cornice above the windows were restored, the chancel was designed with choir stalls, and the crypt and St. Michael's Chapel were rebuilt. In 1840 parts of the building became the seat of the government of Lower Franconia . Since 1954, the crucifixion group by the Munich artist Helmut Ammann has been the center of the choir.

  • Exterior view

  • View from the gallery

  • View of the organ

  • Gallery with organ

  • crypt

  • Glass picture in the crypt

  • Baptismal font

organ

The large organ was built in 1982 by the organ builder Friedrich Weigle . The instrument was only partially completed in 1982. Between 2014 and 2015 the organ was renovated by the organ building company Richard Rensch ( Lauffen ) and the missing parts were completed. The organ has 51  stops on three manual works and a pedal . The game contractures which are mechanically, Registertrakturen mechanically and electrically.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Pommer 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Pointed flute 8th'
4th Viol flute 8th'
5. Octave 4 ′
6th Coupling flute 4 ′
7th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. octave 2 ′
9. Cornet V 8th'
10. Mixture V 2 ′
11. Zimbel III 1 ⁄ 2 ′
12. Trumpet 8th'
II breastwork C – g 3
13. Paddock 8th'
14th Quintad 8th'
15th Principal 4 ′
16. recorder 4 ′
17th Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
18th octave 2 ′
19th Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Scharff IV 2 ⁄ 3 ′
21st Rankett 16 ′
22nd Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – g 3
23. Burdon 16 ′
24. Violin principal 8th'
25th Harmony flute 8th'
26th Dumped 8th'
27. Salicional 8th'
28. Vox celeste from c ° 8th'
29 Prestant 4 ′
30th flute 4 ′
31. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
32. Flautino 2 ′
33. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
34. Mixture III / V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
35. bassoon 16 ′
36. Trumpet harmonique 8th'
37. oboe 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
38. Pedestal 32 ′
39. Principal 16 ′
40. Sub-bass 16 ′
41. Fifth bass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
42. Octave bass 8th'
43. Dumped 8th'
44. Major third 6 2 ⁄ 5  ′
45. Chorale bass 4 ′
46. Bass flute 4 ′
47. Octave 2 ′
48. Mixture V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
49. trombone 16 ′
50. Trumpet 8th'
51. Clarine 4 ′
  • Coupling : Coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

Bells

The bells of St. Stephen are very famous for their melodious sound.

Bells 2 and 3 are Silesian borrowed bells, bell 4 was hung in the Deutschhauskirche during World War II and survived it.

The two middle ones hang in the south tower (right), the large and small in the north tower.

Surname Chime Caster Casting year Weight / kg Diameter / mm inscription
1 Big bell h ° -3 Czudnochowsky / Erding 1951 2290 1600 “After the destruction of the Stephanuskirche in Würzburg on March 16, 1945, I was re-cast in 1951. Glory to God in the highest!"
2 Second bell cis`-3 A. Geittner / Sons Breslau 1924 1727 1420 “Holy, Holy, Holy! Eternal God lets you be invited to his sanctuary with great gifts of grace. Hear, O man, bow your heart to him and strive towards heaven on earth. "
3 Our Father Bell e`-1 Christian L. Pühler / Gnadenberger bell foundry 1835 862 1180 "Love should rule you / My voice utters both joy and sorrow / It sounds the last slumber / It calls into the house of God / Tristitiam leniens funera vestra sequor"
4th Baptismal bell g sharp + 4 unmarked 13th century 1152 1170

