City Church of the Holy Spirit (Nidda)

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Church from the northeast
Church from the southwest

The Evangelical City Church of the Holy Spirit in Nidda in the Wetterau district ( Hesse ) is a Renaissance church that was built between 1615 and 1617. It consists of a massive choir tower in the south and a hall church with a steep pitched roof and two-storey window arrangement in the manner of a large town house. The town church is one of the first Lutheran sermon churches in Upper Hesse and is important for the further development of Protestant church building. The building defines the townscape and is a Hessian cultural monument for artistic, scientific and historical reasons .

history

Valentin Wagner : View of Niddas from the southeast (1633), left Johanniterkirche, right town church and castle
The interior designed as a sermon church with a view of the choir
Interior facing north

In the Middle Ages, in addition to the parish church (the later Johanniterkirche), which was outside the city and was given to the Johanniterkommende in 1187 , there was also the castle chapel and a Marienkapelle at the southwest corner of the market square. A St. Wendel chapel outside the city was demolished after the Reformation was introduced. Nidda was ecclesiastically assigned to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the Archdiocese of Mainz in the Friedberg deanery . The Marienkapelle was first mentioned in a document in 1321. Since the foundation of a Catherine altar in 1464, it has been called the Katharinenkapelle.

With the introduction of the Reformation , the parish changed to the Protestant creed. The first pastor of the new faith was Johannes Pistorius von Nidda (1526–1580).

From 1605 negotiations were held about an extension of the old chapel, but the plans were abandoned in 1614 and a new building was decided. Because in the year 1614 the “Kapeln ufm Markt” was so missing that “it should be researched that it would leave in a short time and fall over the heap”. The demolition took place in the winter of 1614/1615. Landgrave Ludwig V donated the land for the new church building, which was located directly in front of the castle within the city, on April 28, 1615. Jakob Wustmann is believed to be behind the “princely master builder and master craftsman”. The city won a "famous carpenter zu Hanaw" for the new building. The masonry work was carried out in 1615 by Ulrich de Fonesto, who ran away when, after the work was completed in the summer of 1616, construction defects appeared on the foundation and cracks appeared, so that, on the advice of the Mainz master craftsman, it was decided in 1616, “the whole Thurn undt Piece of the church completely and even to discard and to let erbawen on the ground of newem ". Due to this delay, the church was not completed until 1617 after three years. The inauguration took place on May 3, 1618. Since then the church has remained largely unchanged.

At the end of the 1620s, the church received two bells from Claude Brochar from Lorraine, which were financed by the count and the entire parish . The church was renovated for the first time in 1717, the tower and roof were repaired in 1769 and a new organ was installed in 1781. In 1871 the stone floor of the church was raised, and in 1905 the central, cracked bell was replaced. In 1917 two bells for the armaments industry were delivered and replaced in 1924, all three bells were collected and melted down in 1942 and new ones were cast in 1949. The organ was replaced in 1935 and renewed in 1960; the old prospectus was preserved.

During an extensive exterior and interior renovation in 1928, the choir was separated by a board wall according to plans by the monument conservator Heinrich Walbe and served as a sacristy . The organ was placed on a high gallery above the altar and pulpit. Another renovation followed between 1956 and 1962, during which the choir was exposed and the organ was moved to the north gallery. The pulpit was put back on the right pillar. A church renovation was carried out in 1983/1984 and the stucco ceiling was restored in 1985. Ceiling, walls, wooden columns and gallery balustrade received their original again amended . Since then, three ring anchors have secured the building. The portals were given glass porches . Four load-bearing wooden columns were replaced and their foundations reinforced. In 2008/2009 the church was renovated.

architecture

Renaissance portal on the east side with the year 1685

The church in the city center does not face east , but faces north-south. The masonry is plastered white on the outside and inside, with the corner blocks, garments and portal decorations, cornices and other dividing elements made of red sandstone have been left out.

