City Archives Kiel

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City Archives Kiel

Kiel Town Hall: Seat of the Kiel City Archives
Kiel Town Hall: Seat of the Kiel City Archives
Archive type Municipal Archives
Coordinates 54 ° 19 '21 "  N , 10 ° 7' 57"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 19 '21 "  N , 10 ° 7' 57"  E
place Kiel
Visitor address Fleethörn 9, 24103 Kiel
founding 1907
scope 6000 running meters Archival material
Age of the archive material 1259 - today
ISIL DE-476
carrier State capital Kiel
Website www.kiel.de/stadtarchiv

The Kiel city archive documents the history of the state capital Kiel in its holdings . Together with the City and Maritime Museum, it forms an institute in the Office for Culture and Further Education of the State Capital Kiel. It takes documents from the Kiel city administration, saves them and makes them accessible in the reading room and digitally. The photo archive in the Kiel city archive is one of the largest municipal photo collections in Germany. The legal basis for the activities of the City Archives are the State Archives Act Schleswig-Holstein and the usage and fee statutes of the City Archives Kiel.

Jurisdiction

The Kiel City Archives are legally responsible for the official documents of the state capital Kiel. This also includes documents from incorporated localities and from private and affiliated companies. The city archive also collects documents of all kinds that are of particular value for the city's history. These can be archives of associations, companies, photographers or personalities, for example.

Stocks

The holdings of the city archive include a total of around 6,000 meters of shelf space . It stores documents, files, official books, maps and plans, photo materials and digital documents. It also maintains an urban history library with around 30,000 volumes. It thus offers access to documents from all periods of the city's history.

Certificates

Oldest document from the Kiel City Archives: grazing privilege from 1259

The stock of documents includes around 740 numbers. About half of the valuable document holdings up to 1600 were lost when they were removed from storage during World War II and have only been handed down in copies. The oldest document, the grazing privilege from 1259, is a contract for the donation of a meadow by the Counts of Holstein to the city.

Protocols and Official Books

The inventory of the minutes and official books mainly contains minutes of the meetings of the city councils, committees, commissions and courts, but also city and account books , personal tax lists and civil status documents . The minutes of today's council meeting will also be placed in the official books. Here you can find, among other things, the oldest Kiel city book, which began in 1264. The protocols of the four-city court are particularly important nationwide: with the four-city court, Frederick I of Denmark (1471–1533) created an appeal court for the Duchy of Holstein in 1496, thus replacing the appeal to the Oberhof in Lübeck. The four-city court was occupied by councilors from Kiel (chair), Itzehoe, Oldesloe and Rendsburg.

City administration files

Documents in the Kiel city archive

Files of the Kiel city administration start in the 16th century and are the largest archive holdings to this day. In the archive system, a distinction is made between the historical archive with files up to 1945 and the new archive with files after 1945. The historical archive also contains files from the Kiel guilds. Files are also received from the city's own and affiliated companies. The most important holdings here are the older records from the Kiel municipal utilities .

Incorporated localities

The administrative files of most of the incorporated places were kept closed and could be transferred to the city archive. Minutes of the community meetings, invoices, civil status documents and personal tax lists of the incorporated villages are also kept in the registry department. These are the following holdings: Brunswik (1869), Wik (1893), Gaarden (1901), Gaarden-Ost , Ellerbek , Wellingdorf , Hassee , Hasseldieksdamm (1910), Holtenau , Pries and Friedrichsort (1922), Neumühlen-Dietrichsdorf ( 1924), Elmschenhagen (1939), Suchsdorf (1958), Schilksee (1959), Russee and Amt Moorsee with Moorsee , Wellsee , Meimersdorf and Rönne (1970). The community registers were largely lost or were divided up within the city administration (e.g. Suchsdorf and Russee) for only a few incorporated places.

Photo archive

The city archive of Kiel has an extensive photo archive, which is estimated at around 2 million pictures and which makes up the profile of the archive. Individual holdings were purchased by the Society for Kiel City History. The photo archive comprises a large number of negatives that are gradually being digitized and made accessible. The most important stocks are:

  • 2.1 Urban photo station: Approx. 8,000 glass plates , 18,000 slides and 120,000 negatives from the urban photo station document the urban development of Kiel from the end of the 19th century.
  • 2.3 Friedrich Magnussen (born January 22, 1914 in Kiel; † October 30, 1987 in Kiel):
    Friedrich Magnussen
    Working as a press photographer for Kieler Nachrichten, Friedrich Magnussen documented the events of the political and everyday life of the city of Kiel from numerous perspectives during the post-war period, the reconstruction and the economic miracle. This pool of images, unique for Kiel, comprises around 500,000 negatives (1948–1987).
  • 2.4 Hermann Nafzger's photo estate (* April 21, 1914 in Kiel; † February 18, 1995 in Kiel): As a press photographer, Hermann Nafzger documented the local history of Kiel from the post-war period (until 1977), especially everyday life, with his over 200,000 photos and the trade, as well as the reconstruction period. From 1948, Nafzger ran the first paint laboratory in Schleswig-Holstein.
  • 2.5 Picture estate Wilhelm Schäfer (born November 13, 1872 in Gravenstein , † 2 January 1948 in Kiel): The Marine photographer documented including the warships of the Royal Prussian Navy (from 1848-1871), the Imperial Navy (1871-1918), the Imperial Navy (1922–1935) and the Kriegsmarine (1935–1945). This resulted in around 6,000 recordings (glass plate negatives), which represent an important fund of marine history in Germany. In addition, numerous Kiel city views from the 1910s-1930s were created.
  • 2.6 Photo legacy Erika Haendler-Krah (born October 20, 1893 in Eckernförde ; † July 19, 1979 in Kiel): Working as a photographer for the Kiel City Theater , Erika Haendler-Krah documented the plays of the seasons of the opera house, the theater and the state theater and the Low German stage . In addition, she portrayed actresses and actors from theater life and other personalities. A unique fund of theater history in Kiel with around 150,000 negatives, glass plates, photos (1944–1977).
  • 2.9 Photo bequest of Helmut Beckmann (born April 4, 1926 in Kiel; † March 22, 2007 in Kiel): As a sports photographer, Helmut Beckmann documented the sporting events in Kiel and the surrounding area for various Kiel newspapers - such as the 1972 Olympic competitions or the Kiel Week. The estate includes around 140,000 negatives (1958–1990).
  • 2.10 Bildvorlass Joachim Thode (* 1942 in Hamburg ): Rehearsals of the Kiel Theater (opera, drama, studio, ballet and youth theater) and the Low German stage were the main motifs of the Kiel photographer Joachim Thode, in addition to photos of the east bank and Kiel bunkers. In total, the original image comprises around 450,000 negatives (1974–2003).
  • 2.20 Photo bequest of Rudolf Schenck (born May 9, 1907 in Kiel, † 1981 in Kiel): The press photographer mainly took sports and everyday photos in the immediate post-war period.

Collections of around 7000 Kiel postcards and around 450 photo albums complete the holdings of the photo archive.

Holdings of other institutions, authorities and associations

In addition to the municipal holdings, the city archive also has holdings from other institutions, authorities and associations. Particularly important stocks are:

  • Church archive : The older records of the city consistory and the pastorates and church juries of St. Nikolai and the Church of the Holy Spirit include 1373 archives from 1334 to 1906.
  • Gut Seekamp / Stift : For centuries, the estate was the center of power for the districts north of the Kiel Canal Holtenau, Pries-Friedrichsort and Schilksee. The estate archive came into the hands of the city when the city bought the estate in 1929. It comprises 128 archive items from 1714 to 1892.
  • Kiel City Monastery : Foundation for the operation of care facilities, which goes back to the Heiligengeistspital founded in 1257. Founded in 1820 from four predecessor foundations (Heiligeneistkloster, Jürgenkloster, St. Anne's and Erasmikloster); the inventory comprises 591 archive items from 1563 to 1999.
  • Society of voluntary poor friends: founded in 1792, the society took on central tasks of social welfare, u. a. by maintaining workhouses, job placement, social assistance, people's kitchens, setting up leased gardens, but also founding the Kiel savings and loan fund , public libraries and newspapers. The holdings comprise 1118 archive items from 1770 to 1960.
  • Society Harmony: Most important social association of the urban bourgeoisie, founded in 1800; the holdings include 78 archive items from 1800 to 1896.
  • Schleswig-Holstein City Association: Association of Schleswig-Holstein cities, predecessor of the Schleswig-Holstein City Association. The holdings include 177 archive items from 1873 to 1946.
  • Turnverein Hassee-Winterbek (THW) Kiel: In the THW Kiel, founded in 1909, handball has been played since 1923; the club is known today as the record champion in handball. The holdings include 63 archive items from 1919 to 2003.
  • Corps Holsatia : The oldest corps at Christian Albrechts University was founded in 1823. The holdings include 187 archive items from 1823 to 1965.

Zeitzeichen association: Archive of the new social movements

An outstanding special collection in the Kiel City Archive is the archive of the new social movements, which the Zeitzeichen Association has been collecting since 1992 and donated to the Kiel City Archive in 2003. The extensive collection of leaflets, pamphlets and other materials documents the social movements that emerged around 1968, from which topics such as school and student protests, political resistance and terrorism, squatting, anti-racism and the beginnings of the environmental, women's and peace movements can be explored. The holdings include 1154 archive items from 1952 to 2003.

Kiel Code of Luebian Law

Kiel Code of Luebian Law

The most important individual item in the holdings of the Kiel City Archives is the Kiel Code of Lübeck Law (call number 79413). The richly decorated manuscript was created in Lübeck around 1282 and was continued there until around 1350. It is the oldest tradition of the Middle Low German city law of Lübeck and served as a template for all other codes of Lübeck law. The codex belonged to the Lübeck council and only came into the possession of the Kiel magistrate in the 18th century. After the war was outsourced, the code was considered lost, but was returned to Kiel from an archive in Armenia in 2003.

history

Since the city was founded, the council has systematically kept the most important documents. The document archive formed the basis of the later city archive.