Abbots of St. Stephen

  • Ekbert (Abbot of Münsterschwarzach since 1047, not documented for St. Stephan)
  • Rupert (not documented)
  • Fridericus (not documented)
  • Ezzo, 1094-1124 / 1125
  • Henry I, 1125, 1127
  • Beringer de Foro, 1131-1144
  • Raphold, 1144-1165 / 1166
  • Heinrich II., 1166–1179 / 1180
  • Herold, 1188-1199
  • Iring, (not documented, but mentioned as prior in 1198 and 1202 )
  • Heinrich III., 1212-1217
  • Gotfried, 1217-1219
  • Henry IV, 1219, 1224
  • Frederick I, 1227, 1259
  • Dietrich von Brünnstadt ( Frankenwinheim ), 1259
  • Heinrich V. Heubner, 1261–1271, † after 1288
  • Hermann I. von Rottenbauer , 1271–1297
  • Conrad I of Retzstadt , 1298, 1304
  • Hartmud, 1306-1312
  • Hartung, 1306–1312 (not documented, possibly confused with Hartung from Greßhausen)
  • Friedrich II. From Wipfeld , 1313–1335
  • Henry VI. from Waltershausen , 1336, 1341
  • Ludwig I. von Thüngen , 1343–1344
  • Hermann II. , 1344-1357
  • Friedrich III. from Münster, 1361, 1378
  • Friedrich IV of Salzburg , 1381, 1382
  • Otto Truchseß, 1387, 1394
  • Hermann III., 1395
  • Gerhard I. Klinkhart, 1404-1432
  • Berthold Gunther, 1432-1465
  • Conrad II from Lengerit, 1465–1473
  • Georg Salzkästner, 1473–1496
  • Conrad III. Herloch from Külsheim, 1496–1519
  • Petrus [Pius] Faut from Miltenberg 1519–1525
  • Michael I. Leyser from Mergentheim , 1525–1548
  • Jodocus Zimmermann from Schweinfurt , 1548–1560
  • Michael II. Bernhart from Mellrichstadt , 1560–1581
  • Kilian I. Lantz from Würzburg, 1581–1590, 1598–1606
  • Johannes Burkard , Abbot of Banz and Schwarzach, administrator 1590–1598
  • Kilian II. Gullemann from Heidingsfeld , 1609–1615
  • Erhard Irthel from Saal, 1615–1619
  • Johannes Baunach from Gerolzhofen , 1615–1627
  • Andreas Streublein from Frickenhausen , 1627–1645
  • Maurus Faber from Dettelbach , 1646–1661
  • Benedikt Gerhard from Stetten, 1661–1667
  • Eucharius Weiner from Kissingen , 1667–1701
  • Gerhard II Dietmayer from Würzburg, 1701–1704
  • Hyacinth Baumbach from Fladungen , 1704–1713
  • Alberich Ebenhöch from Eibelstadt , 1713–1727
  • Romanus Remscheid from Freudenberg, 1727–1762
  • Justus Philippi from Mittelstreu, April 15–9. July 1762
  • Maternus Bauermees from Würzburg, 1762–1787
  • Gerhard III. Winterstein from Kissingen, 1787–1803 († 1805)

literature

  • Rainer Leng (Ed.): The Benedictine monastery of St. Stephan in Würzburg (= historical studies of the University of Würzburg, volume 4). VML Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden 2006, ISBN 3-89646-836-7 .
  • Martin Elze: The Evangelical Lutheran Church. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 482-494 and 1305 f.

Web links

Commons : St. Stephan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Elze (2007), p. 492 f.
  2. ^ Peter Kolb: The hospital and health system. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2 (I: From the beginnings to the outbreak of the Peasant War. 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1465-4 ; II: From the Peasant War 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria 1814. 2004, ISBN 3 -8062-1477-8 ; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 ), Theiss, Stuttgart 2001–2007, Volume 1, 2001, p 386-409 and 647-653, here: p. 399.
  3. ^ Franz Xaver von Wegele: History of the University of Wirzburg. Part 2: Document book. Würzburg 1882; New print Aalen 1969, Volume 2, p. 478.
  4. ↑ Martin Elze (2007), p. 482 f.
  5. ↑ Martin Elze (2007), p. 485 f.
  6. ↑ Martin Elze (2007), p. 490.
  7. ↑ Martin Elze (2007), p. 492 f.
  8. ↑ Information about the organ on the municipality's website
  9. ↑ Bells of St. Stephan Würzburg. bell time, accessed on July 16, 2016 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '22.2 "  N , 9 ° 56' 5.4"  E