The church is designed as a Protestant sermon church and is considered the oldest hall church in Hesse. It finds its role models in the Protestant castle churches of Torgau and Schmalkalden . The only thing that differentiates the church from a secular town house is its tower. The wide hall building has a steep, sloped gable roof and is dominated on the long sides by a two-storey window arrangement. The reveals of the rectangular double windows have segmental arches on the inside. In the north gable side, which is divided by a cornice, the central portal is flanked by two very high rectangular windows that span the two floors. There is a small round window above the north portal and a small rectangular window above it. The gable triangle has three rectangular windows and a small round window in the extreme tip. The double window on the east side shows the family coat of arms of the Krugen von Nidda from 1597 and 1897 and goes back to a foundation of the history association. The exterior is quite simply designed, only the two arched portals with their profiled walls and roofs have some decorations in the Renaissance style. The carved door leaves have old fittings. The eastern door bears the inscription "IOHANES MERCKEL SCHREINER 1685".

The walled-up tower shaft does not reach the height of the roof ridge of the nave, which makes the tower appear too low in comparison with the high nave. It is possible that it was not completely removed in 1616 or not fully listed again. A surrounding cornice divides the tower on a square floor plan into two floors. The tower hall on the ground floor serves as a choir and is illuminated on each of the free-standing sides through a high rectangular window, the upper floor through a rectangular double window and a round arched window above. Inside, a large pointed arch opens the choir to the nave. The slated tower structure changes from the basic quadrangular shape into an octagonal lantern with arched sound holes . The small Welsche hood with a small pointed helmet is crowned by a tower knob, cross and weathercock. The bell chamber houses a triple bell. The bells were cast by the Rincker company in 1949 (a sharp 1 , c sharp 2 , dis 2 , all slightly deepened). The polygonal stair tower on the east side of the tower, which is accessed through an ogival door with a chamfered bevel , does not reach the height of the eaves. A stair tower is integrated into the west side of the ship, which enables access to the gallery.

Furnishing

Stucco ceiling
Pulpit
crucifix
Baptismal font
Christ figure
window
teacher's desk

The interior is closed off by a stuccoed flat ceiling with three longitudinal beams that rest on wooden pillars that enclose a three-sided gallery. The gallery parapets have coffered panels. The gallery supports are eight-sided, while the ceiling is supported by four round oak columns. The white stucco ceiling shows rich geometric decorations and medallions. In the middle two stucco fields it is decorated with the polychrome coats of arms of Landgrave Ludwig V and his wife Magdalena von Brandenburg . They are framed by writing friezes: "SACRA DEO DOMVS HAEC LVDOVICO PRINCIPE FACTA EST HANC VT ET HVNC DEXTRA PROTEGE CHRISTE TVA" (This house consecrated to God was built under Landgrave Ludwig. Christ protect it and him with your rights) and "MAGDALIS ILLVSTR LVDOVICI PRINCIPIS VXOR BRANDENBVRGIACO STEMMATE NATA FVIT “(Magdalena, wife of the illustrious Landgrave Ludwig, was born of the Brandenburg family). The neighboring quatrains show twice a gold-plated double-headed eagle with a silver crown as a symbol of the empire and as a symbol for the self-sacrificing love of Christ a pelican with his young, around whose feet a snake coils. The year in the inscription "1616 MORTVOS VIVIFICO" (I bring the dead to life). obviously indicates the year of death of the landgrave. Stucco work is also attached below the gallery. The same working method as in the churches in Niederweisel and Wohnbach suggests the same workshop.

