Evangelical Church (Schwickartshausen)

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Church from the East
North side of the church

The Evangelical Church in Schwickartshausen , a district of Nidda in the Wetteraukreis ( Hesse ), consists of a Romanesque west tower from the second half of the 12th century and an early Gothic nave from the 13th century. The fortified church , which was rebuilt in the baroque period, is characteristic of the town and, for artistic and historical reasons, it is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

The oldest parts of the church date back to the end of the 12th century. In the second half of the 13th century the nave was added. The parish church is first mentioned in documents in 1344. At that time it was the mother church of a parish to which Lißberg belonged, and the Sendkirche in the Roßdorf deanery. The Fulda monastery held the right of patronage . From an ecclesiastical point of view, the parish church belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the Archdiocese of Mainz in the Middle Ages . At the beginning of the 16th century, Schwickartshausen is no longer proven as a sending location.

With the introduction of the Reformation , Schwickartshausen switched to the evangelical creed. The first Protestant pastor was Andreas Ulichius in 1536. Eckartsborn, Bobenhausen and Bellmuth had been parish since the Reformation period. Lißberg was raised to an independent parish around the middle of the 16th century, at the latest in 1612.

Since the nave had suffered damage in the Thirty Years' War , large parts of it were renewed and increased in the years 1706 to 1708, taking into account the remaining parts. Instead of the small ogival windows, large rectangular windows were built into the south wall. The ship lost its vault and was given a flat ceiling. In the same year galleries were built and oval openings were made in the north wall below the eaves for lighting. It is unclear whether the elevation of the choir and the enlargement of every second pointed arch window also took place in this context or in the 19th century. The wooden spire was renewed in 1727.

During a church renovation in 1912/1913, the baroque extensions of the windows in the choir were reversed. The choir received its neo-Gothic ribbed vault and the triumphal arch after the organ gallery had been removed. The new organ was built into the small sacristy so as not to lose any seats on the west gallery. The wall to the sacristy was demolished for this purpose. The organist could watch what was going on at the altar through a half-barred window in the door. The priest was left with the rest of the sacristy. The ceiling in the nave was given stucco profiles. The re-inauguration took place on October 26, 1913. In 1914 Otto Linnemann designed the middle choir window and in 1916 he created two more choir windows, which were donated in memory of a son who died in Poland. The last church renovation was completed in 1991.

architecture

Neo-Gothic star vault in the choir from 1913

The east-facing church is built in the center of an oval churchyard, the remains of which have been preserved from the medieval mantle wall . It consists of a Romanesque west tower and an early Gothic nave with a retracted five-eighth end . The masonry is plastered white on the outside and inside, with reveals, vault ribs, the corner blocks and other dividing elements made of red sandstone.

The well-fortified, mighty west tower on a square floor plan (6 × 6 meters) is windowless apart from two very small pointed arch windows in the north and south. Its arched portal is stepped and has protruding transoms in the inner arch. A similar round arch provides access from the tower hall to the nave. On the four sides of the completely shingled pointed helmet from 1727, triangular gables with paired sound holes protrude. They convey from the four-sided basic shape to the octagonal pointed helmet. Except for the west side, a clock face of the tower clock is attached to the top of the gable. The helmet is crowned by a tower pommel, cross and weathercock. The tower houses two medieval bells with no inscriptions and a newer bell.

The elongated nave on a rectangular floor plan (about 20 × 6 meters) has a saddle roof that is towed over the sacristy on the north side . The south side is illuminated by three high rectangular windows from the Baroque period and accessed through a pointed arch portal (segment arch inside), above which a small rectangular window is let. The small Gothic pointed arch windows have been preserved on the north side. Four oval windows have broken into it. The small sacristy on a rectangular floor plan has a rectangular door in the west, a rectangular window in the north and an ogival slit window in the east.

The choir is drawn in by 1.60 meters opposite the ship and, unlike the ship, has a circumferential plinth. The roof, hipped over the east end, reaches the same ridge height as the nave, but is not drawn down as far. The choir is illuminated through five small pointed arch windows, each with a three-pass arch . Two windows are original, the others were restored in 1913 and given simple rectangular walls . Otto Linnemann created the two outer windows with stained glass in 1916 with figurative representations of the risen Christ, once as a blessing and once with a victory flag. Inside, a flat-pointed triumphal arch opens the choir to the nave.

Furnishing

View to the east
Epitaph for Hieronymus von Waiblingen († 1541)
Angular gallery and stucco ceiling from 1706

The interior is closed off by a stuccoed flat ceiling from the beginning of the 18th century with long beams . A baroque angled gallery is built into the north and west sides. It rests on Tuscan columns with high square bases and square capitals. The panels of the coffered gallery balustrade alternately show Bible passages in a entwined cartouche and flower arrangements or fruit under a garland.

The pulpit fields of the wooden, polygonal pulpit on the southern archway have panels with depictions of the four evangelists in rural paintings. The pulpit from the beginning of the 18th century rests on an octagonal base that is marbled in red. The staircase and pulpit are marbled in black, the profiles of the panels are gold-plated. The block altar is raised by one step and shows square painting and is covered by a slab over an incline. The altar cross is a wooden crucifix of the three-nail type . In the south wall of the choir there are two simple ogival niches, in the north wall a barred niche with a pointed arch cover and a nun's head.