First order by Asmus Bremer

The mayor of Kiel Asmus Bremer (* before 1652; † July 31, 1720 in Kiel), who created an alphabetical subject index for the archive, brought order to the municipal archive for the first time. Bremer also created a chronicle of special incidents and handed down numerous documents in writing. In the period that followed, the archive repeatedly got into disarray, and an order and update of the registrant was requested in 1766 by the General-Landes- und Öconomie-Improvement-Directorium. In 1769 the magistrate presented a new registrant.

Foundation of the city archive

The Society for Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg History, which began work on a document book for the city of Kiel in 1873, provided an important impetus for founding the city archive. In this context, she complained to the magistrate about the inadequate order and retention of the documents and was able to get a historian to work for the document archive on a temporary basis. In 1873/74 Paul Hasse (* June 8, 1847 in Lübeck, † April 30, 1907 in Lübeck) ordered the Kiel document archive and made copies. However, under particular pressure to organize the archive, the Kiel magistrate only came through the Wiker port trial, which the city of Kiel conducted against the naval treasury from 1899 to 1904 in order to enforce municipal property rights in the port of Kiel. During the course of the process, the city had to submit numerous historical documents dating back to the founding of the city. The lack of support for the archive had a negative impact. The city lost the process, among other things, because the original city charter was no longer available. The establishment of the city archive was a direct result of this experience. The year 1907 was the founding year of the city archive as an independent scientific institution, when Franz Gundlach (born November 23, 1871 in Kassel ; † February 2, 1941 in Kassel) was hired for the first time as a trained archivist for the city archive. In 1911 the city archives moved to the newly built town hall on Neumarkt. There it was given rooms in the town hall tower, which it still uses today.

Outsourcing and losses in World War II

After Franz Gundlach's retirement in 1933, Willy Andreas Ziegenbein (born November 30, 1908 in Kiel, † June 1, 1993 in Kiel), councilor and important confidante of the NSDAP mayor, took over the management of the city archives in addition to numerous other offices. The city archives were not operational again until 1939 when the lawyer Hedwig Sievert (born May 7, 1907 in Kiel; † January 20, 1980 in Kiel) was hired as city archivist.

Reading room of the City Archives 1973

Sievert organized the relocation of archive material to protect against air raids. In 1942 she was able to store the oldest and most valuable holdings in the house of the mayor of Putlitz in Brandenburg . Further archives from Kiel were transported to Dresden in 1942, to a mine near Heilbronn in 1944 and to Gut Schönweide in 1945 . In 1945 the Red Army set up a military hospital in the house of the Putlitz mayor. A Putlitz merchant was able to retrieve around half of the archive material stored there from the cellar of the house, who then took care of the repatriation until 1947. The remaining archives are still missing today, only a few pieces have been found and returned.

digitalization

The City Archive of Kiel has been publishing its finding aids online since 2012 and makes them available on archive portal D. It systematically digitizes, especially in the photo archive, and publishes, as far as legally possible, the digitized material and metadata under free licenses. The online photo archive has been online since 2015 and contains around 40,000 digitized photos. Around 28,000 digital copies from Friedrich Magnussen's holdings are also available on Wikimedia . The City Archive of Kiel is committed to the open access principle to cultural heritage.

Web links

Commons : Stadtarchiv Kiel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Library catalog of the Kiel City Archives in the GBV
  2. ^ Entries in the Index Librorum Civitatum
  3. ↑ Digitization at the Munich Digitization Center
  4. ↑ The oldest judgment book of the Holstein four-city court 1497–1574, ed. by Franz Gundlach, Kiel 1925.
  5. ↑ Reference to further literature in the manuscript census
  6. ^ Gustav Korlén, Norddeutsche Stadtrechte, Vol. II: The Middle Low German city law of Lübeck according to its oldest forms (Lunder German Research 23), Lund / Copenhagen 1951, pp. 17-21.
  7. ↑ Chronicon Kiliense tragicum-curiosum 1432-1717. The chronicle of the Asmus Bremen mayor of Kiel, ed. by Moritz Stern (communications from the Society for Kiel City History 18/19), Kiel 1916.
  8. ^ Franz Gundlach, On the history of the Kiel city archive. At the same time the first report on the city archives for the period from January 1, 1907 to March 31, 1909, Kiel 1909, pp. 1–12.
  9. ↑ Gundlach, Zur Geschichte, pp. 17–23.
  10. ^ Files on the port process of the city of Kiel (1899–1904), ed. by Carl Rodenberg (Communications from the Society for Kiel City History 23), Kiel 1908.
  11. ↑ Johannes Rosenplänter, Lost in Putlitz (Prignitz). How the Kiel City Archive moved its treasures to Brandenburg, found them again and in some cases is still looking for them, in: Brandenburgische Archive 30 (2013) , pp. 63–65.