In the west wall of the choir there is a rectangular niche that is closed with an iron door. The almost life-size crucifix of the three-nail type behind the sandstone altar in the choir dates from the beginning of the 17th century. The cross title INRI appears in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. The cafeteria plate was renewed in 1985 when the altar was moved a little forward. The pulpit of an unknown woodcarver, richly decorated with fittings , was donated in 1616 by bailiff Arnold Schwartz and his wife Margreta von Haubitz. It rests on a bulbous, round stone column with a six-sided base. The pulpit fields are structured in the corners by figures of Paul and the four evangelists with their symbols . The fields show the two coats of arms of the donors, the risen Christ and a tablet. The sound cover bears an inscription with the Bible word from Isa 49,23  LUT . The cup-shaped baptismal font made of sandstone with four reliefs of winged angel heads is marked with the year 1647. It rests on a round column, the base of which is made up of two convex bulges and two fillets in between . The wooden lectern from 1738 comes from Burgbracht and was given to the community by the regional church in 1962. On the left of the triumphal arch is a wood-carved baroque figure depicting Christ on his ascension to heaven, donated in 1928.

The wooden church stalls with curved cheeks leave a central aisle free. The floor is covered with slabs of red sandstone, in the area of ​​the chairs with a wooden floor. Behind the crucifix, in the sloping window, is the tombstone of Roland Krug († 1617), who was originally buried in the Johanneskirche.

organ

Organ brochure from 1781

The first organ was built on a choir gallery in 1621 and moved to the north gallery in 1662. It is attributed to Georg Wagner . When the community bought a new organ in 1781, the old one was probably sold to Rodenbach . The new, single-manual instrument by Johann Andreas Heinemann had 14 stops on a manual and pedal.

In 1935 the Lich company Förster & Nicolaus built a new organ with 22 stops and two manuals behind the old prospectus. In the course of moving to the north gallery, the same company built a new interior work with 18 registers in 1960 using old pipes. The inauguration took place in 1961.

For the 400th anniversary of the town church in 2018, Hermann Eule Orgelbau Bautzen built a new organ. The rococo prospectus is structured in five axes. The middle case comes from Heinemann. An elevated spire is flanked by two flat fields. Outside there are two large round towers with harp fields and gilded, openwork tendrils as blind wings. The new organ from 2018 is built in the Hessian-Central German Baroque style and has 24 stops on two manual works and pedal as well as three pre-prints in the manual works and four transmissions in the pedal; the instrument weighs about 5 tons. The slider chest instrument has a mechanical action . Of the total of 1669 pipes, 75 are in the front of the prospectus (the violin principal 4 ′ in the 5 middle fields and the principal 8 ′ in the side harp fields). The wind is supplied via 2 wedge bellows and a front bellows with fan. The disposition is as follows:

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
01. Principal 08th'
02. Viola di gamba 08th'
03. Hohlflöth 08th'
04th Unda maris (from c 0 ) 08th'
05. Octava 04 ′
06th Spitzflöth 04 ′
Quinta ( previously No. 9) 03 ′
Superoctava (in advance No. 10) 0 02 ′
07th Cornett II-IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
08th. Mixture IV 02 ′
09. bassoon 16 ′
10. Trumpet 08th'
II Positive C-g 3
11. Lovely Gedackt 8th'
12. Flauto traverso 8th'
13. Salicional 8th'
14th Quintatön 8th'
15th Violin principal 4 ′
16. Slack douce 4 ′
17th Nassat 3 ′
18th Waldflöth 2 ′
19th Tertia 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Sifflöth (in advance No. 23) 0 1'
20th Cymbel III 1'
21st Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
22nd Sub bass 16 ′
23. Octavbass 08th'
Gamba Bass ( Transm. No. 2) 08th'
Flautbass (Transm. No. 3) 08th'
Octave (Transm. No. 5) 04 ′
24. Trombone bass 16 ′
Trumpet Bass (Transm. No. 12) 08th'
  • Secondary register: cymbal star with 6 bowl bells; Vox strigis
  • Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
  • Playing aids : 2 free combinations
  • Technical specifications
    • Wind pressures: Hauptwerk 85 mm water column , positive 80 mm water column, pedal 90 mm water column
    • Tuning : Height: a 1 = 440 Hz at 15 ° C. Temperature: Bach / Lehman