On the south wall of the nave is a large 15th century crucifix in front of a painted red curtain. Two free columns are painted next to the south portal, the segment arch is decorated with tendrils with red and yellow flowers. Above it, an inscription indicates the completion of the renovation in the 18th century: “In 1708 this church was renovated”. A plaque of honor names the names of 32 fallen soldiers from the First World War from Schwickartshausen, Eckartsborn , Bobenhausen I and Bellmuth . Opposite the south entrance on the north wall, a painting with the resurrection scene commemorates the fallen of the Second World War. Under the heading “I am the resurrection”, Christ is flanked in a pointed arch by two angels, below are the names of 54 fallen from the same four places. A painting on the west wall above the gallery shows churchgoers going to communion.

The wooden church stalls in blue frame have curved cheeks and leave a central aisle free. The parapet fields have coffered panels with tendril paintings. A row of benches in the shape of a horseshoe is built into the choir with a corresponding parapet, which has the same tendril paintings.

In the choir, an epitaph in the south wall reminds of Hieronymus von Waiblingen († 1541), who died at the age of 26. It shows the deceased as an armored knight larger than life between two marbled pilasters in a polychrome setting . Only the father's coat of arms with deer antlers is preserved. The other coats of arms and the crowning essay have been lost. The Latin Bible verse from Phil 1,21  VUL can be read on the main cornice . The inscription in a cartouche on the foot reads: “ANNO DOMINI 1541 THE 3 AVGVSTI OF THE NIGHT VMB I VHR IS THE NOBLE VND ERNVEST HIERONIMVS OF WAIBLINGS IN GOD BLESSED HIS [AGE] 26 YEARS OF THE SELF OF THE SELF OF ALL CHRISTIANS SELF-GOD OF THE ALMS VND SELIGE AVFERSTEVNG VERLEIEN WOLLE. ”A grave slab made of red sandstone for Johanna von Waiblingen stands in front of the southern choir arch to the right of the pulpit. Next to it is a tombstone (0.65 × 1.1 meters) on the south wall with the youthful depiction of Elisabeth von Lißberg († 1348), which was previously set into the south wall of the choir. She is depicted in a pleated robe with her head on a pillow, praying hands, her feet on a celestial sphere and flanked by the two parental coats of arms (lion and cross band). The legend around the rectangular plate reads: “A [NNO] · M · CCC · XXX · VIII · I [N] · DIE · S [ANC] TI · MARTINI · O [BIIT] · ELIZAB [ET] · FILIA · D [OMI] NI · DE · LEYZBERG “.

organ

Organ from 1913

Plans for the construction of a new organ are known for 1713 . Today's instrument was built by the Lich company Förster & Nicolaus in 1913. It has eight registers on a manual with a pneumatic cone shutter . The Freipfeifen prospectus is in three parts with a raised middle field. In the upper third the large pipes are painted with a tendril ornament. Set back to the side, medium-sized pipes are set up on two floors. Immediately in front of the midfield is a row of smaller pipes. The play cabinet is completely built into the lower case. The disposition is as follows:

I Manual C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Salizional 8th'
Dumped 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Covered flute 4 ′
Intoxicating fifth II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Pedal C – d 1
Sub-bass 16 ′

literature

  • Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.2 . Part 2 (M – Z)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 869-870 .
  • Georg Dehio , Folkhard Cremer a. a .: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hesse II. Darmstadt administrative district. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 , p. 727.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. (= Hassia sacra ; 5). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, pp. 343–346.
  • Erco von Dietze: Finding aid for the archive of the Protestant parish Schwickartshausen and the subsidiary villages of Bobenhausen I, Eckartsborn and Bellmuth. (1532) 1612-1965 (1989). Erco von Dietze, Nieder-Moos 1990.
  • Felicitas Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. A contribution to Upper Rhine architecture. (= Sources and research on Hessian history. Vol. 97). Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt and the Historical Commission for Hesse, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-88443-186-2 , p. 176.
  • Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hesse-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). Elwert, Marburg 1937, reprint 1984, p. 44.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Siegfried RCT Enders, Christoph Mohr (arrangement): Architectural monuments in Hessen. Wetteraukreis I. (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1982, ISBN 3-528-06231-2 , p. 335.
  • Heinrich Wagner: Schwickartshausen . In: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Büdingen district. Arnold Bergstraesser, Darmstadt 1890, pp. 266–268.

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church Schwickartshausen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hessen II. 2008, p. 727.
  2. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Architectural monuments in Hesse. 1982, p. 335.
  3. ^ Wagner: Schwickartshausen . 1890, p. 266.
  4. ↑ Kleinfeldt, Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. 1937, p. 44.
  5. ↑ Schwickartshausen. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on October 28, 2015 .
  6. ^ A b c Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. 1931, p. 344.
  7. ↑ a b Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. 1931, p. 345.
  8. ↑ a b Wagner: Schwickartshausen . 1890, p. 267.
  9. ↑ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. 1994, p. 176.
  10. ↑ Hieronymus von Waiblingen 1541. Grave monuments in Hesse until 1650. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on October 28, 2015 .
  11. ^ Elisabeth von Lißberg 1348. Grave monuments in Hesse until 1650. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on October 28, 2015 .
  12. ↑ orgel-information.de: The organ of the Protestant Church Nidda (Schwickartshausen) , accessed on August 20, 2017.
  13. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine . 1988, pp. 869-870.

Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '35.17 "  N , 9 ° 4' 27.8"  E