Stubach (Ulmbach)

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Stubach (also called Stubbach ) is a deserted area in the district of Ulmbach , today part of the town of Steinau an der Straße , in the Main-Kinzig district in Hesse .

Geographical location

The desert lies on the left side of the valley of the Stubbach , north of the Hettersberg and south of the L3195, which connects Ulmbach (east-northeast of the desert) and Rabenstein (northwest of the desert). Upstream in front of the main road is the NSG In der Stubbach near Ulmbach, designated in 1988 and about 2.5 km 2 in size (see list of nature reserves in the Main-Kinzig district ). The successful excavations that are still identified are located north of the NSG, while the mapping shows the desert south of the NSG. The two districts of the desert can thus also be explained geographically.

Geomorphologically , the desert lies in a larger but shallow valley basin at around 360 to 370 m above sea ​​level . Framed by heights in the south, west and north, which are approx. 40 m higher, the former settlement forms the upper section of the valley along the small Stubbach. The north-south oriented valley area follows the general slope of the Vogelsberg massif in north-south direction up to the Kinzig . Geologically, the area is characterized by a larger layer of loess over basalt coverings in the valley area, which rest on sedimentary rocks of the red sandstone . The surfaces are only broken up in places by small clods of shell limestone . The area is now a larger open land and is used for agriculture . Only on the mountain ranges and the valley ends are there more extensive forest areas.

history

According to information from the Steinauer History Association, the place was first mentioned in 810 as Waltstupach . The village was documented as Stupach in 1289 when the Neuenberg monastery in Fulda acquired the bailiwick from the Stichelingen von Gelnhausen . From the 15th century two parts of the village seem to have existed, because from the first quarter of the 15th century, a distinction was made between Nidernstupach ( Niddern Stuppach , Niederstubach ) and Obern-Stuppach ( Oberstubach ) in one Weistum . Another document even gives the name of a property in Niederstubach known as Hintzinger-Gut near the Ulmbacher ford . The owners of the meadow there were the brothers Konrad (together with their wife and son) and Eberhard von Mörle called Beheim , who actually come from the Uerzell area and called the Uerzell moated castle their ancestral castle . From the middle of the 15th century in decline and acting as a robber baron , the line will move south to the Main and only flourish 100 years later with Wolf von Mörle called Beheim as court marshal in the service of Mainz , who will acquire Wörth Castle as a fief .

After that there are no more documented mentions of Stubach. Also younger traces of settlement are no longer detectable.

In the middle of the 19th century, the location of Stubbach is only mentioned as a geographical name in the level map of the Electorate of Hesse .

Excavations

Traces and finds of settlement were documented in 2014 when plowing a previously used meadow. Inspections by employees of the monument protection authority of the Main-Kinzig district resulted in extensive finds. The conservationist released the site for an archaeological investigation in 2015. This took place under the leadership of the Archaeological Spessart Project (ASP) in September and October 2015.

The excavation was an initiative of the archaeological working group of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, the monument protection authority of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis and the Ulmbach Heimat- und Kulturverein. Funding was provided by the property owner, the Main-Kinzig district, the town of Steinau an der Straße and the Sparkassenstiftung Hessen-Thüringen. The excavated settlement was only 30 cm below the current horizon. Almost 300 square meters of soil were archaeologically examined according to plan in defined squares.

The finds, such as stone setting of property walls and half-timbered buildings, stove tiles, roof tiles and many fragments of large cream bowls for the production of dairy products, indicate two horizons of settlement; the one around the second third of the 13th century in parallels to other finds in the western Spessart ; the other in the second half of the 14th century. Further analysis of the finds showed that there was an earlier settlement towards the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century. From the second settlement around 1350 imported stoneware from the Dieburg and Siegburg area could be proven. The figure of a children's toy made of clay is interesting , a Kruseler doll , which is one of the earliest records of these clay dolls.

The large-scale finds show that the place was inhabited for about two kilometers along the stream of the same name. The uppermost layer of fire on finds also showed that the settlement fell victim to a fire disaster and was not repopulated afterwards. The first results and the status of the excavations were presented to the interested public on October 4, 2015, during guided tours of the excavation. After the investigations, the excavation areas were backfilled.

The area is designated as a Hessian ground monument .

literature

  • Georg Landau : Historical-topographical description of the desolate localities in the Electorate of Hesse and in the grand-ducal Hessian parts of Hessengaue, Oberlahngaue and Ittergaue (= journal of the Association for Hessian History. Supplement 7, ZDB -ID 200295-4 ). Verlag Fischer, Kassel 1858, p. 373 , (reprint. Edited by Dieter Carl. Historical Edition Carl, Vellmar 1999).
  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local lexicon for Kurhessen (= publications of the historical commission for Hesse and Waldeck. Vol. 14, ISSN  0342-2291 ). Elwert, Marburg 1926, p. 462

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wüstung Stubbach , website of the Steinau history association; retrieved on March 5, 2017. A suitable settlement horizon could not be found during the excavations.
  2. ↑ HStAM inventory document 77 No. 982 , document of the Hessian State Archives Marburg in the archive information system Hessen (January 27, 1414); accessed on March 9, 2016
  3. ↑ a b c d The desert of Stubach near Ulmbach - ditch in squares ; Retrieved March 5, 2016
  4. ^ Electorate of Hesse 1840-1861 - 95. Steinau. Historical maps. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS)., Location of Stubbach in "B2"; Retrieved March 5, 2017
  5. ^ The Stubach desert - excavations ; Retrieved March 5, 2017
  6. ↑ a b The Stubach Desert - Finds ; Retrieved March 5, 2017
  7. ^ First results of the excavations in Ulmbach , regional website www.vorsprung-online.de from September 24, 2015; Retrieved March 5, 2017

Coordinates: 50 ° 21  '59.6 " N , 9 ° 23' 16.6"  E