literature

  • Günter E. Th. Bezzenberger: Worth seeing churches in the church areas of Hesse and Nassau and Kurhessen-Waldeck, including the Rhine-Hessian church districts of Wetzlar and Braunfels. Evangelischer Presseverband, Kassel 1987, p. 249.
  • Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.2 . Part 2 (M – Z)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 869-870 .
  • Ottfried Dascher (Ed.): Nidda. The history of a city and its surroundings. 2nd Edition. Niddaer Heimatmuseum, Nidda 1992, ISBN 3-9803915-8-2 , pp. 265-269.
  • Georg Dehio , Folkhard Cremer a. a .: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hesse II. Darmstadt administrative district. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 , pp. 612–613.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. (= Hassia sacra ; 5). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, pp. 322-324.
  • Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hesse-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). Elwert, Marburg 1937, reprint 1984, p. 28.
  • Karl Kraft: The Evangelical Lutheran City Church of the Holy Spirit in Nidda. Evang. Luth. Stadtpfarramt, Nidda 1961.
  • Rainer Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Protestant parish Nidda. In: Niddaer Geschichtsblätter. Vol. 10, 2006, pp. 6-95.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Siegfried RCT Enders, Christoph Mohr (arrangement): Architectural monuments in Hessen. Wetteraukreis I. (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1982, ISBN 3-528-06231-2 , p. 293.
  • Günther Marquardt, Marianne Marquardt: Evang.-luth. City Church of the Holy Spirit, Nidda. (= Small Art Guide , Vol. 2336). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-7954-6118-9 .
  • Kurt Storck: The Open Monument Day. The Evangelical Lutheran town church Nidda "To the Holy Spirit". In: The Vogelsberg. Journal for home, hiking and nature of the Vogelsberger Höhen-Club eV Vol. 82, Issue 2, Schotten 1999, pp. 24–26.
  • Heinrich Wagner : Nidda . In: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Büdingen district. Arnold Bergstraesser, Darmstadt 1890, pp. 215-219.
  • Wilhelm Wagner: 1025 years of Nidda. 951-1976. The story of an old, lovable city. City of Nidda, Nidda 1976.

Web links

Commons : City Church of the Holy Spirit  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments. Hessen II. 2008, p. 612.
  2. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Architectural monuments in Hesse. 1982, p. 293.
  3. ^ Marquardt: Evang.-luth. City Church of the Holy Spirit, Nidda. 1998, p. 4.
  4. ↑ Kleinfeldt, Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. 1937, p. 28.
  5. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 7.
  6. ↑ Nidda. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on October 30, 2015 .
  7. ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 323.
  8. ^ Marquardt: Evang.-luth. City Church of the Holy Spirit, Nidda. 1998, p. 6.
  9. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 21.
  10. ↑ a b c d Homepage of the parish: History , accessed on October 30, 2015.
  11. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 24.
  12. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 74.
  13. ^ Wagner: 1025 years of Nidda. 1976.
  14. ↑ a b Marquardt: Evang.-luth. City Church of the Holy Spirit, Nidda. 1998, p. 10.
  15. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 75.
  16. ↑ a b Dascher (Ed.): Nidda. The history of a city and its surroundings. 1992, p. 269.
  17. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 73.
  18. ^ Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hessen II. 2008, p. 613.
  19. ^ Wagner: Nidda . 1890, p. 216.
  20. ↑ a b Marquardt: Evang.-luth. City Church of the Holy Spirit, Nidda. 1998, p. 14.
  21. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 22.
  22. ^ Kritzler: Contributions to the history of the Evangelical Church Community Nidda. 2006, p. 23.
  23. ^ Bezzenberger: churches worth seeing. 1987, p. 249.
  24. ^ Marquardt: Evang.-luth. City Church of the Holy Spirit, Nidda. 1998, p. 16.
  25. ^ Marquardt: Evang.-luth. City Church of the Holy Spirit, Nidda. 1998, p. 15.
  26. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine . 1988, p. 660.
  27. ↑ Orgelprojekt "orgel2018" , accessed October 30, 2015.

Coordinates: 50 ° 24 '47.14 "  N , 9 ° 0' 35.71"  O